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Torah In Bloom: Tikkun Leil Shavuot 5782
The Holiday of Flowers
אסור להתענות במוצאי חג השבועות: הגה ... ונוהגין לשטוח עשבים בשבועות בבית הכנסת והבתים זכר לשמחת מתן תורה
It is prohibited to fast immediately after the holiday of Shavuot. Ramah: ...We have the custom to spread out plants on Shavuot in the synagogue and in houses, as a memory for the happiness of the receiving of the Torah.
Rabbi Yuspe Shamesh (Worms, d. 1678)
They cover the floor of the synagogues and the houses with grasses before Minhah, and they put on top of and on the sides of the Holy Ark and on the tower [the Torah reading tower] lilies and flowers and grasses which smell good. And for every Haver and for every Parnass one lily on his seat in the synagogue, and to a Moreinu two lilies, and to the Av Bet Din many, as many as the shamesh wants. And if Shavuot falls on Sunday, they cover the floors and they put the lilies on the Friday before.
Jewish Customs in Muslim Lands
Rabbi Hayyim Falache (Izmir, d. 1869) reports that one person would walk around the synagogue on Shavuot with a vial of rose water in his hand and let the worshippers smell it. And the scrupulous would put sweet-smelling lilies in their prayer books and tallit bags.
Rabbi Eliyahu Hazzan reports that in Alexandria, Egypt in 1894 they used to spread grasses on Shavuot and Simhat Torah in memory of the Giving of the Torah.
The Jews of Persia call Shavuot Modeh Gol, which is a corruption of Mo’ed Gol, “the holiday of flowers” because they decorate the tables with sweet-smelling flowers.
Rabbi Shem Tov Gaguine reports that the custom in Eretz Yisrael, Syria, Turkey and Egypt to hang from the Rimonim [Torah decorations] some flowers and shoshanim [lilies].
Why do We Decorate Synagogues and Homes with Trees and Flowers in Honor of Shavuot? - The Schechter Institutes
Jenna Weissman Joselit, "How Jewish Confirmation Came of Age"
Pomp and circumstance rather than creed endeared confirmation to growing numbers of American Jewish parents and their offspring. Its pages overflowing with detail, the American Israelite noted how, with great relish, they took to the ceremony with its multiple “affirmations and declarations and bows,” elaborate musical arrangements, “pretty” speeches, and heaps of flowers everywhere, from the confirmands themselves, bedecked with boutonnieres and bouquets, to the sanctuary, which was transformed into a botanical garden of delights...
Where so much of Jewish ritual activity spoke of tradition, the weight of the past and the demands of responsibility, confirmation was as fresh as a daisy.
https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/community/articles/how-confirmation-came-of-age
From First Fruits to Flowers
(ג) הַקְּרוֹבִים מְבִיאִים הַתְּאֵנִים וְהָעֲנָבִים, וְהָרְחוֹקִים מְבִיאִים גְּרוֹגָרוֹת וְצִמּוּקִים. וְהַשּׁוֹר הוֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם, וְקַרְנָיו מְצֻפּוֹת זָהָב, וַעֲטֶרֶת שֶׁל זַיִת בְּרֹאשׁוֹ. הֶחָלִיל מַכֶּה לִפְנֵיהֶם, עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעִים קָרוֹב לִירוּשָׁלָיִם.
(3) Those who lived near [Jerusalem] would bring fresh figs and grapes, while those who lived far away would bring dried figs and raisins. An ox would go in front of them, his horns bedecked with gold and with an olive-crown on its head. The flute would play before them until they would draw close to Jerusalem.
Torah and Trees

בִּתְלָתָא אֲמַר לְהוּ מִצְוַת הַגְבָּלָה; בְּאַרְבְּעָה עֲבוּד פְּרִישָׁה. וְרַבָּנַן סָבְרִי — בִּתְרֵי בְּשַׁבָּא אִיקְּבַע יַרְחָא, בִּתְרֵי בְּשַׁבָּא לָא אֲמַר לְהוּ וְלָא מִידֵּי מִשּׁוּם חוּלְשָׁא דְאוֹרְחָא; בִּתְלָתָא אֲמַר לְהוּ: ״וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ לִי״

On the third day of the week, God said to them the mitzva of setting boundaries around Mount Sinai... On the third day of the week, God said to them: “And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation; these are the words that you shall speak to the children of Israel” (Exodus 19:6).

