- Joshua
- Judges
- Samuel I and II
- Kings I and II
- Isaiah
- Jeremiah
- Ezekiel
- Hosea
- Joel
- Amos
- Obadiah
- Jonah
- Micah
- Nahum
- Habbakuk
- Zehpaniah
- Haggai
- Zechariah
- Malachi
- Abraham
- Isaac
- Jacob
- Moses
- Aaron
- Pinchas
- Elkanah
- Eli
- Gad
- Nathan
- David
- Solomon
- Iddo
- Michaiah son of Imlah
- Ahiyah the son of Shilonite
- Jehu the son of Hanani
- Azariah son of Oded
- Jahaziel the Levite
- Eliezer son of Dodavahu
- Amoz (Isaiah's father)
- Elijah
- Elisha
- Uriah
- Shemaiah
- Barukh
- Neriah (father of Barukh)
- Seraiah
- Mehseiah (father of Neriah)
- Mordechai (Esther's uncle)
- Oded
- Hanani
- Sarah
- Miriam
- Deborah
- Hannah
- Abigail
- Huldah
- Esther
The term "major" refers only to their length, in distinction to the Twelve Minor Prophets, whose books are much shorter and grouped together as a single book in the Hebrew Bible.
(18) I will raise up a prophet for them from among their own people, like yourself: I will put My words in his mouth and he will speak to them all that I command him;
- Must be of strong moral character.
- Must have the Ruach Hakodesh rest upon him/her.
- Must receive the prophecy in a vision or dream (only Moses was allowed to speak directly with God.)
- Cannot contradict the law of Moses.
- Prophecy must come true.
3 explanations
1. The Talmud states, “Prophecy does not come upon a prophet when he is sad or languid.”2Maimonides (1105-1204) in his Guide for the Perplexed explains that every faculty of a person's body at times grows weak and at other times is healthy. The “imaginative faculty,” through which the prophet receives prophecy, is no different than the other faculties. Prophets were thus unable to prophesy when they mourned, were angry, or were similarly affected, as can be seen with Jacob when he mourned Joseph’s perceived death. This, Maimonides explains, is the “primary reason” why prophecy ceased during the time of exile. For what could bring a person to sadness more than being in servitude to sinful nations?3
Although prophecy departed at the beginning of the Second Temple period, when the Jewish people were technically not exiled, they were beholden to foreign governments.
(13) When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his mantle about his face and went out and stood at the entrance of the cave. Then a voice addressed him: “Why are you here, Elijah?” (14) He answered, “I am moved by zeal for the LORD, the God of Hosts; for the Israelites have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and have put Your prophets to the sword. I alone am left, and they are out to take my life.” (15) The LORD said to him, “Go back by the way you came, [and] on to the wilderness of Damascus. When you get there, anoint Hazael as king of Aram. (16) Also anoint Jehu son of Nimshi as king of Israel, and anoint Elisha son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah to succeed you as prophet.
(19) He set out from there and came upon Elisha son of Shaphat as he was plowing. There were twelve yoke of oxen ahead of him, and he was with the twelfth. Elijah came over to him and threw his mantle over him. (20) He left the oxen and ran after Elijah, saying: “Let me kiss my father and mother good-by, and I will follow you.” And he answered him, “Go back. What have I done to you?” (21) He turned back from him and took the yoke of oxen and slaughtered them; he boiled their meat-f with the gear of the oxen and gave it to the people, and they ate. Then he arose and followed Elijah and became his attendant.
(11) But Jehoshaphat said, “Isn’t there a prophet of the LORD here, through whom we may inquire of the LORD?” One of the courtiers of the king of Israel spoke up and said, “Elisha son of Shaphat, who poured water on the hands of-b Elijah, is here.” (12) “The word of the LORD is with him,” said Jehoshaphat. So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to him. (13) Elisha said to the king of Israel, “What have you to do with me? Go to your father’s prophets or your mother’s prophets.” But the king of Israel said, “Don’t [say that], for the LORD has brought these three kings together only to deliver them into the hands of Moab.” (14) “As the LORD of Hosts lives, whom I serve,” Elisha answered, “were it not that I respect King Jehoshaphat of Judah, I wouldn’t look at you or notice you. (15) Now then, get me a musician.”
