(ה) אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, הַאי קְרָא דִּכְתִיב, (ירמיהו י׳:ז׳) מִי (שמות צ''ה ע''ב) לא יִרָאֲךָ מֶלֶךְ הַגּוֹיִם כִּי לְךָ יָאָתָה, מַאי שְׁבָחָא אִיהוּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ אֶלְעָזָר בְּרִי, הַאי קְרָא בְּכַמָּה דוּכְתֵּי אִתְּמָר, אֲבָל וַדַּאי לָאו אִיהוּ (נ''א הכי) דִּכְתִיב, (ירמיהו י׳:ז׳) כִּי בְכָל חַכְמֵי הַגּוֹיִם וּבְכָל מַלְכוּתָם דְּהָא אֲתָא לְמִפְתַּח פּוּמָא דְחַיָּיבִין דְּחָשְׁבִין דְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לָא יְדַע הִרְהוּרִין וּמַחְשָׁבִין דִּילְהוֹן. וּבְגִין כָּךְ אִית לְאוֹדָעָא שְׁטוּתָא דִלְהוֹן. דְּזִמְנָא חָדָא אֲתָא פִּילוֹסוֹפָא חָדָא דְּאוּמוֹת הָעוֹלָם לְגַבָּאי, אָמַר לִי אַתּוּן אָמְרִין דֶּאֱלָהֲכוֹן שַׁלִּיט בְּכָל רוּמֵי שְׁמַיָא. כֻּלְהוּן חַיָּילִין וּמַשִּׁרְיָין לָא אִדַּבְּקָן וְלָא יָדְעֵי אֲתַר דִּילֵיהּ. הַאי קְרָא לָא אַסְגֵּי יְקָרֵיהּ כָּל כָּךְ. דִּכְתִיב כִּי בְכָל חַכְמֵי הַגּוֹיִם וּבְכָל מַלְכוּתָם מֵאֵין כָּמוֹךָ. מַאי שִׁיקּוּלָא דָא לִבְנֵי נָשָׁא דִּי לֵית
(5) 5. Rabbi Elazar said to him, There is a verse that reads, "Who would not fear You, O King of the nations? For to You it is fitting" (Jer. 10:7). What sort of praise is this? He (Rashb"i) answered him: Elazar my son, this verse has been said in many places. And certainly it is not so; because it is written, "For among all the wise men of the nations, and in all their kingdoms, there is none like You" (Ibid.). And this is written as an excuse for the sinners, who think that the Holy One, blessed be He, is not aware of their plans and their thoughts. And because of this, their folly should be announced in the open. Because once a philosopher of the nation approached me, and said, You claim that your Elohim governs the entire heights of the heavens, and all the heavenly hosts and legions are not able to approach Him, nor do they know His place. But here, this verse does not add a lot to His honor. As it is written, "as among all the wise men of the nations...there is none like You." What kind of a comparison is this, to be compared with human beings
(א) לוֹן קִיּוּמָא.
(ב) וְתוּ דְּאַתּוּן אָמְרִין (דברים לה) וְלא קָם נָבִיא עוֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמשֶׁה, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא קָם אֲבָל בְּאוּמוֹת הָעוֹלָם קָם. אוּף הָכִי אֲנָא אֵימָא בְּכָל חַכְמֵי הַגּוֹיִם אֵין כָּמוֹהוּ, אֲבָל בְּחַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִית. אִי הָכִי אֱלָהָא דְאִית בְּחַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּוָותֵיהּ לָאו אִיהוּ עִלָּאָה שַׁלִּיטָא. אִסְתַּכַּל בַּקְּרָא וְתִשְׁכַּח דְּדַיִּיקְנָא כְּדְקָא יְאוּת. אֲמִינָא לֵיהּ וַדַּאי שַׁפִּיר קָא אֲמַרְתְּ.
