Parshat Emor: How Moadim Are Different from Shabbat

(3) On six days work may be done, but on the seventh day there shall be a sabbath of complete rest, a sacred occasion. You shall do no work; it shall be a sabbath of ה' throughout your settlements.

(4) These are the set times of ה', the sacred occasions, which you shall celebrate each at its appointed time:

(5) In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight, there shall be a passover offering to ה',

(6) and on the fifteenth day of that month יהוה’s Feast of Unleavened Bread. You shall eat unleavened bread for seven days.

(7) On the first day you shall celebrate a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations.

(8) Seven days you shall make offerings by fire to ה'. The seventh day shall be a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations.

And it was evening and it was morning

The sixth day. And the heavens and the earth andall their hosts were completed.

And God finished by the Seventh Day His work which He had done, and He rested
on the Seventh Day from all His work which He had done.

And God blessed the Seventh Day and made
it holy, for on it He rested from all His work which God created to function.

Attention...

Blessed are you, Lord our God, King of the universe, creator of the fruit of the vine.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments, has desired us, and has given us, in love and goodwill, His
holy Shabbat as a heritage, in remembrance of the work of Creation;

the first of the holy festivals, a remembrance of the Exodus from Egypt. For You have chosen us and sanctified us from among all the nations, and with love
and good will given us Your holy Shabbat as a heritage.
Blessed are You Lord, who sanctifies the Shabbat. (Amen)

(1) 'אלה מועדי ה THESE ARE THE APPOINTED FESTIVALS OF THE LORD :Above (v. 2), where similar words are used, Scripture is speaking of proclaiming the year to be a leap-year, here it is speaking of the קדוש החדש, sanctificat ion of the month

...Dispute between Rabbi Yehoshua and Raban Gamliel

Rava says: The reason that sowing on a Festival was omitted is that there is a division of labors on Shabbat, but there is no division of labors on a Festival. On Shabbat, one who unwittingly performs several prohibited labors during one lapse of awareness is liable to bring one sin-offering for each labor that he performed. On a Festival, if one performs several prohibited labors, he is liable to receive only one set of lashes, as there is one prohibition against performing labor on a Festival. Since the mishna listed plowing on the Festival, it does not also list sowing on the Festival. Ulla said to him: That [ada] is so.

(1) The six days on which the Torah forbade work are the first and seventh days of Pesach, the first and eighth days of the festival of Sukkot, the festival of Shavuot, and the first day of the seventh month. They are referred to as holidays.
The [obligation to] rest is the same on all these days; it is forbidden to perform all types of servile labor, with the exception of those labors necessary for [the preparation of] food, as [implied by Exodus 12:16]: "Only that [labor] from which all souls will eat [may you perform]."

(2) Anyone who rests from "servile labor" on one of these days fulfills a positive commandment, for [the Torah] describes them as Sabbaths - i.e., days of rest.
Whoever performs a labor that is not for the sake of [the preparation of] food on one of these days - e.g., he builds, destroys, weaves, or the like - negates [the performance of] a positive commandment and violates a negative commandment, as [Leviticus 23:7] states: "You shall not perform any servile labor," and [Exodus 12:6] states: "You shall not perform any work on them."
If a person performs [a forbidden labor when observed] by witnesses and [after] receiving a warning, the Torah prescribes that he receive lashes [as punishment].

(3) When a person performs several forbidden labors on a holiday after being warned once - e.g., he sows, builds, destroys, and weaves - after receiving a single warning, he receives only a single [set of] lashes. There is a distinction between the categories of forbidden labor on the Sabbath, but there is no such distinction on the holidays.

SPEAK UNTO THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL. The priests have no greater duties with regard to the festivals than the Israelites, therefore He did not admonish Aaron and his sons in this section, but the children of Israel, a term which includes all of them together, since He did not explain the Additional Offerings [for the festivals] in this section. However, He mentioned the festivals here in Torath Kohanim (i.e. Book of Leviticus) because they are days of offerings, and He alludes to them, just as He said, And ye shall bring an offering made by fire unto the Eternal, and at the end of this section He states, These are the appointed seasons of the Eternal, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to bring an offering made by fire unto the Eternal, a burnt-offering, and a meal-offering, a peace-offering, and drink-offerings...
The correct interpretation appears to me to be that the meaning of the verse The appointed seasons of the Eternal, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are My appointed seasons, is that it refers [only] to the festivals mentioned further on in the sections: In the first month etc. [but it does not refer to the Sabbath]. It is for this reason that He states there once again, These are the appointed seasons of the Eternal, because He had interrupted with the subject of the Sabbath. Thus He states, The appointed seasons of the Eternal, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are My appointed seasons, meaning that no manner of servile work [be done on them], but the Sabbath you are to keep, making it a Sabbath of solemn rest from all manner of work whatsoever, for He admonishes concerning the Sabbath many times. He further alludes here [to the law that even] when the Sabbath falls on one of [the days of] the festivals, we must not suspend [the law of the Sabbath] so that the preparation of food be permitted on it [as it is on a festival day when it falls on a weekday, but instead it is prohibited]. …

(37) Those are the set times of ה' that you shall celebrate as sacred occasions, bringing offerings by fire to ה' —burnt offerings, meal offerings, sacrifices, and libations, on each day what is proper to it— (38) apart from the sabbaths of ה', and apart from your gifts and from all your votive offerings and from all your freewill offerings that you give to ה'. (39) Mark, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the yield of your land, you shall observe the festival of ה' [to last] seven days: a complete rest on the first day, and a complete rest on the eighth day...

​​​​​​​יהוה. (44) So Moses declared to the Israelites the set times of ה'.