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Like Clay: Humans as the Destroyers and Creators

כִּי הִנֵּה כַּחֹֽמֶר בְּיַד הַיּוֹצֵר. בִּרְצוֹתוֹ מַרְחִיב וּבִרְצוֹתוֹ מְקַצֵּר. כֵּן אֲנַֽחְנוּ בְּיָדְךָ חֶֽסֶד נוֹצֵר. לַבְּרִית הַבֵּט וְאַל תֵּֽפֶן לַיֵּֽצֶר:

כִּי הִנֵּה כָאֶֽבֶן בְּיַד הַמְּסַתֵּת. בִּרְצוֹתוֹ אוֹחֵז וּבִרְצוֹתוֹ מְכַתֵּת. כֵּן אֲנַֽחְנוּ בְּיָדְךָ מְחַיֶּה וּמְמוֹתֵת. לַבְּרִית הַבֵּט וְאַל תֵּֽפֶן לַיֵּֽצֶר:

כִּי הִנֵּה כַגַּרְזֶן בְּיַד הֶחָרָשׁ. בִּרְצוֹתוֹ דִּבֵּק לָאוֹר וּבִרְצוֹתוֹ פֵּרַשׁ. כֵּן אֲנַֽחְנוּ בְּיָדְךָ תּוֹמֵךְ עָנִי וָרָשׁ. לַבְּרִית הַבֵּט וְאַל תֵּֽפֶן לַיֵּֽצֶר:

כִּי הִנֵּה כַהֶֽגֶה בְּיַד הַמַּלָּח. בִּרְצוֹתוֹ אוֹחֵז וּבִרְצוֹתוֹ שִׁלַּח. כֵּן אֲנַֽחְנוּ בְּיָדְךָ אֵל טוֹב וְסַלָּח. לַבְּרִית הַבֵּט וְאַל תֵּֽפֶן לַיֵּֽצֶר:

כִּי הִנֵּה כַזְּכוּכִית בְּיַד הַמְזַגֵּג. בִּרְצוֹתוֹ חוֹגֵג וּבִרְצוֹתוֹ מְמוֹגֵג. כֵּן אֲנַֽחְנוּ בְּיָדְךָ מַעֲבִיר זָדוֹן וְשׁוֹגֵג. לַבְּרִית הַבֵּט וְאַל תֵּֽפֶן לַיֵּֽצֶר:

כִּי הִנֵּה כַיְרִיעָה בְּיַד הָרוֹקֵם. בִּרְצוֹתוֹ מְיַשֵּׁר וּבִרְצוֹתוֹ מְעַקֵּם. כֵּן אֲנַֽחְנוּ בְּיָדְךָ אֵל קַנֹּא וְנוֹקֵם. לַבְּרִית הַבֵּט וְאַל תֵּֽפֶן לַיֵּֽצֶר:

כִּי הִנֵּה כַכֶּֽסֶף בְּיַד הַצּוֹרֵף. בִּרְצוֹתוֹ מְסַגְסֵג וּבִרְצוֹתוֹ מְצָרֵף. כֵּן אֲנַֽחְנוּ בְּיָדְךָ מַמְצִיא לְמָזוֹר תֶּֽרֶף. לַבְּרִית הַבֵּט וְאַל תֵּֽפֶן לַיֵּֽצֶר:

As clay in the hand of the potter, who thickens or things it at will, so are we in Your hand, Guardian of love;

Look to the covenant and overlook our sin.

As stone in the hand of the mason, who preserves or breaks it at will, so are we in Your hand, God of life and death;

Look to the covenant and overlook our sin.

As iron in the hand of the blacksmith, who forges or withdraws it at will, so are we in Your hand, Support of the poor;

Look to the covenant and overlook our sin.

As the helm in the hand of the sailor, who holds the course or abandons it at will, so are we in Your hand, good and forgiving God.

Look to the covenant and overlook our sin.

As glass in the hand of the glazier, who shapes or melts it at will, so are we in Your hand, pardoner of sin and transgression;

Look to the covenant and overlook our sin.

As cloth in the hand of the draper, who drapes or twists it at will, so are we in Your hand, righteous God;

Look to the covenant and overlook our sin.

