ברוך אתה ה אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר גאלנו וגעל את אבותינו ממצרים והגיענו הלילה הזה לאכל בו מצה ומרור
Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who has redeemed us and redeemed out anscestors from Egypt, and brought us to this night to eat matzah and bitter herbs.
-Passover Haggada
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה', אֱלֹקֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן.
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה', אֱלקֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר בָּחַר בָּנוּ מִכָּל־עָם וְרוֹמְמָנוּ מִכָּל־לָשׁוֹן וְקִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו. וַתִּתֶּן לָנוּ ה' אֱלֹקֵינוּ בְּאַהֲבָה (לשבת: שַׁבָּתוֹת לִמְנוּחָה וּ) מוֹעֲדִים לְשִׂמְחָה, חַגִּים וּזְמַנִּים לְשָׂשוֹן, (לשבת: אֶת יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת הַזֶּה וְ) אֶת יוֹם חַג הַמַּצּוֹת הַזֶּה זְמַן חֵרוּתֵנוּ, (לשבת: בְּאַהֲבָה) מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ זֵכֶר לִיצִיאַת מִצְרָיִם. כִּי בָנוּ בָחַרְתָּ וְאוֹתָנוּ קִדַּשְׁתָּ מִכָּל הָעַמִּים, (לשבת: וְשַׁבָּת) וּמוֹעֲדֵי קָדְשֶׁךָ (לשבת: בְּאַהֲבָה וּבְרָצוֹן) בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְשָׂשוֹן הִנְחַלְתָּנוּ.
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה', מְקַדֵּשׁ (לשבת: הַשַׁבָּת וְ) יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהַזְּמַנִּים.
Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.
Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has chosen us from all peoples and has raised us above all tongues and has sanctified us with His commandments. And You have given us, Lord our God, [Sabbaths for rest], appointed times for happiness, holidays and special times for joy, [this Sabbath day, and] this Festival of Matsot, our season of freedom [in love] a holy convocation in memory of the Exodus from Egypt. For You have chosen us and sanctified us above all peoples. In Your gracious love, You granted us Your [holy Sabbath, and] special times for happiness and joy.
Blessed are You, O Lord, who sanctifies [the Sabbath,] Israel, and the appointed times.
(ב) הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם לְחׇדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃
(2) This month shall mark for you the beginning of the months; it shall be the first of the months of the year for you.
בָּרוּךְ (בעשרה אֱלֹהֵינוּ) שֶׁאָכַלְנוּ מִשֶּׁלוֹ וּבְטוּבוֹ חָיִינוּ:
Blessed be (our God) the One from whose food we have eaten, and by whose goodness we live. Blessed be he, and blessed be his name.
(י) וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבֵֽרַכְתָּ֙ אֶת־ה׳ אֱלֹקֶ֔יךָ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽךְ׃
(10) When you have eaten your fill, give thanks to your God ה׳ for the good land given to you.
We say ‘Blessed be Thou, O Eternal our God, Ruler of the Universe, who brings forth bread from the earth.’ Empirically speaking, would it not be more correct to give credit to the farmer, the merchant and the baker? [Rather] we bless God who makes possible both nature and civilization.
– Abraham Joshua Heschel, God in Search of Man
אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: כׇּל הַנֶּהֱנֶה מִן הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה כְּאִילּוּ נֶהֱנָה מִקׇּדְשֵׁי שָׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לַה׳ הָאָרֶץ וּמְלוֹאָהּ״. רַבִּי לֵוִי רָמֵי: כְּתִיב ״לַה׳ הָאָרֶץ וּמְלוֹאָהּ״, וּכְתִיב ״הַשָּׁמַיִם שָׁמַיִם לַה׳ וְהָאָרֶץ נָתַן לִבְנֵי אָדָם״! לָא קַשְׁיָא כָּאן קוֹדֶם בְּרָכָה,
Similarly, Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: One who derives benefit from this world without a blessing, it is as if he enjoyed objects consecrated to the heavens, as it is stated: “The earth and all it contains is the Lord’s, the world and all those who live in it” (Psalms 24:1). Rabbi Levi expressed this concept differently. Rabbi Levi raised a contradiction: It is written: “The earth and all it contains is the Lord’s,” and it is written elsewhere: “The heavens are the Lord’s and the earth He has given over to mankind” (Psalms 115:16). There is clearly a contradiction with regard to whom the earth belongs. He himself resolves the contradiction: This is not difficult. Here, the verse that says that the earth is the Lord’s refers to the situation before a blessing is recited, and the other to after its recitation.