(ג) מָאן מְחַיֶּה מֵתִים אֶלָּא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בִּלְחוֹדוֹי, אֲתָא אֵלִיָּהוּ וְאֱלִישָׁע וְאַחֲיוּ מֵתַיָיא. מָאן מוֹרִיד גְּשָׁמִים אֶלָּא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בִּלְחוֹדוֹי אֲתָא אֵלִיָּהוּ וּמְנַע לוֹן וּנְחִית לוֹן בִּצְלוֹתֵיהּ. מָאן עֲבַד שְׁמַיָּא וְאַרְעָא אֶלָּא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בִּלְחוֹדוֹי, אֲתָא אַבְרָהָם אִתְקַיָימוּ בְּקִיּוּמוֹהִי בְּגִינֵיהּ. מָאן מַנְהִיג שִׁמְשָׁא אֶלָּא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, אֲתָא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְשָׁכִיךְ לֵיהּ וּפַקִּיד לֵיהּ דְּיֵקוּם עַל קִיּוּמֵיהּ וְאִשְׁתְּכַך וּכְתִיב, (יהושע י) וַיִּדּוֹם הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְיָרֵחַ עָמָד. קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא גּוֹזֵר גְּזַר דִּין אוּף הָכִי משֶׁה גָּזִיר גְּזַר דִּין וְאִתְקַיָּימוּ. וְתוּ דְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא גּוֹזֵר גִּזְרִין וְצַדִּיקַיָּא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל מְבַטְּלִין לוֹ דִּכְתִיב, (שמואל ב כג) צַדִּיק מוֹשֵׁל יִרְאַת אֱלהִים. וְתוּ דְּאִיהוּ פַּקִּיד לוֹן לְמְהַךְ בְּאוֹרְחוֹי מַמָּשׁ לְאִתְדְּמָא לֵיהּ בְּכֹלָּא. אֲזַל הַהוּא פִּילוֹסוֹפָא וְאִתְגָיָּיר בִּכְפַר שְׁחָלַיִם וְקָרוּן לֵיהּ יוֹסֵי קְטִינָאָה. וְאוֹלִיף אוֹרַיְיתָא סַגְיָא. וְאִיהוּ בֵּין חַכִּימִין וְזַכָּאִין דְּהַהוּא אֲתַר.
(1) 1. who do not have eternal existence?
(2) 2. And furthermore, since you commented "And there arose not a prophet since in Yisrael like Moses" (Deut. 34:10), that only in Yisrael has there not arisen, but among the other nations of the world, one like him has indeed risen. So I claim the same, that among all the wise men of the nations...there is none like to Him! But among the wise men of Yisrael there is! And therefore, Elohim who has an equal among the wise men of Yisrael is not an all-powerful Elohim. Look closely into the verse, and you shall see that I am precisely correct! I said to him, what you have said is definitely correct,
(3) 3. because who raises the dead and brings them back to life? It is the Holy One, blessed be He, alone! Yet Elijah and Elisha came and raised the dead back to life. Who causes rain to fall? It is the Holy One, blessed be He, alone! Yet Elijah came and prevented rain, then caused it to fall through his prayer. Who made the heavens and the earth? It was the Holy One, blessed be He, alone! Yet Abraham came and the heavens and the earth were properly established because of him. Who governs the sun? It is the Holy One, blessed be He, alone! Yet Joshua came and silenced it, commanding it to stand still in its place - and it stood still in silence. As it is written, "And the sun stood still and the moon stayed" (Joshua 10:13). The Holy One, blessed be He, issues decrees, yet Moses as well issued a decree, and it was fulfilled. Furthermore, the Holy One, blessed be He, issues decrees, while the righteous of Yisrael cancel them. As it is written: "just, ruling (in) the fear of Elohim" (II Sam. 23:3). Even more so, He has commanded them to walk along (literally) 'in His steps' and to be like Him in every way! The philosopher then went to Kfar Shachalayim and became a proselyte. And they called him Yosi the young. He studied much and joined the wise and pious men of that place.
