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Parashat HaShavua 5782: Eikev
(כה) פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן בָּאֵ֑שׁ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹד֩ כֶּ֨סֶף וְזָהָ֤ב עֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ לָ֔ךְ פֶּ֚ן תִּוָּקֵ֣שׁ בּ֔וֹ כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יי אֱלֹקֶ֖יךָ הֽוּא׃ (כו) וְלֹא־תָבִ֤יא תֽוֹעֵבָה֙ אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ חֵ֖רֶם כָּמֹ֑הוּ שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛נּוּ וְתַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖נּוּ כִּי־חֵ֥רֶם הֽוּא׃ {פ}

(25) You shall burn the images of their gods with fire; you shall not covet the silver and gold on them and keep it for yourselves, lest you be ensnared thereby; for that is abhorrent to your God the LORD. (26) You must not bring an abhorrent thing into your house, or you will be accursed like it; you shall utterly reject it and utterly abhor it, for it is accursed.

(כה) צַלְמֵי טַעֲוַותְהוֹן תּוֹקְדוּן בְּנוּרָא לָא תְחַמְדוּן כַּסְפָּא וְדַהֲבָא דַּעֲלֵיהוֹן וְתִסְבוּן לְכוֹן דִּלְמָא תִתַּקְלוּן בְּהוֹן אֲרוּם מְרָחֵק קֳדָם יי אֱלָהָכוֹן הוּא (כו) וְלָא תֵיעֲלוּן רִיחוּקֵי טַעֲוָותָא וְתִשְׁמִישָׁתָא לְבָתֵּיכוֹן דְּלָא תֶהֱווֹן שְׁמִיתִין כְּוַותְהוֹן שִׁיקְצָא תְּשַׁקְצִינוּן הֵיךְ סָאִיב שִׁיקְצָא וְרִיחֲקָא תְּרַחֲקִינוּן מְטוּל דְּשַׁמְתִּין הִינוּן

(25) You shall burn their images with fire, nor desire the silver and gold that may be upon them, nor take them, lest through them you offend, for they are an abomination before the Lord your God. (26) Neither may you bring their abominable idols or their service vessels into your houses, that you be not accursed as they but you shall utterly loathe them as a loathsome reptile, and abhor them altogether, because they are accursed.

(לב) וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ ל֛וֹ לְבַדּ֖וֹ וְלָהֶ֣ם לְבַדָּ֑ם וְלַמִּצְרִ֞ים הָאֹכְלִ֤ים אִתּוֹ֙ לְבַדָּ֔ם כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוּכְל֜וּן הַמִּצְרִ֗ים לֶאֱכֹ֤ל אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִים֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּי־תוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לְמִצְרָֽיִם׃

(32) They served [Joseph] by himself, and them by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves; for the Egyptians could not dine with the Hebrews, since that would be abhorrent to the Egyptians.

וְשַׁוִיוּ לֵיהּ בִּלְחוֹדוֹי וּלְהוֹן בִּלְחוֹדֵיהוֹן וּלְמִצְרָאֵי דְאָכְלִין עִמֵיהּ בִּלְחוֹדֵיהוֹן אֲרוּם לָא כַשְׁרִין מִצְרָאֵי לְמֵיכוֹל עִם יְהוּדָאֵי לַחְמָא אֲרוּם בְּעִירָא דְמִצְרָאֵי דַחְלִין לֵיהּ יְהוּדָאֵי אָכְלִין

And they set for [Joseph] by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves; for it was not proper for the Egyptians to eat bread with the Hebrews, because the animals which the Egyptians worshipped the Hebrews ate.

