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Hashgacha Pratis: The Chassidic Approach
The Holy Baal Shem Tov was asked by his students, is it really true that even the leaf of a tree that is blown by the wind is subject to Hashgacha Pratit. He told them to go out to a particular tree and watch what happens to the leaf. The went to the tree. And they saw how the leaf blew away into the river, the leaf moved between two rocks, and a caterpillar fed off that leaf. The Ba'al Shem Tov responded, isn't it amazing, how hard Hashem works to feed his creatures.

ואמר ר' חנינא אין אדם נוקף אצבעו מלמטה אלא א"כ מכריזין עליו מלמעלה שנאמר (תהלים לז, כג) מה' מצעדי גבר.

And Rabbi Ḥanina says: A person injures his finger below, on earth, only if they declare about him on high that he should be injured, as it is stated: It is of the Lord that a man’s goings are established; and a man, what does he understand of his way (see Psalms 37:23 and Proverbs 20:24).

Meor Einayim is one of the most important texts of early chassidus. The author, Rav Menachem Nachum, was a talmid of both the Besht and his successor, the Magid of Mezerich. He was also known as the Maggid of Chernobyl, famous for his derashos in many communities.
(ה) מִ֭י כַּיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ הַֽמַּגְבִּיהִ֥י לָשָֽׁבֶת׃ (ו) הַֽמַּשְׁפִּילִ֥י לִרְא֑וֹת בַּשָּׁמַ֥יִם וּבָאָֽרֶץ׃
מאור עיניים: ישמח לב
צריך לזה אמונה גמורה, שיאמין אמונה שלימה בהשגחה אלקות שאין עוד מלבדו, ולא יתלה חס ושלום במקרה...רק שהבורא ברוך הוא משגיח עליו בכל ענייניו קטן וגדול...
ליקוטים
ובכלל האמונה, שיאמין האדם כי כל עשייותיו והצלחותיו, הכל תלוי ביד הקב״ה, ולא יאמר האדם בחכמתי ובתבונתי עשיתי לי זאת, כי ה' הנותן לך כח לעשות חיל, ואם על ידי (שמירת שבת) זה יאבד ויפסיד מנכסיו, אינו נחשב לכלום אצלו, כי הקב״ה הנותן כח לעשות חיל, ואדרבה על ידי זה שמירה לנכסיו.
Pe'ar L'Yesharim
It is said in the name of the Rav, that even the straw resting on the ground, is due to the decree of Hashem, who decreed that it should be placed there with the edges on this side and that side.
Is Hashem watching over Betsy the Cow?
דברי שמואל
השגחה פרטית היא על כל הברואים גם על הדוממים והצומחים, כי אין לך דבר שלא יהיה משגיחים עליו מלמעלה בכל הפרטים והכל נעשה בכוונה מיוחדת ודי למבין.
Talmud Yerushalmi Shevi’is 9:1:
“Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai says: ‘A fowl will not be snared without [a decree from] heaven. Certainly, this applies with regard to humans.’ ”
Once the Imrei Pinchas recounted, "It entered my heart to say that there is an element of nature in everything." The Baal Shem Tov then came to the city and Rav Pinchas went to him. The Baal Shem Tov said: "What was the noise heard with the war against Amalek more than the rest of the nations? Amalek's sin was that they included all of the mircles within the normal operation of nature, He understood the Baal Shem Tov's hint...

(ג) וָאֵרָ֗א אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל־יִצְחָ֥ק וְאֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּאֵ֣ל שַׁדָּ֑י וּשְׁמִ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָהֶֽם׃

(3) I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as El Shaddai, but I did not make Myself known to them by My name יהוה.
The Vilna Gaon (1720-1797): Sifra Ditzniuta, Chapter 5
The rule is that all that was, is, and will be until the end of time is included in the Torah from Bereishit to "L'eyney Kol Yisrael. And not merely in a general sense, but including the details of every species and of each person individualy, and the most minute details of everything that happened to him from the day of his birth until his death.
(פט) לְעוֹלָ֥ם יְהֹוָ֑ה דְּ֝בָרְךָ֗ נִצָּ֥ב בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
(89) The LORD exists forever;
Your word stands firm in heaven.
How can we reconcile Chassidus's Perspective with the rationalist Rambam perspective?
The Sefer HaChinuch, Mitzvah 169:
There are sects among mankind who maintain that Divine providence controls all the matters of this world… that when a leaf falls from a tree, He decreed that it would fall…. This approach is far-removed from the intellect.
(כג) וְאִ֨ם־בְּאֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א תִוָּסְר֖וּ לִ֑י וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י קֶֽרִי׃ (כד) וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י אַף־אֲנִ֛י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֑רִי וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ גַּם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם׃ (כה) וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙ נְקַם־בְּרִ֔ית וְנֶאֱסַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶל־עָרֵיכֶ֑ם וְשִׁלַּ֤חְתִּי דֶ֙בֶר֙ בְּת֣וֹכְכֶ֔ם וְנִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּיַד־אוֹיֵֽב׃ (כו) בְּשִׁבְרִ֣י לָכֶם֮ מַטֵּה־לֶ֒חֶם֒ וְ֠אָפ֠וּ עֶ֣שֶׂר נָשִׁ֤ים לַחְמְכֶם֙ בְּתַנּ֣וּר אֶחָ֔ד וְהֵשִׁ֥יבוּ לַחְמְכֶ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁקָ֑ל וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם וְלֹ֥א תִשְׂבָּֽעוּ׃ {ס} (כז) וְאִ֨ם־בְּזֹ֔את לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי׃ (כח) וְהָלַכְתִּ֥י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בַּחֲמַת־קֶ֑רִי וְיִסַּרְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אַף־אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם׃
מַאן תְּנָא לְהָא דְּתַנְיָא: בְּיוֹם טוֹב מְאַחֲרִין לָבוֹא, וּמִמֻּהְרִין לָצֵאת. בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מִמֻּהְרִין לָבוֹא, וּמְאַחֲרִין לָצֵאת. וּבְשַׁבָּת מִמֻּהְרִין לָבוֹא, וּמִמֻּהְרִין לָצֵאת. לֵימָא רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, דְּאִית לֵיהּ גַּבְרָא יַתִּירָא? אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל — דִּנְפִישׁ סִידּוּרָא דְּיוֹמָא.
The Gemara asks: Who is the tanna who taught that which is taught in a baraita: On a Festival, one is slow to arrive at the synagogue because one is busy preparing for the festive meal, and one is quick to leave in order to eat; on Yom Kippur, one is quick to arrive at the synagogue and slow to leave; and on Shabbat, one is quick to arrive, as the meal has been prepared before Shabbat, and quick to leave in order to eat the Shabbat meal? Let us say it is Rabbi Akiva, who holds that an additional man reads from the Torah on Yom Kippur, which prolongs the service on that day. The Gemara rejects this suggestion: Even if you say it is Rabbi Yishmael, one leaves the synagogue late because the order of the day, i.e., the prayer service, is very long, as it includes many supplications and confessions.