What does this instruction from God, to Adam and Eve, tell us about God's plan for what humans should eat?
(3) Every creature that lives shall be yours to eat; as with the green grasses, I give you all these. (4) You must not, however, eat flesh with its life-blood in it.
This second source comes immediately after the story of Noah and the Great Flood.
Why might God now give humanity permission to eat meat?
(6) The wolf shall dwell with the lamb,
The leopard lie down with the kid;
The calf, the beast of prey, and the fatling-c together,
With a little boy to herd them. (7) The cow and the bear shall graze,
Their young shall lie down together;
And the lion, like the ox, shall eat straw.
How do you reconcile this vision of what life will be like in Messianic times with the permission given to Noah and all humanity after the Flood?
(13) And these you should detest from among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are a detestable thing: the great vulture, and the bearded vulture, and the ospray; (14) and the kite, and the falcon after its kinds; (15) every raven after its kinds; (16) and the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kinds; (17) and the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl; (18) and the horned owl, and the pelican, and the carrion-vulture; (19) and the stork, and the heron after its kinds, and the hoopoe, and the bat.
Now we move on to which animals are considered kosher/fit for humans to eat. This is a selection, from the Book of Leviticus, that discusses the types of birds we can eat.
Can you think of any reason for why these birds would be prohibited?
The passage above is an attempt by the biblical scholar Baruch Levine to explain why some species are prohibited.
Do you find his explanation--that we shouldn't eat living creatures who prey on other living creatures--convincing?
Would other explanations, such as those based on health, be more convincing?
Does it really matter, to you, why certain species are prohibited?
1. Only certain animals may be eaten. There is nothing really special about the choice of which animals we eat and which we don't. God didn't make pigs and lobsters forbidden because they are more beloved than cows and salmon. Nor are they any cleaner or more holy. The idea is that we're not allowed to go out and just kill whatever we feel like killing. Our killing is limited to a specific list of permitted animals.
2. The animal must be killed in the most painless way possible. Even an animal designated for our food has feeling. You may kill to eat, but you may not allow the animal to suffer.
3. All the blood must be removed from the meat. Blood symbolizes life because blood is always moving in a living body and provides life to the organism. All life belongs to God.
4. All foods made from milk and all foods made from meat must be prepared, served, and eaten separately. Meat, which involves killing, symbolizes the taking of life. Milk, which nourishes newborns, symbolizes the giving of life. The two must never be confused in our lives.
In keeping milk and meat separate, we are taught that our real tasks are to limit our desire to destroy life, and to develop our abilities to give life. This is something our culture badly needs to learn....
What's wrong with a cheeseburger? First, we don't know how the animal was killed. Were those who killed the animal careful that the animal didn't suffer? Or did they just kill it the easiest way, even if it hurt the animal? Second, we don't know if they drained out the blood. Most animals we eat were raised on huge ranches and killed in huge factories where no one ever cares that they are living creatures. Finally, cheese which is made from milk, is mixed up with meat. Life is mixed up with death. Violence is mixed up with pleasure. Saying no to a cheeseburger is a way of saying no to a world that mixes up life and death, violence and fun.
-Rabbi Ed Feinstein, Tough Questions Jews Ask, pp. 58-60.
What do you think about Rabbi Feinstein's approach to why we should not eat cheeseburgers? Does his theory of life affirming versus life destroying foods resonate with you?
After studying these texts, do you feel any different about what you should eat? Why or why not?
