The Shema
AN OPPORTUNITY TO LISTEN
The Shema is undoubtedly Judaism's most famous prayer. Its opening verse, "Hear,
"Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is one," is common knowledge. Yet, as its full name, Kriyat Shema-the Declaration of Shema- implies, it is not a prayer at all. A prayer is addressed to God. It is an attempt by human beings to speak to the creator, an expression of human feelings, human wants and desires, human desperation or exaltation. Jewish worship, however, has always consisted of both the utterance of the human being and of the opportunity for that human being to hear in return the words directed toward him or her from Heaven. Shema-"hear": listen. To listen is as important as to speak, perhaps more so. To hear is as vital to human life as to express oneself. Any dialogue consists of both speaking and listening. Dialogue becomes pointless when one of the parties ceases to listen to the other. The dialogue of worship too becomes pointless when either party turns a deaf ear to the other. We cannot speak for God, but Judaism affirms many times that God "hears prayer." Does the worshiper hear Him?
One of the ways in which God speaks and we listen is through the words of the Bible:
You yourselves saw that I spoke to you from the very heavens. (Exod. 20:19)
However one understands the concept of revelation and the divine character of the Bible, Judaism continues to affirm that, within the Bible, the voice of God can be heard. Because of this, listening to the words of the Bible is one way of listening to God. By including these words within worship, worship becomes a dialogue, even if an indirect and rather stylized one.
(ב) אֵלּוּ הֵן בֵּין הַפְּרָקִים, בֵּין בְּרָכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה לִשְׁנִיָּה, בֵּין שְׁנִיָּה לִשְׁמַע, וּבֵין שְׁמַע לִוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ, בֵּין וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ לְוַיֹּאמֶר, בֵּין וַיֹּאמֶר לֶאֱמֶת וְיַצִּיב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֵּין וַיֹּאמֶר לֶאֱמֶת וְיַצִּיב לֹא יַפְסִיק. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה, לָמָּה קָדְמָה שְׁמַע לִוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ, אֶלָּא כְדֵי שֶׁיְּקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֹל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם תְּחִלָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יְקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֹל מִצְוֹת. וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ לְוַיֹּאמֶר, שֶׁוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ נוֹהֵג בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה, וַיֹּאמֶר אֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם:
(2) As for what constitutes a paragraph, these are the breaks between the paragraphs: Between the first blessing and the second, between the second and Shema, between Shema and the second paragraph: If you indeed heed My commandments [VeHaya im Shamoa], between VeHaya im Shamoa and the third paragraph: And the Lord spoke [VaYomer] and between VaYomer and True and Firm [emet veyatziv], the blessing that follows Shema. The Rabbis held that each blessing and each paragraph of Shema constitutes its own entity, and treat interruptions between them as between the paragraphs. Rabbi Yehuda, however, says: Between VaYomer and emet veyatziv, which begins the blessing that follows Shema, one may not interrupt at all. According to Rabbi Yehuda, these must be recited consecutively. Since the paragraphs of Shema are not adjacent to one another in the Torah, and they are not recited in the order in which they appear, the mishna explains their placement. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa said: Why, in the mitzva of the recitation of Shema, did the portion of Shema precede that of VeHaya im Shamoa? This is so that one will first accept upon himself the yoke of the kingdom of Heaven, the awareness of God and God’s unity, and only then accept upon himself the yoke of the mitzvot, which appears in the paragraph of VeHaya im Shamoa. Why did VeHaya im Shamoa precede VaYomer? Because the paragraph of VeHaya im Shamoa is practiced both by day and by night, while VaYomer, which discusses the mitzva of ritual fringes, is only practiced during the day.
only need the one line of kabalot ol malkhut shamayim, and even that might have a better version in my mishnah sourcebook, and yoke of heaven should be traced in all the various blessings, 1 and 3--there might be a sourcesheet on Shema and a sourcesheet on the acceptance of the yoke of heaven
also a class on antiphonal Shema, sea, and celestial
His glory fills the whole world.
Amen and Amen.