(יא) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים תַּֽדְשֵׁ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ דֶּ֗שֶׁא עֵ֚שֶׂב מַזְרִ֣יעַ זֶ֔רַע עֵ֣ץ פְּרִ֞י עֹ֤שֶׂה פְּרִי֙ לְמִינ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ (יב) וַתּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ דֶּ֠שֶׁא עֵ֣שֶׂב מַזְרִ֤יעַ זֶ֙רַע֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְעֵ֧ץ עֹֽשֶׂה־פְּרִ֛י אֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ (יג) וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שְׁלִישִֽׁי׃ {פ}
(11) And God said, “Let the earth sprout vegetation: seed-bearing plants, fruit trees of every kind on earth that bear fruit with the seed in it.” And it was so. (12) The earth brought forth vegetation: seed-bearing plants of every kind, and trees of every kind bearing fruit with the seed in it. And God saw that this was good. (13) And there was evening and there was morning, a third day.
(יח) עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים הִ֭יא לַמַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑הּ וְֽתֹמְכֶ֥יהָ מְאֻשָּֽׁר׃ {פ}
(18) She is a tree of life to those who grasp her,
And whoever holds on to her is happy.
Sweet Smells
רַבִּי עֲזַרְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַבִּי סִימוֹן, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ פַּרְדֵּס וְיָרְדוּ וְנָטְעוּ שׁוּרָה שֶׁל תְּאֵנִים וְשׁוּרָה שֶׁל גְּפָנִים וְשׁוּרָה שֶׁל רִמּוֹנִים וְשׁוּרָה שֶׁל תַּפּוּחִים, וּמְסָרוֹ לְאָרִיס וְהָלַךְ לוֹ. לְאַחַר יָמִים בָּא הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהֵצִיץ בַּפַּרְדֵּס לֵידַע מֶה עָשָׂה, וּמָצָא מָלֵא חוֹחִין וְדַרְדַּרִים, הֵבִיא קַצָּצִים לְקַצְּצוֹ, וְרָאָה בוֹ שׁוֹשַׁנָּה אַחַת שֶׁל וֶרֶד וּנְטָלָהּ וְהֵרִיחַ בָּהּ וְשָׁבַת נַפְשׁוֹ עָלָיו, אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ בִּשְׁבִיל שׁוֹשַׁנָּה זוֹ יִנָּצֵל הַפַּרְדֵּס. כָּךְ הָעוֹלָם לֹא נִבְרָא אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְאַחַר עֶשְׂרִים וְשִׁשָּׁה דוֹרוֹת הֵצִיץ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּעוֹלָמוֹ לִרְאוֹת מַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה... הֵבִיא קַצָּצִים לְקַצְּצוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים כט, י): יהוה לַמַּבּוּל יָשָׁב, וְרָאָה שׁוֹשַׁנָּה שֶׁל וֶרֶד, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וּנְטָלָהּ וְהֵרִיחַ בָּהּ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁסִּדְּרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת, וְשָׁבַת נַפְשׁוֹ עָלָיו, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל (שמות כד, ז): נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בִּשְׁבִיל שׁוֹשַׁנָּה זוֹ יִנָּצֵל הַפַּרְדֵּס, בִּזְכוּת הַתּוֹרָה וְלוֹמְדֶיהָ, יִנָּצֵל הָעוֹלָם.
Rabbi Azarya [said] in the name of Rabbi Yehuda that Rabbi Simon said: This is analogous to a king who had an orchard, and they descended and planted a row of fig trees, a row of grapevines, a row of pomegranate trees, and a row of apple trees. He entrusted it to a sharecropper and went. Some time later, the king came and peered at the orchard to ascertain what he had done, and he found it filled with thorns and briars. He brought cutters to cut it down, but he saw a rose in it and smelled it, and he was placated. The king said: Because of this rose, the orchard will be saved. So too, the world was created only for Israel. After twenty-six generations passed, the Blessed Holy One peered at the world to ascertain what it had done... God brought cutters to cut it, as it is stated: “The Eternal sat enthroned at the Flood” (Psalms 29:10). God saw a rose, this is, Israel; God took it and smelled it when Israel assented to the Ten Commandments, and God was placated. When Israel said: “We will perform and we will heed” (Exodus 24:7), the Blessed Holy One said: ‘Due to this rose, the orchard will be spared; due to the merit of the Torah and those who engage in its study, the world will be spared.’
וְאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, מַאי דִּכְתִיב: ״לְחָיָו כַּעֲרוּגַת הַבֹּשֶׂם״ — כׇּל דִּיבּוּר וְדִיבּוּר שֶׁיָּצָא מִפִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא נִתְמַלֵּא כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ בְּשָׂמִים... (אַל תִּקְרֵי ״שׁוֹשַׁנִּים״, אֶלָּא ״שֶׁשּׁוֹנִים״).
And Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “His cheeks are as a bed of spices, as banks of sweet herbs, his lips are lilies/roses [shoshanim] dripping with flowing myrrh” (Song of Songs 5:13)? From each and every utterance that emerged from the mouth of the Holy One, Blessed be God, the entire world was filled with fragrant spices... Do not read the word shoshanim; rather, as sheshonim, meaning repeat. Each repeat utterance produced its own fragrance.
Shushan (the city) and Shoshanah (the rose)
Philip Goodman in The Shavuot Anthology (JPS, 1974),
"Roses were the most favorite among the flowers used on Shavuot. The verse 'And the decree (dat) was proclaimed in Shushan' (Esther 8:14) was interpreted to mean that the Law was given with a rose (shoshan)." (Goodman, 87).
(יד) הָרָצִ֞ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים יָ֥צְא֛וּ מְבֹהָלִ֥ים וּדְחוּפִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃ {ס}
(14) The couriers, mounted on royal steeds, went out in urgent haste at the king’s command; and the decree/law/religion was proclaimed in Shushan the capital.