(לג) וְהָיָ֕ה כִּֽי־יִקְרָ֥א לָכֶ֖ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְאָמַ֖ר מַה־מַּעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם׃ (לד) וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁ֨י מִקְנֶ֜ה הָי֤וּ עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ מִנְּעוּרֵ֣ינוּ וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה גַּם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ גַּם־אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ בַּעֲב֗וּר תֵּשְׁבוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֔שֶׁן כִּֽי־תוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם כׇּל־רֹ֥עֵה צֹֽאן׃

(33) So when Pharaoh summons you and asks, ‘What is your occupation?’ (34) you shall answer, ‘Your servants have been breeders of livestock from the start until now, both we and our fathers’—so that you may stay in the region of Goshen. For all shepherds are abhorrent to Egyptians.”

(כא) וַיִּקְרָ֣א פַרְעֹ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְכ֛וּ זִבְח֥וּ לֵאלֹֽקֵיכֶ֖ם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ (כב) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה לֹ֤א נָכוֹן֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן כִּ֚י תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם נִזְבַּ֖ח לַיי אֱלֹקֵ֑ינוּ הֵ֣ן נִזְבַּ֞ח אֶת־תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א יִסְקְלֻֽנוּ׃

(21) Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go and sacrifice to your God within the land.” (22) But Moses replied, “It would not be right to do this, for what we sacrifice to our God the LORD is abhorrent to the Egyptians. If we sacrifice that which is abhorrent to the Egyptians before their very eyes, will they not stone us!"

כי תועבת מצרים. י"מ כי משה כתב כן לגנות ע"ז אבל הוא אמר לפרעה אלהי מצרים ואמר כן על צורת טלה שהיו עובדים לו:
כי תועבת מצרים, “for it is an abomination in the eyes of the Egyptians;” some commentators claim that this line is a comment added to the Torah by Moses, seeing he wanted to take a swipe at idolatry. When confronting Pharaoh in person, Moses referred to their deities as אלוהי מצרים, and not as תועבה. The reason Moses was provoked to refer to the Egyptians’ deities by a derogatory term was that they worshipped the image of a lamb.
(כו) וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּ֗ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃ (כז) כִּ֚י אֶת־כׇּל־הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔ל עָשׂ֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַתִּטְמָ֖א הָאָֽרֶץ׃
(26) But you must keep My laws and My rules, and you must not do any of those abhorrent things, neither the citizen nor the stranger who resides among you; (27) for all those abhorrent things were done by the people who were in the land before you, and the land became defiled.
(כו) וְלֹא־תָבִ֤יא תֽוֹעֵבָה֙ אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ חֵ֖רֶם כָּמֹ֑הוּ שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛נּוּ וְתַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖נּוּ כִּי־חֵ֥רֶם הֽוּא׃ {פ}

(26) You must not bring an abhorrent thing into your house, or you will be accursed like it; you shall utterly reject it and utterly abhor it, for it is accursed.

תתעבנו כי חרם הוא תתעב אותו הכסף והזהב של תועבה.
תתעבנו כי חרם הוא, you must treat that silver and gold as if it were an abomination;
ושם אלהים אחרים לא תזכירו שלא תעשנו בית ועד. לא יאמר היכן אתה שרוי, במקום עבודת אלילם פלונית. אתה ממתין לי אצל עבודת אלילים פלונית. רבי נתן אומר, הרי הוא אומר הבה נבנה לנו עיר (בראשית יא) ונאמר להלן שם ונאמר כאן שם. מה (להלן) [כאן] עבודת אלילים, אף (כאן) [להלן] עבודת אלילים. רבי אומר, ושם אלהים אחרים לא תזכירו לשבח. אבל לגנאי (תלמוד לומר), שקץ תשקצנו (דברים ז). עבודת אלילם נקראת בלשון (פגימה) [מגונה] חרם (שקץ) תועבה פסל מסכה אלילים תרפים עצבים גלולים שקוצים (חמנים). אבל המקום קרוי לשון שבח, אל אלהים שדי צבאות אהיה אשר אהיה חנון ורחום ארך אפים ורב חסד ואמת (חסין) להגיד כי ישר ה' צורי ולא עולתה בו (תהלים צב).

