Save "Shemot 5783 2023"
Shemot 5783 2023
The Israeli poet Zelda published her most famous poem, לכל איש יש שם "Everyone has a name," in 1974.
זלדה, ״לכל איש יש שם״
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ אֱלֹקִים וְנָתְנוּ לוֹ אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ,
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָּתְנוּ לוֹ קוֹמָתוֹ וְאֹפֶן חִיּוּכוֹ וְנָתַן לוֹ הָאָרִיג,
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָתְנוּ לוֹ הֶהָרִים וְנָתְנוּ לוֹ כְּתָלָיו,
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָּתְנוּ לוֹ הַמַּזָּלוֹת וְנָתְנוּ לוֹ שְׁכֵנָיו,
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָתְנוּ לוֹ חֲטָאָיו וְנָתְנָה לוֹ כְּמִיהָתוֹ,
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָתְנוּ לו שׂונְאָיו וְנָתְנָה לוֹ אַהֲבָתוֹ,
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָתְנוּ לוֹ חַגָּיו וְנָתְנָה לוֹ מְלַאכְתוֹ,
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָתְנוּ לוֹ תְּקוּפוֹת הַשָּׁנָה וְנָתַן לוֹ עִוְרוֹנוֹ,
לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ הַיָּם וְנָתַן לוֹ מוֹתוֹ."אל תרחק" (1974) Source:
Zelda: 1914-1984.
Zelda Everyone Has a Name
Everyone has a name given to him by God and given to him by his parents
Everyone has a name given to him by his stature and the way he smiles and given to him by his clothing
Everyone has a name / given to him by the mountains / and given to him by his walls
Everyone has a name / given to him by the stars / and given to him by his neighbors
Everyone has a name / given to him by his sins / and given to him by his longing
Everyone has a name / given to him by his enemies / and given to him by his love
Everyone has a name / given to him by his feasts / and given to him by his work
Everyone has a name / given to him by the seasons / and given to him by his blindness
Everyone has a name / given to him by the sea /and given to him by his death.
(Translated from Hebrew by Marcia Falk, quoted from "Generations of the Holocaust" by Bergmann and Jugovy)
Parashat Shemot means 'the Portion of Names'. Sefer Shemot is 'the Book of Names.' Our parashah is full of names--the names of midwives, the name of Moshe, names of God. Our parashah begins by repeating a list similar to list we have read recently in the Book of Bereshit--
(א) וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצְרָ֑יְמָה אֵ֣ת יַעֲקֹ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵית֖וֹ בָּֽאוּ׃ (ב) רְאוּבֵ֣ן שִׁמְע֔וֹן לֵוִ֖י וִיהוּדָֽה׃ (ג) יִשָּׂשכָ֥ר זְבוּלֻ֖ן וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ (ד) דָּ֥ן וְנַפְתָּלִ֖י גָּ֥ד וְאָשֵֽׁר׃
(1) These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob, each coming with his household: (2) Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah; (3) Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin; (4) Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.
What is so important about these names? Why list them again?
(כ) ... (במדבר ז, מה): פַּר אֶחָד בֶּן וגו', הִזְכִּיר שְׁלשָׁה מִינִים לְעוֹלָה, ...
דָּבָר אַחֵר, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר שְׁלשָׁה מִינֵי עוֹלָה,
כְּנֶגֶד שָׁלשׁ מִדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בְּיָדָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמִצְרַיִם וּבִזְכוּתָן נִגְאֲלוּ,
שֶׁלֹא שִׁנּוּ אֶת שְׁמָם, וְלֹא שִׁנּוּ אֶת לְשׁוֹנָם, וְשֶׁגָּדְרוּ עַצְמָם מִן הָעֶרְוָה.
Many understand this statement in the Midrash as a mandate to use Hebrew names and not to change them to non-Jewish ones. (However, the Midrash does not talk about changing names to non-Jewish ones. It just talks about changing names.)
We also know there are times that people do change their names.
  • in case of illness
  • as an expression of teshuvah (Rambam, Hil. Teshuvah, 2:4, see below)
The commentator Kli Yakar has a different explanation:

(א) ראובן שמעון וגו'. פרט כאן שמותם על דרך המדרש (ויק"ר לב ה) בזכות ד' דברים נגאלו אבותינו ממצרים בזכות שלא שנו את שמם, ואת לשונם, ושהיו גדורין מעריות, ולא היו בהם דלטורין כו'.