(ב) לְאַחַר שֶׁהָיָה מַאֲכִילָן וּמַשְׁקָן, הָיוּ מְבָרְכִין אוֹתוֹ. וְאָמַר לָהֶם: לִי אַתֶּן מְבָרְכִין? בָּרְכוּ לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת שֶׁנּוֹתֵן לְכָל הַבְּרִיּוֹת אֹכֶל וּמַשְׁקֶה וְנוֹתֵן בָּהֶם רוּחַ. וְהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים לוֹ: הֵיכָן הוּא? אָמַר לָהֶם: שַׁלִּיט בַּשָּׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ, וּמֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּה, מוֹחֵץ וְרוֹפֵא, צָר אֶת הָעֻבָּר בִּמְעֵי אִמּוֹ וּמוֹצִיאוֹ לַאֲוִיר הָעוֹלָם, מְגַדֵּל צְמָחִים וְאִילָנוֹת, מוֹרִיד שְׁאוֹל וְיָעַל. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיוּ שׁוֹמְעִין כָּךְ, הָיוּ שׁוֹאֲלִין כֵּיצַד נְבָרֵךְ אוֹתוֹ וּמַחֲזִיקִין לוֹ טוֹבָה. הָיָה אוֹמֵר לָהֶם, אִמְרוּ: בָּרוּךְ ה׳ הַמְבֹרָךְ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד, בָּרוּךְ נוֹתֵן לֶחֶם וּמָזוֹן לְכָל בָּשָׂר, וְהָיָה מְלַמְּדָם בְּרָכוֹת וּצְדָקוֹת.
(2) After Abraham fed the passers-by and gave them drink, they would bless him in return. However, he would say to them: “Why do you bless me? Bless rather the Master of this inn, who gives food and drink to all mankind, and instills in man the breath of life.” They would ask: “Where is he?” And he would reply: “He rules over heaven and earth; He causes death and He gives life; He afflicts and heals; He forms the embryo in the womb of its mother and brings it forth into the light of the world; He causes plants and trees to grow; and He casts man down to Sheol and lifts him up again.” Upon hearing this they would inquire: “But how may we bless Him and express our gratitude to Him?” Forthwith, he would answer: “Say: ‘Bless the Lord, who is to be blessed for all eternity; blessed be He, who giveth bread and food to all His creatures.’” In that way he taught them the blessings and righteousness.
In the Kovno Ghetto in the early 1940s an extraordinary scene took place one morning in the makeshift synagogue...the Jews in the ghetto had begun to realize he fate that lay in store for them..And at the morning services, the leader of prayer, an old and pious Jew, could finally say the words no longer. He had come to the blessing in which we thank God for not making us slaves. He turned to the congregation and said: "I cannot say this prayer. How can I thank God for my freedom when I am now a prisoner facing death?..." Could Jew in the Kovno ghetto thank God for not having made him a slave? The rabbi replied very simply: "Heaven forbid that we should abolish that blessing now. Our enemies wish to make us their slaves. But though they control our bodies they do not own our souls. By saying this blessing we show that even here we still see ourselves as free men, temporarily in captivity, awaiting God's redemption."....Where was God in the Kovno ghetto? In the hearts of the those who, though they were prisoners in the valley of the shadow of death, insisted on pronouncing a blessing as free human beings.."
- Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks, The Jonathan Sacks Haggada
"Dayeinu- That would have been enough"
This series of praises, with the refrain "dayeinu," enumerates the kindnesses of God to His people on the long journey from slavery to freedom. The number fifteen - the acts the poem enumerates - has a deep association with thanksgiving, reminding us of the fifteen psalms that bear the title Shir HaMa'alot, "A Song of Degress," and the fifteen steps in the Temple on which the Levites stood as they sang to God. The word dai, meaning "enough," echoes the phrase from Malachi (3:10), recited as part of the haftara for the Shabbat before Pesach, "I will pour you out a blessing of as ad bli dai, which the sages translated as "until your lips are exhausted though saying 'enough'" (Ta'anit 9a) This song is a tikun, a making right, for the ingratitude of the Israelites in the wilderness. At almost every stage along the way they complained: about the water, about the food, the diffiulcites of the journey, the challenge of conquering the land. It is as if the poet were saying: Where they complained, let us give thanks.... One sign of freedom is the capacity for gratitude. Only a free person can thank with a full heart.
- Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks, The Jonathan Sacks Haggada
Discussion Questions:
- Discuss the connection between freedom and gratitude as it relates to the story of the Jewish people, and to your own life.
- What do you think the impact of saying a blessing before you eat has had, or could have, on your life?
- What do these readings imply about the relationship between food, God &people?
- Think about applying "dayeinu" to your own life. If this song were written by you, about you, what "dayeinu moments" would the verses describe?
- When we say a blessing are we asking permission and/or expressing gratitude? Or something else?