Mesechtas Zevachim discusses the various animal Korbonos brought in the Beis HaMikdash and the rules that go along.
The intentions one must have when bringing the Korban
The location where the animal should be Schechted and where to sprinkle its blood.
The Order of Korbonos and what happens if you mix them up.
The final Perek discusses the Issur (Prohibition) on Schechting a Korban outside the Beis HaMikdash.
Once the Beis HaMikdash was built, this Issur was clear, any Korban brought outside would violate this Issur. However, during earlier times, when the Mishkan was in less permanent spots, Bnei Yisroel was allowed to bring their Korbonos either at the Central Mizbeach or on their personal Mizbeach, called a Bamah.
The Final Mishnah discusses the main differences between the Public Mizbeach and Personal Mizbeachs during the time when both were permitted.
First, which Korbonos may be brought on each of the Mizbeachs. Second, the Mishnah finishes with a list of some technical differences when sacrificing a Korbon on the Personal Bamah.
Before I begin, I wanted to say something about Savta. One thing we learn from these last Mishnayos is that we all have the ability to create Kedusha, holiness in our own homes. Wherever we are and whatever time it is, we can and should want to create these spaces of personal Kedushah.
Savta, along with Zeide, were able to do so. Even though their childhoods were hard, they were able to build themselves and their home into a Makon Kadosh. It was in this holy place that they built a family dedicated to torah and mitzvos. Her Neshamah should have an Aliya.
(י) אֵלּוּ קָדָשִׁים קְרֵבִים בַּמִּשְׁכָּן.
קָדָשִׁים שֶׁהֻקְדְּשׁוּ לַמִּשְׁכָּן,
קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר, קְרֵבִין בַּמִּשְׁכָּן.
וְקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד, בְּבָמָה.
קָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד שֶׁהֻקְדְּשׁוּ לַמִּשְׁכָּן, יִקְרְבוּ בַמִּשְׁכָּן. וְאִם הִקְרִיבָן בְּבָמָה, פָּטוּר.
מַה בֵּין בָּמַת יָחִיד לְבָמַת צִבּוּר,
סְמִיכָה,
וּשְׁחִיטַת צָפוֹן,
וּמַתַּן סָבִיב,
וּתְנוּפָה,
וְהַגָּשָׁה.
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מִנְחָה בְבָמָה.
וְכִהוּן,
וּבִגְדֵי שָׁרֵת,
וּכְלֵי שָׁרֵת,
וְרֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ,
וּמְחִצָּה בַדָּמִים,
וּרְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלָיִם.
אֲבָל הַזְּמָן,
וְהַנּוֹתָר,
וְהַטָּמֵא,
שָׁוִים בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה:
(10) And these are the Korbonos that are sacrificed only in the Mishkan
even when private Bamos are permitted:
Korbonos sanctified for the Mishkan such public Korbonos are sacrificed in the Mishkan
but personal Korbonos are brought on the Bamah
In addition, with regard if a person specifically sanctifies his Korbon to be brought in the Mishkan, it is brought in the MIshkan--but if he bring it on his Bamah, it is fine.
And what is the difference between the private altar of an individual and the public altar at the site of the Mishkan?
If it on a private altar there is no placing of hands on the head of an offering,
no slaughter in the north,
no placement of blood around all sides of the Mizbeach
no waving of the Korban Mincha
and no bringing Korban Mincha close to the side of the Mizbeach
Rabbi Yehuda argues and says there are no Korban Minchas on a Bamah
Adding to the list of differences between a Bamah and the central Mizbeach, the Bamah does not require:
A kohein
the Special clothing of the Kohanim
Special Kaylim,
the intent for the korban to be a pleasing aroma to haShem
Redline separating the top and bottom of the Mizbeach,
and the priest’s washing of hands and feet before doing the Avoda
But the intent to sacrifice or partake of the Korban beyond its designated time (Pigul),
Leaving over the KOrban beyond the right time
the prohibition against eating a Korban when you are Tamei
apply both at the Mizbeach and the Bamah.