וטעמו של דבר הוא כדמסיק בילקוט פרשה זו שכל שמות השבטים נקראו על שם הגאולה, ראובן ראה ראיתי את עני עמי. שמעון על שם וישמע אלקים את נאקתם וכן כולם, ולפי זה אם היו משנים את שמם לא היה להם רושם על הגאולה ולא היו ראויין להגאל, אחר שהחליפו את שמותם המורים על הגאולה וקורא להם שם חדש אשר אין בו הוראה על הגאולה, או היה להם שינוי השם סבה להתיאש מן הגאולה ולא היו מבקשים את פני ה' על הגאולה ועל התמורה.

The '12 shevatim,' the leaders of the 12 tribes, could have 'changed their name' in Egypt. They could have felt that there was nothing left to strive for, they could have lost faith in the positive meaning of their name and the possibility of redemption.
Since we are not leaders of the twelve tribes, what does this have to do with us?
(א)וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל רְאוּ קָרָא ה' בְּשֵׁם בְּצַלְאֵל. ... אַתְּ מוֹצֵא שְׁלֹשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת נִקְרְאוּ לוֹ לְאָדָם, אֶחָד מַה שֶּׁקּוֹרְאִים לוֹ אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, וְאֶחָד מַה שֶּׁקּוֹרְאִין לוֹ בְּנֵי אָדָם, וְאֶחָד מַה שֶּׁקּוֹנֶה הוּא לְעַצְמוֹ. טוֹב מִכֻּלָּן מַה שֶּׁקּוֹנֶה הוּא לְעַצְמוֹ.
(1) And Moses said unto the children of Israel: “See, the Lord hath called by name Bezalel the son of Uri” (Exod. 35:30). ... You find that a man is known by three names: the name by which his father and mother call him, the name by which other men call him, and the one he earns for himself; the most important name is the one he earns for himself.
So 'changing our name' can mean not to live up to our name, to betray our identity, not to strive to have a good character, not to live up to our potential.
The Hasidic master Rabbi Zusha of Hanipol (1718-1800) was one of the disciples of the Maggid of Mezeritch. The story is told that, "When Rabbi Zusha was on his deathbed, his students found him in uncontrollable tears. They tried to comfort him by telling him that he was almost as wise as Moses and as kind as Abraham, so he was sure to be judged positively in Heaven. He replied, "When I get to Heaven, I will not be asked Why weren't you like Moses, or Why weren't you like Abraham. They will ask, Why weren't you like Zusha?" Why didn't he fully live up to his own potential?[6]. " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zusha_of_Hanipol
We can ask ourselves: Am I being true to my name? Am I Ari, am I Shmuel, am I David?

(ד) מִדַּרְכֵי הַתְּשׁוּבָה לִהְיוֹת הַשָּׁב צוֹעֵק תָּמִיד לִפְנֵי הַשֵּׁם בִּבְכִי וּבְתַחֲנוּנִים וְעוֹשֶׂה צְדָקָה כְּפִי כֹּחוֹ וּמִתְרַחֵק הַרְבֵּה מִן הַדָּבָר שֶׁחָטָא בּוֹ וּמְשַׁנֶּה שְׁמוֹ כְּלוֹמַר אֲנִי אַחֵר וְאֵינִי אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ שֶׁעָשָׂה אוֹתָן הַמַּעֲשִׂים וּמְשַׁנֶּה מַעֲשָׂיו כֻּלָּן לְטוֹבָה וּלְדֶרֶךְ יְשָׁרָה וְגוֹלֶה מִמְּקוֹמוֹ. שֶׁגָּלוּת מְכַפֶּרֶת עָוֹן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁגּוֹרֶמֶת לוֹ לְהִכָּנַע וְלִהְיוֹת עָנָו וּשְׁפַל רוּחַ:

(4) Among the paths of repentance is for the penitent to
a) constantly call out before God, crying and entreating;
b) to perform charity according to his potential;
c) to separate himself far from the object of his sin;
d) to change his name, as if to say "I am a different person and not the same one who sinned;"
e) to change his behavior in its entirety to the good and the path of righteousness; and f) to travel in exile from his home. Exile atones for sin because it causes a person to be submissive, humble, and meek of spirit.

What’s the Truth About…the Jews in Egypt Keeping Their Jewish Names, Language and Dress?
RABBI DR. ARI Z. ZIVOTOFSKY
The Significance of a Jewish Name
Regarding the Midrash’s mention of Jewish names, Kli Yakar (Shemot 1:2) understands it to refer specifically to the names of the Twelve Tribes, names that each referenced the redemption, and thus not as a general mandate for future generations to use specifically “Jewish” names....
In a recent teshuvah, Rabbi Asher Weiss (Minchat Asher, Shemot, p. 2), demonstrates (based on Gittin 11b) that in the time of Chazal, most Jews outside of the Land of Israel had non-Jewish names
https://jewishaction.com/religion/jewish-law/whats-the-truth-about-the-jewish-in-egypt-keeping-their-jewish-names-language-and-dress/