"And the name of other gods you shall not mention": Do not make a meeting house for him, or determine where he lives by reference to (a locale of) idolatry, or arrange to meet him by a certain idol. R. Nathan says: It is written (Genesis 11:4) "Come, let us build for ourselves a city … and make for ourselves a name." Just as here "name" is identified with idolatry, so, there, "name" connotes idolatry. Rebbi says: "And the name of other gods you shall not mention" — in praise. But (you do mention it) in derogation, viz. (Devarim 7:26) "Abominate shall you abominate it." Idolatry is mentioned in derogation: "cherem," "sheketz," "toevah," "pesel," "masechah," "elilim," terafim," "atzabim," "gilulim," "shikutzim." But the Lord is mentioned in praise: "Kel," "Elokim," "Shakkai," "Tzevakoth," "Ehyeh asher Ehyeh," "Chanun," "Rachum," "Erech Apayim," "Rav chesed ve'emeth." (Psalms 92:16) "to say that the Lord is just — my Rock, in whom there is no flaw."

וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל יַעֲקֹב שׁוּב אֶל אֶרֶץ אֲבוֹתֶיךָ. יְלַמְּדֵנוּ רַבֵּנוּ, נֵר שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו צוּרַת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, מַהוּ שֶׁיַּדְלִיק יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת הַנֵּר. כָּךְ שָׁנוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ, נֵר שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו צוּרַת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אָסוּר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַדְלִיק בּוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָבִיא תוֹעֵבָה וְגוֹ' (דברים ז, כו), שֶׁאֵין הַשְּׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה בְּבַיִת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ צוּרַת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בְּכָל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר אֶת שְׁמִי וְגוֹ' (שמות כ, כא). תֵּדַע לְךָ, שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁהָיָה אַבְרָהָם דָּבוּק לְלוֹט, לֹא הָיָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא נִגְלֶה עָלָיו. כֵּיוָן שֶׁפֵּרַשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, נִגְלָה עָלָיו. מִנַּיִן, אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן פְּדָת מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יוֹסִי בֶן זִמְרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַה' אָמַר אֶל אַבְרָם, אֵימָתַי, אַחֲרֵי הִפָּרֶד לוֹט מֵעִמּוֹ (בראשית יג, יד).

And the Lord said unto Jacob: “Return unto the land of thy fathers” (Gen. 31:3). May it please our master to teach us whether an Israelite may light a candle with another candle upon which is engraved an idolatrous symbol? Thus did our masters teach us: An Israelite is forbidden to light a candle with another candle upon which an idolatrous symbol is engraved. This is in accordance with the verse And thou shalt not bring an abomination into thy house (Deut. 7:26). The Shekhinah does not rest in a home in which there is an idolatrous symbol, as is said: In every place where I cause My name to be mentioned I will come unto thee (Exod. 20:21). A proof of this is that as long as Lot remained with Abraham, the Holy One, blessed be He, did not appear to him, but after Lot’s departure, He did reveal Himself to him. Whence do we know this to be so? R. Eleazar the son of Pedat said in the name of R. Yossi the son of Zimra: We know this from the verse And the Lord said unto Abraham (Gen. 13:14). When did this occur? After Lot departed from him (ibid.).

(יד) וַֽיי אָמַ֣ר אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם אַחֲרֵי֙ הִפָּֽרֶד־ל֣וֹט מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹ שָׂ֣א נָ֤א עֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ וּרְאֵ֔ה מִן־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה שָׁ֑ם צָפֹ֥נָה וָנֶ֖גְבָּה וָקֵ֥דְמָה וָיָֽמָּה׃ (טו) כִּ֧י אֶת־כׇּל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה לְךָ֣ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וּֽלְזַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

(14) And the LORD said to Abram, after Lot had parted from him, “Raise your eyes and look out from where you are, to the north and south, to the east and west, (15) for I give all the land that you see to you and your offspring forever.

עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ וְתִקְרֹבֶת שֶׁלָּהּ וְכָל הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִּשְׁבִילָהּ אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ז כו) "וְלֹא תָבִיא תוֹעֵבָה אֶל בֵּיתֶךָ" וְכָל הַנֶּהֱנֶה בְּאֶחָד מִכָּל אֵלּוּ לוֹקֶה שְׁתַּיִם. אַחַת מִשּׁוּם וְלֹא תָבִיא. וְאַחַת מִשּׁוּם וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה מִן הַחֵרֶם:

Idolatry, its articles of service, that which is offered to it, and all that is made for its sake, nought thereof should be enjoyed, even as it is said: "And thou shalt not bring an abomination into thy house" (Deuteronomy 7.26); and whosoever enjoys aught of one of these gets lashes twice; once, because it is said: "Thou shalt not bring" and once more because it is said: "Let nothing that has been cursed cling to your hand" (Deuteronomy 13.18).

(יח) וְלֹֽא־יִדְבַּ֧ק בְּיָדְךָ֛ מְא֖וּמָה מִן־הַחֵ֑רֶם לְמַ֩עַן֩ יָשׁ֨וּב יי מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ וְנָֽתַן־לְךָ֤ רַחֲמִים֙ וְרִֽחַמְךָ֣ וְהִרְבֶּ֔ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃

(18) Let nothing that has been cursed cling to your hand, in order that the LORD may turn from the fierceness of his anger and show you compassion, and in compassion multiply your numbers as sworn to your fathers.

(א) למען ישוב יי מחרון אפו. שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁעֲ"זָ בָעוֹלָם חֲרוֹן אַף בָּעוֹלָם

(1) למען ישוב יי מחרון אף THAT THE LORD MAY TURN FROM THE FIERCENESS OF HIS WRATH — for as long as idol-worship exists in the world the fierce wrath of God is kindled against the world.

עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ וְכָל הַתִּקְרֹבֶת שֶׁלָּהּ אוֹסְרִים בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן. כֵּיצַד. עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְּצוּרוֹת שֶׁל נוֹי אֲפִלּוּ אַחַת בְּכַמָּה אֲלָפִים יוֹלִיךְ הַכּל לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. וְכֵן אִם נִתְעָרֵב כּוֹס שֶׁל עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים בְּכַמָּה כּוֹסוֹת אוֹ חֲתִיכָה מִן הַבָּשָׂר (שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה) בְּכַמָּה חֲתִיכוֹת יוֹלִיךְ הַכּל לְיָם הַמֶּלַח. וְכֵן עוֹר לָבוּב שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בְּכַמָּה עוֹרוֹת הַכּל אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. עָבַר וּמָכַר עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים אוֹ אֶחָד מִמְּשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ אוֹ תִּקְרֹבֶת שֶׁלָּהּ הֲרֵי הַדָּמִים אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה וְאוֹסְרִין בְּכָל שֶׁהֵן כַּעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ז כו) "וְהָיִיתָ חֵרֶם כָּמֹהוּ" כָּל מַה שֵּׁאַתָּה מֵבִיא מֵעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמִכָּל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ וְתִקְרָבְתָּהּ הֲרֵי הִיא כָּמוֹהָ:

Idolatry, everything used in its service, and everything that is made for its sake, even a particle thereof renders everything it is mingled with and its identity lost therein forbidden property. For example? An idol which was mixed up with figures of beauty, even one in many thousands, all of it must be cast in the Dead Sea. Likewise if a cup of idolatry was mixed up with many other cups, or a piece of idolatrous meat in many pieces of other meat must be cast in the Dead Sea. Likewise if a hide was mixed up with many other hides, all become forbidden property. If one did transgress and sold idolatry, or an article used in its service, or that which is made for its sake, even the proceeds thereof is forbidden property and a particle thereof renders all other things wherewith it is mixed up forbidden property, for it is as idolatry itself, even as it is said: "Nor take it unto thee, lest thou be desolate as itself" (Deut. 7.25); herefrom you deduct that everything you take in from idolatry from the things which are for its service, and from that which it is made for its use is like unto itself.