(ד) הַשְׁתָּא אִית לְאִסְתַּכְּלָא בַּקְּרָא וְהָא כְּתִיב, (ישעיה מ) כָּל הַגּוֹיִם כְּאַיִן נֶגְדוֹ. מַאי רִבּוּיָא הָכָא. אֶלָּא מִי לא יִרָאֲךָ מֶלֶךְ הַגּוֹיִם וְכִי מֶלֶךְ הַגּוֹיִם אִיהוּ וְלָאו מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל. אֶלָּא בְּכָל אֲתַר קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בָּעָא לְאִשְׁתַּבָּחָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלָא אִתְקְרֵי אֶלָא עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּלְחוֹדוֹי. דִּכְתִיב, (שמות ה) אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים, וּכְתִיב, (ישעיה מד) כֹּה אָמַר יְיָ מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל. מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַדַּאי. אָמְרוּ אוּמוֹת הָעוֹלָם פַּטְרוֹן אָחֳרָן אִית לָן בִּשְׁמַיָא דְּהָא מַלְכֵיכוֹן לָא שָׁלִיט אֶלָא עֲלַיְיכוּ בִּלְחוֹדֵיכוֹן וְעֲלָנָא לָא שָׁלִיט.
(4) 4. We should have a closer look at this verse, now. It is written: "All the nations are as nothing before Him" (Isaiah 40:17). What is so special about this? He answers Rather, "Who would not fear You, O King of the nations?" (Jer. 10:7) is He the King of the other nations, and not the King of Yisrael?! The Holy One, blessed be He, wishes to be glorified by Yisrael. Therefore, He is always called in relation to the name of Yisrael, as is written, "Elohim of Yisrael," "Elohim of the Hebrews" (Ex. 5:3). Also it is written: "Thus says Hashem, the King of Yisrael" (Isaiah 44:6) - the King of Yisrael explicitly! The other nations of the world said, We have a different Guardian up in the heavens, because your King governs over you alone, and not over us.
(ה) אֲתָא קְרָא וְאָמַר מִי לֹא יִרָאֲךָ מֶלֶךְ הַגּוֹיִם (נ''א מלכא עילאה לרדאה לון ולאלקאה לון ולמעבד בהון רעותיה. כי לך יאתה לדחלא מנך לעילא ותתא. כי בכל חכמי הגוים) אִלֵּין שַׁלִּיטִין רַבְרְבָן דִּי מְמַנָּן עֲלַיְיהוּ. וּבְכָל מַלְכוּתָם בְּהַהוּא מָלְכוּ דִּלְעֵילָא. דְּהָא אַרְבַּע מַלְכְּוָון שַׁלִּיטִין אִית לְעֵילָא וְשָׁלְטִין בִּרְעוּתֵיהּ עַל כָּל שְׁאָר עַמִּין. וְעִם כָּל דָּא לֵית בְּהוּ דְּיַעֲבִיד אֲפִלּוּ מִלָּה זְעֵירָא אֶלָּא כְּמָה דְּפָּקִּיד לוֹן דִּכְתִיב, (דניאל ד) וּכְמִצְבְּיֵה עָבִיד בְּחֵיל שְׁמַיָא וְדָיְירֵי אַרְעָא. חַכְמֵי הַגּוֹיִם אִנּוּן מְמַנָּן וְרַבְרְבָן דִּלְעֵילָא דְּחָכְמְתָא דִּלְהוֹן מִנַּיְיהוּ הֲוָה. בְּכָל מַלְכוּתָם מַלְכוּתָא דְּשָׁלִיט כְּמָה דְאִתְּמָר. וְדָא הוּא קְרָא כִּפְשָׁטֵיהּ.