As silver in the hand of the smelter, who alloys or refines it at will, so are we in your hand, Healer of wounds;

Look to the covenant and overlook our sin.

1. Imagine yourself in the position of each of these kinds of artisans... Which of these creator metaphors - if any - speak to you?

2. Notice how the names of God change based on the type of artisan mentioned (i.e., Potter = Guardian of Love; Mason = God of Life and Death). What connections do you see here between the artisan and the aspect of God that's emphasized?

3. Are there any of these metaphors that resonate with how you show up in the world as a creator yourself?

Questions to explore together:

What are the Divine methods or attributes of creation/destruction that we see in the following texts?

Which of these could we see ourselves practicing in our own lives? What might that look like?

(א) בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹקִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ב) וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹקִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ (ג) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹקִ֖ים יְהִ֣י א֑וֹר וַֽיְהִי־אֽוֹר׃ (ד) וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹקִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר כִּי־ט֑וֹב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹקִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֥ין הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ (ה) וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹקִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ {פ}

(1) When God began to create heaven and earth— (2) the earth being unformed and void, with darkness over the surface of the deep and a wind from God sweeping over the water— (3) God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. (4) God saw that the light was good, and God separated the light from the darkness. (5) God called the light Day and called the darkness Night. And there was evening and there was morning, a first day.

(כד) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹקִ֗ים תּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ נֶ֤פֶשׁ חַיָּה֙ לְמִינָ֔הּ בְּהֵמָ֥ה וָרֶ֛מֶשׂ וְחַֽיְתוֹ־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמִינָ֑הּ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ (כה) וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹקִים֩ אֶת־חַיַּ֨ת הָאָ֜רֶץ לְמִינָ֗הּ וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ לְמִינָ֔הּ וְאֵ֛ת כׇּל־רֶ֥מֶשׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֖ה לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹקִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ (כו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹקִ֔ים נַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֛ם בְּצַלְמֵ֖נוּ כִּדְמוּתֵ֑נוּ וְיִרְדּוּ֩ בִדְגַ֨ת הַיָּ֜ם וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּבְכׇל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְכׇל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָֽרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (כז) וַיִּבְרָ֨א אֱלֹקִ֤ים ׀ אֶת־הָֽאָדָם֙ בְּצַלְמ֔וֹ בְּצֶ֥לֶם אֱלֹקִ֖ים בָּרָ֣א אֹת֑וֹ זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה בָּרָ֥א אֹתָֽם׃

(24) God said, “Let the earth bring forth every kind of living creature: cattle, creeping things, and wild beasts of every kind.” And it was so. (25) God made wild beasts of every kind and cattle of every kind, and all kinds of creeping things of the earth. And God saw that this was good.

(26) And God said, “Let us make humankind in our image, after our likeness. They shall rule the fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, the cattle, the whole earth, and all the creeping things that creep on earth.”


(27) And God created humankind in the divine image,
creating it in the image of God—
creating them male and female.

(ה) וַיַּ֣רְא ה' כִּ֥י רַבָּ֛ה רָעַ֥ת הָאָדָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְכׇל־יֵ֙צֶר֙ מַחְשְׁבֹ֣ת לִבּ֔וֹ רַ֥ק רַ֖ע כׇּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ (ו) וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם ה' כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּתְעַצֵּ֖ב אֶל־לִבּֽוֹ׃ (ז) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ה' אֶמְחֶ֨ה אֶת־הָאָדָ֤ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָ֙אתִי֙ מֵעַל֙ פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה מֵֽאָדָם֙ עַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה עַד־רֶ֖מֶשׂ וְעַד־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם כִּ֥י נִחַ֖מְתִּי כִּ֥י עֲשִׂיתִֽם׃

(5) God saw how great was human wickedness on earth—how every plan devised by the human mind was nothing but evil all the time. (6) And God regretted having made humankind on earth. With a sorrowful heart, (7) God said, “I will blot out from the earth humankind whom I created—humans together with beasts, creeping things, and birds of the sky; for I regret that I made them.”

