Unit 1(J): The Meanings of Shofar Rabbinic Interpretations, Part 1 "Sighing and Crying"

שִׁיעוּר תְּרוּעָה כִּשְׁלֹשׁ יְבָבוֹת. וְהָתַנְיָא: שִׁיעוּר תְּרוּעָה כִּשְׁלֹשָׁה שְׁבָרִים!

"The length of a teru'ah sound is equal to three sobbing cries." (Mishnah R. H. 4:9). But it is taught in a baraita: "The length of a teru'ah sound is equal to three broken sighs."

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי... דִּכְתִיב: ״יוֹם תְּרוּעָה יִהְיֶה לָכֶם״, וּמְתַרְגְּמִינַן: ״יוֹם יַבָּבָא יְהֵא לְכוֹן״.

וּכְתִיב בְּאִימֵּיהּ דְּסִיסְרָא: ״בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן נִשְׁקְפָה וַתְּיַבֵּב אֵם סִיסְרָא״. מָר סָבַר גַּנּוֹחֵי גַּנַּח. וּמָר סָבַר יַלּוֹלֵי יַלֵּיל.

Abaye said: ....As it is written, "It [the first of day of the seventh month] shall be a day of teru'ah for you" (Numbers 29:1). And the Aramaic translation [of that verse] is, "It shall be a day of yebava to you." [But what does yebava mean exactly? It's from a very rare root in Hebrew.]

Now, about Sisera's mother it is written, "Sisera's mother looked out through her window vateyabev [using the same verb root as above, appearing only once in Tanakh]" (Judges 5:28). One Tanna thinks [the verb י–ב–ב in Judges means] to be deeply sighing. And the other Tanna thinks, to be heavily sobbing.

Study Questions on R. H. 33b
**Background: This Talmudic passage is both helping to define the mitzvah of shofar blowing (what sounds do we make), and also (I believe) suggests ideas for what the blowing symbolizes.
In this period, the Torah used to be read in Hebrew and was then translated, verse by verse, into Aramaic, the common language of most Jews at the time. The standard Aramaic translation was also used to help interpret and explain the Torah.
"Sisera" was a Canaanite general who led a losing battle against the Israelites in the early days of the "Judges," before there was an Israelite king. Sisera tried to escape when his army was routed, but ended up getting killed by a woman named Yael. The Israelites recite a poem in Judges 5, celebrating their victory, which describes Sisera's mother waiting anxiously for her son to come home from the battle.**
1. In Text #1 above, what problem is the Talmud raising or noticing?
2. In Text #2: Abaye is an Amora, a later Rabbi within the Talmudic era (after c. 220 CE). Here he's explaining the teachings of earlier Rabbis, Tanna'im. What texts does Abaye think the opinion in the quoted mishnah is based on? What texts does Abaye think the opinion in the quoted baraita is based on?
3. Review: What do we call this kind of disagreement between two Rabbinic opinions (in Hebrew)?
4. In your own words, summarize how Abaye figures out that a shofar sound involves either sobbing or sighing.
5. According to Abaye, which Tanna thinks yebava is sighing? Which Tanna thinks it's sobbing?
6. Try to state what difference it could make for the meaningof blowing the shofar if yebava means sighing or if it means sobbing? Why does it matter?
Rabbinic Terms to Learn (or Review):
שיעור / Shiur
תנא / Tanna
אמורא / Amora
תרגום / Targum
כתיּב / K'tiv
סברה / Sevara
אגדה / Aggadah