22 (29) And when you will offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the Lord, offer it that it may be accepted.

(30) On the same day it shall be eaten up; you shall leave none of it until the morrow: I am the Lord.

(31) And you shall keep my commandments, and do them: I am the Lord.

(32) Neither shall you profane my holy name; but I will be hallowed among the children of Yisra᾽el: I am the Lord who make you holy,

(33) who brought you out of the land of Miżrayim, to be your God: I am the Lord.

23 (1) And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,

(2) Speak to the children of Yisra᾽el, and say to them, The feasts of the Lord, which you shall proclaim to be holy gatherings, these are my feasts.

(3) Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of solemn rest, a holy gathering; you shall do no work: it is a sabbath to the Lord in all your dwellings.

(4) These are the feasts of the Lord, holy gatherings, which you shall proclaim in their seasons.

(5) On the fourteenth day of the first month towards evening is the Lord’s passover.

(6) And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread to the Lord: seven days you must eat unleavened bread.

(7) On the first day you shall have a holy gathering: you shall do no servile work.

(8) But you shall offer an offering made by fire to the Lord for seven days: on the seventh day is a holy gathering: you shall do no servile work.

(9) And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,

(10) Speak to the children of Yisra᾽el, and say to them, When you are come to the land which I give to you, and shall reap its harvest, then you shall bring an ῾omer of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest:

(11) and he shall wave the ῾omer before the Lord, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.

(12) And you shall offer that day when you wave the ῾omer a he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering to the Lord.

(13) And the meal offering thereof shall be two tenth measures of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire to the Lord for a sweet savour: and its drink offering shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin.

(14) And you shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until that very day, until you have brought an offering to your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

(15) And you shall count for yourselves from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that you brought the ῾omer of the wave offering; seven complete sabbaths shall there be:

(16) to the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall you number fifty days and you shall offer a new meal offering to the Lord.

(17) You shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth measures: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven; they are the firstfruits to the Lord.

(18) And you shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering to the Lord, with their meal offering, and their drink offerings, an offering made by fire, of sweet savour to the Lord.

(19) Then you shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.

(20) And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the Lord, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the Lord for the priest.

(21) And you shall proclaim on this very same day, that it may be a holy gathering to you: you shall do no servile work: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.

(22) And when you reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not altogether remove the corners of thy field when thou reapest, nor shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them to the poor, and to the stranger: I am the Lord your God.

23 (23) And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,

(24) Speak to the children of Yisra᾽el, saying, In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, shall you have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of horns, a holy gathering.

(25) You shall do no servile work: but you shall offer an offering made by fire to the Lord.

(26) And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,

(27) Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be a holy gathering to you; and you shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire to the Lord.

(28) And you shall do no work on that very same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make atonement for you before the Lord your God.

(29) For whatever person shall not be afflicted on that same day, he shall be cut off from his people.

(30) And whatever person does any work on that same day, the same person will I destroy from among his people.

(31) You shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

(32) It shall be to you a sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall afflict your souls: on the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening shall you celebrate your sabbath.

23 (33) And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,

(34) Speak to the children of Yisra᾽el, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of booths for seven days to the Lord.

(35) On the first day shall be a holy gathering: you shall do no servile work.

(36) Seven days you shall offer an offering made by fire to the Lord: on the eighth day shall be a holy gathering to you; and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the Lord; it is a solemn assembly; and you shall do no servile work.

(37) These are the feasts of the Lord, which you shall proclaim to be holy gatherings, to offer an offering made by fire to the Lord, a burnt offering, and a meal offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon its day:

(38) beside the sabbaths of the Lord, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which you give to the Lord.

(39) Also on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the fruit of the land, you shall keep a feast to the Lord seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.

(40) And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of the tree hadar, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick leaved trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the Lord your God seven days.

(41) And you shall keep it a feast to the Lord seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: you shall celebrate it in the seventh month.

(42) You shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are home born in Yisra᾽el shall dwell in booths:

(43) that your generations may know that I made the children of Yisra᾽el to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Miżrayim: I am the Lord your God.

(44) And Moshe declared to the children of Yisra᾽el the appointed seasons of the Lord.

24 (1) And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,

(2) Command the children of Yisra᾽el, that they bring to thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamps to burn continually.

(3) Outside the veil of the Testimony, in the Tent of Meeting, shall Aharon order it from evening unto morning before the Lord continually: it shall be a statute for ever in your generations.

(4) He shall order the lamps upon the pure candlestick, before the Lord continually.

(5) And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake of it twelve cakes: two tenth measures shall be in one cake.

(6) And thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table before the Lord.

(7) And thou shalt put pure frankincense upon each row, that it may be on the bread for a memorial, an offering made by fire to the Lord.

(8) Every sabbath he shall set it in order before the Lord continually, an everlasting covenant from the children of Yisra᾽el.

(9) And it shall be Aharon’s and his sons’; and they shall eat it in the holy place: for it is most holy to him of the offerings of the Lord made by fire by a perpetual due.