(ז) אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן, יְהִי עֶרֶב אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן, אֶלָּא וַיְהִי עֶרֶב, מִכָּאן שֶׁהָיָה סֵדֶר זְמַנִּים קֹדֶם לָכֵן. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיָה בּוֹרֵא עוֹלָמוֹת וּמַחֲרִיבָן, עַד שֶׁבָּרָא אֶת אֵלּוּ, אָמַר דֵּין הַנְיָן לִי, יַתְהוֹן לָא הַנְיָן לִי. אָמַר רַבִּי פִּנְחָס טַעְמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אַבָּהוּ (בראשית א, לא): וַיַּרְא אֱלֹקִים אֶת כָּל אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וְהִנֵּה טוֹב מְאֹד, דֵּין הַנְיָין לִי יַתְהוֹן לָא הַנְיָין לִי.

(7) Rabbi Judah bar Simon said: it does not say, ‘Let there be evening,’ but ‘And it was evening.’ Hence we derive that there was a time-system prior to this. Rabbi Abbahu said: This teaches us that God created worlds and destroyed them, saying, ‘This one pleases me; those did not please me.’ Rabbi Pinhas said, Rabbi Abbahu derives this from the verse, ‘And God saw all that He had made, and behold it was very good,’ as if to say, ‘This one pleases me, those others did not please me.’

Based on the above midrash (Bereshit Rabbah 3:7), Rabbi Natan Tzvi Finkel of Slobodka (Ohr HaTzafun, p. 71, 19th century):
"We are forced to say that also in the destruction of the worlds there is great wisdom, and from this wisdom emerged the world that exists.”
R' Avi Strausberg, "The Wisdom of Destroying Worlds: A D'var Torah for Parshat Noach" (October 2021)
In the beginning, there was nothingness. And then God took to creating the world. God separated light from darkness, day from night, water from dry land. And a vision of a livable earth was called into existence. And God was pleased with it. With each act of creation, with each move towards an ordered existence that could sustain life, God saw that it was good.
Until it was no longer good. God saw the wickedness that spread throughout the earth. A world lacking in decency and kindness. And God regretted this world that God created. (Genesis 6:5-6)
Just as God created the world, God saw fit to destroy the world. Just as the world began in chaos, God plunged the world back into chaos, a return to a wilderness of water, wind, and darkness.
Noah’s flood blotted out all life from the face of the earth. The world to which Noah and his fellow ark dwellers re-emerged was a world nearly unrecognizable. They would have to begin again.
Genesis Rabbah teaches that the flood was not the first time God created a world only to destroy it. Rather, in God’s efforts to produce a viable world, God created and destroyed many worlds. According to the midrash, after many attempts at creation, finally God arrived at our world and said, “This one pleases me; the others did not please me” (Genesis Rabbah 3:7). On the ruins of all of the destroyed worlds, God builds something that is fit to stand.
Based on this midrash, 19th century thinker Rabbi Natan Tzvi Finkel of Slobodka teaches, “We are forced to say that also in the destruction of the worlds there is great wisdom, and from this wisdom emerged the world that exists.” (Ohr HaTzafun, p. 71) This lesson runs contrary to what we instinctively believe, that destruction marks the end of something. We mourn the loss of the thing that came before; it is difficult for us to imagine a way forward out of the wreckage. Rabbi Finkel teaches us that, rather than seeing destruction simply as ruins, we must also look for the wisdom contained within destruction.
Not only God has the power to create out of destruction; we, like God, are gifted this same ability — to find wisdom in the ruins and to create worlds on the backs of those destroyed. Rabbi Finkel writes: “This is what it means for the likeness of humanity to be created in the likeness of God.” (Ohr HaTzafun, p. 72) To be created in God’s image means that we, like God, have the power to create and to re-create, to rebuild when there has been destruction.
In a year in which we’ve suffered so much loss, in which we’ve witnessed the destruction of so many worlds, this teaching calls on us to see ourselves in God’s image, to not only build worlds worthy of establishment but to destroy worlds that are not fit to stand. What did the pandemic that wreaked havoc across an entire globe teach us about our world pre-pandemic? What weaknesses were exposed? What fault lines were revealed? While we may mourn the losses that came with the destruction of these worlds, we are called to build again. We are encouraged to see ourselves as builders and creators, capable of new beginnings.
But how do we build worlds out of the ruins? In another essay, Rabbi Finkel teaches that the world was built on chesed, loving-kindness. He writes,
All of the lower and upper worlds… were created with the attribute of chesed, and with chesed all of creation was formed. Because a person is obligated to be similar to God in all of God’s attributes, so too it is upon a person to create worlds like God, as it is taught, ‘Be similar to God. Just as God is merciful and compassionate, so too you should be merciful and compassionate. (Ohr HaTzafun, p. 9)
Just as God creates with wisdom out of destruction, so, too, we must build new worlds that are more just, more elevated than the ones that came before. Just as God creates worlds built upon chesed, so, too, we must create through chesed.
The past year and a half has brought with it the destruction of many worlds that we may have loved and taken for granted. For many months, we found ourselves cut off from our family and friends, facing experiences of work and community drastically different from those to which we were accustomed. But now is the moment to begin rebuilding. We have the opportunity to reconstitute these worlds; the way to do so is through acts of chesed. Acts of chesed imbue us with hope. They help us imagine that there might be a path forward. They tether us together more tightly, one act of caring at a time...
As you look forward to the months of rebuilding to come, ask yourself: How will you help to rebuild? What acts of chesed, what possibility and hope will you bring to the world? How will you be like God?

