(1) In the days when the chieftains ruled, there was a famine in the land; and a man of Bethlehem in Judah, with his wife and two sons, went to reside in the country of Moab. (2) The man’s name was Elimelech, his wife’s name was Naomi, and his two sons were named Mahlon and Chilion—Ephrathites of Bethlehem in Judah. They came to the country of Moab and remained there. (3) Elimelech, Naomi’s husband, died; and she was left with her two sons.
(ג) דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיְהִי בִּימֵי אַמְרָפֶל, רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה, וְרַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, זֶה הַמִּדְרָשׁ עָלָה בְּיָדֵינוּ מֵהַגּוֹלָה, בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַיְהִי בִּימֵי, צָרָה.
(3) Another [understanding]: And it was in the days of Amrafel: Rabbi Tanchuma in the name of Rabbi Chiya and Rabbi Berakhiya in the name of Rabbi Elazar [all] said, "This midrash came up to our hands from the exile - 'Any place that it is stated, "and it was in the days of," it is nothing but a term of grief.'"