As the musician played, the hand of the LORD came upon him, (16) and he said, “Thus said the LORD: This wadi shall be full of pools. (17) For thus said the LORD: You shall see no wind, you shall see no rain, and yet the wadi shall be filled with water; and you and your cattle and your pack animals shall drink. (18) And this is but a slight thing in the sight of the LORD, for He will also deliver Moab into your hands. (19) You shall conquer every fortified town and every splendid city; you shall fell every good tree and stop up all wells of water; and every fertile field you shall ruin with stones.” (20) And in the morning, when it was time to present the meal offering, water suddenly came from the direction of Edom and the land was covered by the water. (21) Meanwhile, all the Moabites had heard that the kings were advancing to make war on them; every man old enough to bear arms-c rallied, and they stationed themselves at the border. (22) Next morning, when they rose, the sun was shining over the water, and from the distance the water appeared to the Moabites as red as blood. (23) “That’s blood!” they said. “The kings must have fought among themselves and killed each other. Now to the spoil, Moab!” (24) They entered the Israelite camp, and the Israelites arose and attacked the Moabites, who fled before them. They advanced, constantly attacking-d the Moabites, (25) and they destroyed the towns. Every man threw a stone into each fertile field, so that it was covered over; and they stopped up every spring and felled every fruit tree. Only the walls of-e Kir-hareseth were left, and then the slingers surrounded it and attacked it. (26) Seeing that the battle was going against him, the king of Moab led an attempt of seven hundred swordsmen to break a way through to the king of Edom; but they failed. (27) So he took his first-born son, who was to succeed him as king, and offered him up on the wall as a burnt offering. A great wrath came upon Israel, so they withdrew from him and went back to [their own] land.
Elisha’s ministry began by healing a spring of water near Jericho (2 Kings 2:19-22). This spring possessed certain toxic qualities, and one complained to Elisha that it was unfit for drinking and had destroyed the foliage around it.
Elisha asked to have some salt in a new bowl brought to him. Elisha tossed the salt into the gushing spring and the poison of the pool of water was suddenly healed.
The use of the salt was symbolic, as it was God who performed the miracle. God declared through the prophet, “Thus says the LORD: ‘I have healed this water; from it there shall be no more death or barrenness’” (2 Kings 2:21).
(9) As they were crossing, Elijah said to Elisha, “Tell me, what can I do for you before I am taken from you?” Elisha answered, “Let a double portion-b of your spirit pass on to me.” (10) “You have asked a difficult thing,” he said. “If you see me as I am being taken from you, this will be granted to you; if not, it will not.”
(11) As they kept on walking and talking, a fiery chariot with fiery horses suddenly appeared and separated one from the other; and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind. (12) Elisha saw it, and he cried out, “Oh, father, father! Israel’s chariots and horsemen!” When he could no longer see him, he grasped his garments and rent them in two. (13) He picked up Elijah’s mantle, which had dropped from him; and he went back and stood on the bank of the Jordan. (14) Taking the mantle which had dropped from Elijah, he struck the water and said, “Where is the LORD, the God of Elijah?” As he too struck the water, it parted to the right and to the left, and Elisha crossed over. (15) When the disciples of the prophets at Jericho saw him from a distance, they exclaimed, “The spirit of Elijah has settled on Elisha!” And they went to meet him and bowed low before him to the ground.
(1) A certain woman, the wife of one of the disciples of the prophets, cried out to Elisha: “Your servant my husband is dead, and you know how your servant revered the LORD. And now a creditor is coming to seize my two children as slaves.” (2) Elisha said to her, “What can I do for you? Tell me, what have you in the house?” She replied, “Your maidservant has nothing at all in the house, except a jug of oil.” (3) “Go,” he said, “and borrow vessels outside, from all your neighbors, empty vessels, as many as you can. (4) Then go in and shut the door behind you and your children, and pour [oil] into all those vessels, removing each one as it is filled.” (5) She went away and shut the door behind her and her children. They kept bringing [vessels] to her and she kept pouring. (6) When the vessels were full, she said to her son, “Bring me another vessel.” He answered her, “There are no more vessels”; and the oil stopped. (7) She came and told the man of God, and he said, “Go sell the oil and pay your debt, and you and your children can live on the rest.”
(8) One day Elisha visited Shunem. A wealthy woman lived there, and she urged him to have a meal; and whenever he passed by, he would stop there for a meal. (9) Once she said to her husband, “I am sure it is a holy man of God who comes this way regularly. (10) Let us make a small enclosed upper chamber-a and place a bed, a table, a chair, and a lampstand there for him, so that he can stop there whenever he comes to us.” (11) One day he came there; he retired to the upper chamber and lay down there. (12) He said to his servant Gehazi, “Call that Shunammite woman.” He called her, and she stood before him. (13) He said to him, “Tell her, ‘You have gone to all this trouble for us. What can we do for you? Can we speak in your behalf to the king or to the army commander?’” She replied, “I live among my own people.” (14) “What then can be done for her?” he asked. “The fact is,” said Gehazi, “she has no son, and her husband is old.” (15) “Call her,” he said. He called her, and she stood in the doorway. (16) And Elisha said, “At this season next year, you will be embracing a son.” She replied, “Please, my lord, man of God, do not delude your maidservant.” (17) The woman conceived and bore a son at the same season the following year, as Elisha had assured her. (18) The child grew up. One day, he went out to his father among the reapers. (19) [Suddenly] he cried to his father, “Oh, my head, my head!” He said to a servant, “Carry him to his mother.” (20) He picked him up and brought him to his mother. And the child sat on her lap until noon; and he died. (21) She took him up and laid him on the bed of the man of God, and left him and closed the door. (22) Then she called to her husband: “Please, send me one of the servants and one of the she-asses, so I can hurry to the man of God and back.”
What do you think Elisha's message would be for us today?