(10) And the son of a Yisra᾽elite woman, whose father was a Miżrian man, went out among the children of Yisra᾽el: and this son of the Yisra᾽elite woman and a man of Yisra᾽el strove together in the camp;

(11) and the Yisra᾽elite woman’s son blasphemed the name of the Lord, and cursed. And they brought him to Moshe: (and his mother’s name was Shelomit, the daughter of Divri, of the tribe of Dan: )

(12) and they put him in custody, that the mind of the Lord might be shown them.

(13) And the Lord spoke to Moshe, saying,

(14) Bring forth him that has cursed outside the camp; and let all that heard him lay their hands upon his head, and let all the congregation stone him.

(15) And thou shalt speak to the children of Yisra᾽el, saying, Whoever curses his God shall bear his sin.

(16) And he who blasphemes the name of the Lord, shall surely be put to death, and all the congregation shall certainly stone him: both the stranger, and he that is born in the land, when he blasphemes the name of the Lord, shall be put to death.

(17) And he that kills any man shall surely be put to death.

(18) And he that kills a beast shall make it good; beast for beast.

(19) And if a man maim his neighbour; as he has done, so shall it be done to him;

(20) breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth: as he has maimed a man, so shall it be done to him.

(21) And he that kills a beast, he shall restore it: and he that kills a man, he shall be put to death.

(22) You shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for one of your own country: for I am the Lord your God.

(23) And Moshe spoke to the children of Yisra᾽el, and they brought him that had cursed out of the camp, and stoned him with stones. And the children of Yisra᾽el did as the Lord commanded Moshe.

44 (15) But the priests the Levites, the sons of Żadoq, that kept the charge of my sanctuary when the children of Yisra᾽el went astray from me, they shall come near to me to minister to me, and they shall stand before me to offer to me the fat and the blood, says the Lord God: (16) they shall enter into my sanctuary, and they shall come near to my table, to minister to me, and they shall keep my charge. (17) And it shall come to pass, that when they enter in at the gates of the inner court, they shall be clothed with linen garments; and no wool shall come upon them, whilst they minister in the gates of the inner court, and within. (18) They shall have linen turbans upon their heads, and shall have linen breeches upon their loins; they shall not gird themselves with anything that causes sweat. (19) And when they go out into the outer court, into the outer court to the people, they shall put off their garments in which they minister, and lay them in the holy chambers, and they shall put on other garments; so as not to hallow the people with their garments. (20) Nor shall they shave their heads, nor suffer their locks to grow long; but they shall crop their heads. (21) Nor shall any priest drink wine, when they enter into the inner court. (22) Nor shall they take a widow, or a divorced woman for wives: but they shall take virgins of the seed of the house of Yisra᾽el, or a widow that is the widow of a priest. (23) And they shall teach my people the difference between the holy and common, and cause them to discern between the unclean and the clean. (24) And in a controversy they shall stand in judgment and they shall judge it according to my judgments: and they shall keep my Torot and my statutes in all my appointed times; and they shall hallow my sabbaths. (25) And they shall come near no dead person to defile themselves: but for father, or for mother, or for son, or for daughter, for brother, or for sister that has had no husband, they may defile themselves. (26) And after he is cleansed, they shall reckon to him seven days. (27) And in the day that he goes into the sanctuary, into the inner court, to minister in the sanctuary, he shall offer his sin offering, says the Lord God. (28) And it shall be to them for an inheritance: I am their inheritance: and you shall give them no possession in Yisra᾽el: I am their possession. (29) They shall eat the meal offering, and the sin offering, and the guilt offering: and every devoted thing in Yisra᾽el shall be theirs. (30) And the first of all the firstfruits of all things, and every heave offering of all your heave offerings, shall belong to the priests: you shall also give to the priest the first of your dough, that he may cause a blessing to rest on thy house. (31) The priests shall not eat of anything that dies of itself, or is torn, whether it be bird or beast.

1. [With regard to] an oven which stood in a house, with its outlet curved to the outside [of the house], and those burying a corpse overshadowed it: Bet Shammai says: all becomes unclean. Bet Hillel says: the oven becomes unclean, but the house remains clean. Rabbi Akiva says: even the oven remains clean.

2. [With regard to] a hatch between the house and the upper story, if there was a pot placed over it and it was perforated [by a hole of sufficient size] to admit liquid: Bet Shammai says: all becomes unclean. Bet Hillel says: the pot becomes unclean but the upper story remains clean. Rabbi Akiva says: all remains clean.

3. If [the pot] was whole:Bet Hillel says: it protects all [from uncleanness].A vessel of earthenware can protect everything [in it from contracting impurity], according to Beth Hillel. Bet Shammai says: it protects only food, drink and earthenware vessels.But Beth Shammai says: “It protects only food and liquids and [other] vessels of earthenware.” Bet Hillel changed their opinion and taught as Bet Shammai.Beth Hillel said to them: “Why?” Beth Shammai said to them: “Because it is [itself] impure with respect to an ignoramus, and no impure vessel can screen [against impurity].” Beth Hillel said to them: “And did you not pronounce pure the food and liquids inside it?” Beth Shammai said to them: “When we pronounced pure the food and liquids inside it, we pronounced them pure for him [the ignoramus] only, but when you pronounced the vessel pure you pronounced it pure for yourself and for him.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai.