(ב) חַֽסְדֵ֣י ה' עוֹלָ֣ם אָשִׁ֑ירָה לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֓ר ׀ אוֹדִ֖יעַ אֱמוּנָתְךָ֣ בְּפִֽי׃ (ג) כִּֽי־אָמַ֗רְתִּי ע֭וֹלָם חֶ֣סֶד יִבָּנֶ֑ה שָׁמַ֓יִם ׀ תָּכִ֖ן אֱמוּנָתְךָ֣ בָהֶֽם׃

(2) I will sing of the LORD’s steadfast love forever; to all generations I will proclaim Your faithfulness with my mouth.

(3) I declare, “Olam Chesed Yibaneh - the world is built through lovingkindness; there in the heavens You establish Your faithfulness.”

Adrienne Rich, "All I Cannot Save"
My heart is moved by all I cannot save
so much has been destroyed
I have to cast my lot with those
who age after age, perversely
with no extraordinary power
reconstitute the world.

(ב) עד שלא נברא העולם, היה הקדוש ברוך הוא ושמו הגדול בלבד, ועלה במחשבה לברוא את העולם, והיה מחריט את העולם לפניו ולא היה עומד. משלו משל למה הדבר דומה, למלך שהוא רוצה לבנות פלטרים שלו, אם אינו מחריט בארץ יסודותיו ומובאיו ומוצאיו, אינו מתחיל לבנות, כך הקדוש ברוך הוא החריט לפניו את העולם ולא היה עומד עד שברא את התשובה.

(ג) שבעה דברים נבראו עד שלא נברא העולם, ואלו הן, תורה וגיהנם וגן עדן וכסא הכבוד ובית המקדש ותשובה ושמו של משיח.

(2) Before the world was created, the Holy One, blessed be God, with God's Name alone existed, and the thought arose in God to create the world. God began to trace (the foundations of) the world before Godself, but it would not stand. They told a parable, To what is the matter like? To a king who wishes to build a palace for himself. If he had not traced in the earth its foundations, its exits and its entrances, he does not begin to build. Likewise the Holy One, blessed be God, was tracing (the plans of) the world before Godself, but it did not remain standing until God created repentance.

(3) Seven things were created before the world was created. They are: The Torah, Gehinnom, the Garden of Eden, the Throne of Glory, the Temple, Teshuvah (Repentance), and the Name of the Messiah.

Rabbi Dr. Aryeh Cohen:
There is a midrash that says that teshuvah or returning was created before the world was created. Sit with that for a minute. Before there was a universe in which humans could stumble, before there were relationships which could go right but could go wrong; there was the ability to right wrongs, to straighten that which was bent.
Teshuvah is, according to the imagination of this rabbinic understanding, part of the very fabric of the universe. The same midrashic mythmaker also relates that before there was anything there was only G-d. G-d thought of creating a world but every time she thought a world into creation G-d would destroy that world until she created teshuvah. It was teshuvah—the possibility that not being perfect does not inexorably lead to not being—that allowed the world to exist.