(5) 5. Thus, this verse that reads: "Who would not fear You, O King of the nations," which means that He is a Supernal King, has dominion over them, punishes them and controls them, as He wishes to "...for to You it is fitting" to be feared above and below" "For among all the wise men of the nations" refers to the governors and rulers who govern them. "And in all their kingdoms" (Jer. 10:7) refers to the kingdom above. There are four ruling kingdoms above, and they govern all the other nations according to the desire of Hashem. And even with all this, they are not able to accomplish even the tiniest deed without Him commanding them. As it is written, "and He does according to His will in the host of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth" (Daniel 4:32). The "wise men of the nations" are the governors and rulers of above, from whom the Wisdom of other nations is derived. "And in all their kingdoms" refers to the aforementioned kingdom that rules, which is the literal meaning of the verse.
(ו) אֲבָל בְּכָל חַכְמֵי הַגּוֹיִם וּבְכָל מַלְכוּתָם. הַאי אַשְׁכַּחְנָא בְּסִפְרֵי קַדְמָאֵי, דְּאִנּוּן מַשִּׁרְיָין וְחַיָילִין אַף עַל גַּב דְּאִתְפַּקְּדָן עַל מִלִּין דְּעָלְמָא וּפַקִּיד לְכָל חַד לְמֶעְבַּד עֲבִידְתָּא, מָאן הוּא (סתימא קדישא ולא כרעותיה) דְּיַעֲבִיד שׁוּם חַד מִנַּיְיהוּ כָּמוֹךָ. בְּגִין דְּאַנְתְּ רָשִׁים בְּעִילוּיָא, וְאַתְּ רָשִׁים בְּעוֹבָדָךְ מִכֻּלְּהוּ. וְדָא הוּא מֵאֵין כָּמוֹךָ יְיָ, מָאן הוּא סְתִימָאָה קַדִּישָׁא דְּיַעֲבִיד וְלֶהֱוֵי כָּמוֹךָ עֵילָא וְתַתָּא. וִיהֵא דָּמֵי לָךְ (בכל) (בכולא), עוֹבָדָא דְמַלְכָּא קַדִּישָׁא שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ, אֲבָל אִנּוּן (ישעיה מה) תֹּהוּ וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶם בַּל יוֹעִילוּ. בְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא כְּתִיב בְּרֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים וְגו', בְּמַלְכוּתָם כְּתִיב וְהָאָרֶץ הָיְתָה תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ.
(6) 6. But: "for among all the wise men of the nations, and in all their kingdoms." These words I found in the books of the ancients, that even though they, the hosts and legions, were put in charge of worldly affairs and He ordered each one to fulfill his mission, who can do it like You?! Because You are marked by excellence and by Your deeds. And this is the meaning of "There is none like You" (Ibid.), Hashem. Who is the holy and concealed, above and below, who can do what You do, or be like You, in all the doings of the Holy King up in the heavens, or down on earth?! So they "are all of them vain, and the things they delight in do not help" (Isaiah 44:9). While of the Holy One, blessed be He, it is written, "In the beginning Elohim created," (Gen. 1:1) and about their kingdom, it is written, "and the earth was without form and void" (Ibid).
(ז) אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לְחַבְרַיָיא בְּנֵי הִלּוּלָא דָא, כָּל חַד מִנְּכוֹן יְקַשֵּׁט קִשּׁוּטָא חַד לְכַּלָּה. אָמַר לְרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרֵיהּ. אֶלְּעָזָר הַב נְבַזְבְּזָא חַד לְכַּלָּה דְּהָא לְמָחָר אִסְתַּכַּל (קודשא בריך הוא) (נ''א בה) כַּד יֵעוּל לַחוּפָּה בְּאִנּוּן שִׁירִין וּשְׁבָחִין דְּיַהֲבוּ לָהּ בְּנֵי הֵיכָלָא לְקַיְּימָא קַמֵּיהּ.
(7) 7. Rabbi Shimon addressed the friends, saying, 'Members of this wedding, let each of you adorn the Bride with a certain decoration of his'. He said to Rabbi Elazar his son: 'Elazar, present the Bride with a gift! So that on the following day, when He, (i.e. Zeir Anpin) enters under the bridal canopy followed by the songs and praises that the members of the bridal canopy offered her, you may stand before Him.