תורה שאמרו רז"ל (שבת פח, א) ויתיצבו בתחתית ההר, מלמד שכפה עליהם הר כגיגית כו', מכאן מודעא רבא כו', עד הדר קבלוה בימי אחשורוש. הרי שעד כאן היתה התורה באונס, ועתה קבלוה ברצון, זהו היתה אורה זו תורה מה שלא היתה מקודם לזה, וסימנך (אסתר ח, יד) והדת נתנה בשושן הבירה:

Our sages (Shabbat 85) comment on Exodus 19,17: "They stood underneath the Mountain," that God had threatened that if the Jewish people would not accept the Torah the Mountain would crush them to death... acceptance of the Torah at Mount Sinai was under duress. Not until after the days of Achashverosh did the Jewish people accept the Torah willingly. This is what is meant when the Book of Esther describes that תורה had now become אורה, that what had previously been a burden now became like a ray of light for them. An allusion to this is found in the words והדת נתנה בשושן הבירה, "and the decree/law/religion was given in Shushan the capital" (Esther 3,15).

Keeping Up with the Joneses
Rabbi Avraham Danzig (Vilna, d. 1820) makes a brief but very important statement about our topic in his classic code of Jewish law:
The G”ra [the Gaon of Vilna] abolished the custom of setting up trees on Shavuot, because it is hok ha’amim [the law of the nations, i.e., Christians] to set up trees on their holiday.
As it turns out, it appears that the Gaon of Vilna was correct. As Prof. Theodor Gaster writes in his classic book The Festivals of the Jewish Year:
"In many parts of Europe… it is customary to deck the churches at Whitsun [=Pentecost, the seventh Sunday after Easter] with wreaths and bunches of flowers; in Catholic districts of Germany, even private dwellings are adorned with green twigs on this occasion. In Italy, rose leaves are scattered from the ceilings of churches during the progress of the services… similarly, in Russia it is customary to carry flowers and green twigs on Whitsun… All of this appears to be but a Christian transformation of the ancient Roman festival of Rosalia, celebrated in the preceding month. At this festival, it was the practice to adore Venus by decorating her images with roses…"
Of course, one could then object that if we borrowed these Shavuot customs from our Christian neighbors, doesn’t this invalidate them? I would reply that, first of all, many poskim [halakhic authorities], have justified this specific custom despite the objections of the Gaon of Vilna... But, more generally, I have shown elsewhere that many Jewish laws and customs began as pagan or Christian or Muslim customs and they were Judaized by rabbis and/or the Jewish people...
Floral and arboreal decorations on Shavuot may have begun as Christian customs, but over the past 600 years they became Jewish customs, with all of the beautiful explanations given above.
David Golinkin, Jerusalem, 3 Sivan 5775
Why do We Decorate Synagogues and Homes with Trees and Flowers in Honor of Shavuot? - The Schechter Institutes
Radical Amazement/Soft Fascination
Rabbi Zoe Klein Miles
Moses spent forty days on the mountaintop receiving the revelation to bring to the people below. You don’t have to climb a mountain. You don’t have to go swimming in the ocean, it could be as simple as gazing at a tree outside your window, or even asking siri, alexa or google to play the sound of rain, or birds in a forest. Watch hummingbirds and bees and clouds. Moses encountered Gd on the top of the mountain, and Gd was there at the bottom as well, and all along the path, in the soft fascination of stones and streams, salamanders and moths, in the slanting sunlight, in the swath of stars. In the still small voice, the sweet, whispered song of the natural world.