4. [With regard to] a flagon that is full of pure liquid, the flagon is defiled with seven days' impurity but the liquid remains clean. But if one poured it out into another vessel, it becomes unclean. If a woman was kneading [in the upper story] at a trough, the woman and the trough become unclean with seven days impurity, but the dough remains clean But if one turned it out into another vessel, it becomes unclean. Bet Hillel changed their opinion and taught as Bet Shammai.

5. If [lying over the hatch] there were vessels made of dung, vessels of stone, or vessels of [unbaked] earth, everything [in the upper story] remains clean. If it was a vessel known to be clean for holy things or for [the water of] purification, everything remains clean, since everyone is trusted with [regard to matters of] purification. For clean vessels and earthenware vessels that are [known to be] clean protect with the walls of ‘tents'.

6. How so? If there was a cistern or a cellar in a house and a large basket was placed over it, [the contents of the cistern or cellar] remain clean. But if it was a well [with its upper edge] level [with the ground] or a deficient beehive upon which the basket was placed, [the contents] become unclean. If it was a smooth board or netting without rims, [the contents] remain clean. For vessels cannot protect along with walls of an ohel unless they themselves have walls. How much must the wall be? A handbreadth. If there was half a handbreadth on one side and half a handbreadth on the other, it is not [considered] a wall, as there must be a whole handbreadth on one object.

7. Just as they protect inside so they protect outside. How so? In the case of a large basket supported on pegs on the outside [of an ohel], If there was uncleanness beneath it, vessels in the basket remain clean. But if it was [next to] the wall of a courtyard or of a garden, it does not protect. [In the case of] a beam placed across from one wall to an other, with a pot hanging from it, if there was uncleanness beneath it, Rabbi Akiva declares the vessels inside it to be clean, But the sages declare them unclean.

The Gemara further relates that Ifera Hurmiz, the mother of King Shapur, sent blood before Rava for examination, as she sought to convert and was practicing the halakhot of menstruation. At that time Rav Ovadya was sitting before Rava. Rav Ovadya observed that Rava smelled the blood and later said to the woman: This is blood of desire. She said to her son: Come and see how wise the Jews are, as Rava is correct. Her son said to her: Perhaps Rava was like a blind man who escapes from a chimney, i.e., it was a lucky guess.

Ifera Hurmiz then sent Rava sixty different types of blood, some impure and others pure, and with regard to all of them Rava accurately told her their origin. The Gemara adds: That last sample of blood sent by Ifera Hurmiz was blood of lice, and Rava did not know what it was. He received support in this matter in the form of heavenly guidance, as he unwittingly sent her as a gift a comb for killing lice. She said in exclamation: Jews, you must dwell in the chamber of people’s hearts.

§ The Gemara cites more statements of the Sages with regard to the examination of blood. Rav Yehuda says: At first I would see blood, i.e., perform examinations of blood, but I changed my conduct when the mother of my son Yitzḥak, i.e., my wife, said to me that she acts as follows: With regard to this first drop of blood that I see, I do not bring it before the Sages, because it is not pristine blood, i.e., other substances are mixed with it. After hearing this, I decided I would no longer see blood, as it is possible that the first drop, which I do not get to see, was impure.

Rav Yehuda continues: But with regard to the examination of blood that a woman who gave birth emitted after the completion of her days of purity, i.e., at least forty days after giving birth to a male, or eighty after giving birth to a female (see Leviticus, chapter 12), in order to determine whether she is ritually impure or pure, I certainly see this blood and determine her status based on its color. This blood is clean, as the woman has been bleeding for a long period of time.

One who threshes [something] the size of a dried fig is liable. And [the prohibition] of threshing is only with that which grows from the ground. And one who extracts [something] is [doing] a subcategory of threshing, so he is liable. And likewise anything that is similar to this. One who milks an animal is liable on account of extracting. One who wounds something living that has a skin is likewise liable on account of extracting. And that is when he needs the blood that comes out from the wound. But if he only intended to damage [it], he is exempt – as he is destroying. And he is only liable once the blood or milk that he extracted is the amount of a dried fig.

To what are these words applicable? To one who wounds a beast, an animal or a bird and what is similar to them. But one who wounds his fellow is liable – even though he intends to damage – because of his emotional satisfaction, for his mind is put at ease and his anger is assuaged. And so it is like he is improving [something]. And even though he does not need the blood that he extracts from him, he is liable.

The eight swarming animals (sheratsim) that are mentioned in the Torah are ones that [are considered to] have skins with regards to Shabbat – like beasts, animals and birds. But other repugnant creatures and creeping things [are not considered to] have skins. Hence one who wounds them is exempt. And it is the same whether one wounds a beast, an animal, a bird or one of the eight swarming animals and blood comes out of them; or if the blood is [only] collected [internally to one spot], even though it does not come out – he is liable.