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The Thief: Rachel Runs Rampant
Intro to Story

(יט) וְלָבָ֣ן הָלַ֔ךְ לִגְזֹ֖ז אֶת־צֹאנ֑וֹ וַתִּגְנֹ֣ב רָחֵ֔ל אֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְאָבִֽיהָ׃

(19) Meanwhile Laban had gone to shear his sheep, and Rachel stole her father’s household idols.
(לב) עִ֠ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֣א אֶת־אֱלֹהֶ֘יךָ֮ לֹ֣א יִֽחְיֶה֒ נֶ֣גֶד אַחֵ֧ינוּ הַֽכֶּר־לְךָ֛ מָ֥ה עִמָּדִ֖י וְקַֽח־לָ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֣ע יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֥י רָחֵ֖ל גְּנָבָֽתַם׃
(32) But anyone with whom you find your gods shall not remain alive! In the presence of our kinsmen, point out what I have of yours and take it.” Jacob, of course, did not know that Rachel had stolen them.
(טז) וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית אֵ֔ל וַֽיְהִי־ע֥וֹד כִּבְרַת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָב֣וֹא אֶפְרָ֑תָה וַתֵּ֥לֶד רָחֵ֖ל וַתְּקַ֥שׁ בְּלִדְתָּֽהּ׃ (יז) וַיְהִ֥י בְהַקְשֹׁתָ֖הּ בְּלִדְתָּ֑הּ וַתֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֤הּ הַמְיַלֶּ֙דֶת֙ אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כִּֽי־גַם־זֶ֥ה לָ֖ךְ בֵּֽן׃ (יח) וַיְהִ֞י בְּצֵ֤את נַפְשָׁהּ֙ כִּ֣י מֵ֔תָה וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֶּן־אוֹנִ֑י וְאָבִ֖יו קָֽרָא־ל֥וֹ בִנְיָמִֽין׃ (יט) וַתָּ֖מׇת רָחֵ֑ל וַתִּקָּבֵר֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אֶפְרָ֔תָה הִ֖וא בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃

(16) They set out from Bethel; but when they were still some distance short of Ephrath, Rachel was in childbirth, and she had hard labor. (17) When her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, “Have no fear, for it is another boy for you.” (18) But as she breathed her last—for she was dying—she named him Ben-oni; but his father called him Benjamin. (19) Thus Rachel died. She was buried on the road to Ephrath—now Bethlehem.

Why did Rachel steal the Teraphim?

(ב) ותגנב רחל את התרפים. לְהַפְרִישׁ אֶת אָבִיהָ מֵעֲ"זָ נִתְכַּוְּנָה (בראשית רבה):

(2) ותגגב רחל את התרפים AND RACHEL STOLE THE TERAPHIM — her intention was to wean her father from idol-worship (Genesis Rabbah 74:5).
(א) ותגנוב רחל את התרפים אשר לאביה. גנבה אותם כדי שיחזור בו ושיאמר אלוהים הגנוב אין בו ממש. כדברי יואש שאמר (שופטים ו') אם אלהים הוא ירב לו כי נתץ את מזבחו. וכמו שאמר הכתוב (יחזקאל כ"ח) האמור תאמר אלהים אני לפני הורגיך ואתה אדם ולא אל ביד מחלליך:
(1) ותגנב רחל את התרפים אשר לאביה; she stole them in order that he would reconsider his actions, saying to himself that any deity which allows itself to be stolen surely cannot be much good to anyone. The same argument had been used by Yoash who told his father that if his deity, the baal, was really capable of avenging himself, he should do so himself instead of letting his human worshipper become his defender. (Judges 6,31) Similar arguments are reflected in Ezekiel 28,9 where the prophet predicts the downfall of the King of Tzor (Tyre) who had declared himself a god. He ridicules this “god” as saying to his murderer: “I am a god!” (quoted by Rabbeinu Bachya).

(ב) התרפים. ...והקרוב אלי שהתרפי' הם על צורת בני אדם והיא עשויה לקבל כח עליונים ולא אוכל לפרש... ויש אומרים שרחל גנבתם לבטל עבודת כוכבי' מאביה ואילו היה כן למה הוליכה אותם עמה ולא טמנם בדרך. והקרוב שהיה לבן אביה יודע מזלות ופחדה שאביה יסתכל במזלות לדעת אי זה דרך ברחו:

(2) THE TERAPHIM ... I believe that the teraphim are human images made to draw power from above. I am not permitted to explain this any further. ... Some say that Rachel stole the teraphim in order to keep her father from idolatry. If this were the case, why did she take them with her and not bury them on the way? The most likely reason that Rachel stole the teraphim was that Laban, her father, was an astrologer, and Rachel feared that he would look at the stars and discover which way they fled.

(א) ולבן הלך לגזוז את צאנו. ...ואף רחל מצאה לגנוב את התרפים שהיו מדברים ואומ' ע"י מכשפים ולכך חמדתן רחל אבל לבן היה עובד אותן ועשה אותן ע"ז וגנבה רחל את התרפים ויעקב לב לבן וע"י שתיהן נרדף אחריהן:

ולבן הלך לגזוז את צאנו. Even Rachel came to steal the Teraphim because they were talking to her through witchcraft and therefore Rachel desired them, but Lavan would serve them and use them for Avodah Zara; Rachel stole the Teraphim and Yaakov stole Lavan’s heart, and therefore he chased after both of them.

Are Rachel’s Theft and Death related?
(א) לא יחיה. וּמֵאוֹתָהּ קְלָלָה מֵתָה רָחֵל בַּדֶּרֶךְ (בראשית רבה) (ב) מה עמדי. מִשֶּׁלְּךָ:
(1) לא יחיה LET HIM NOT LIVE — In consequence of this curse Rachel died on the journey (Genesis Rabbah 74:9). (2) מה עמדי WHAT IS WITH ME that belongs to you.

(א) רש"י ד"ה ותגנב רחל את התרפים, להפריש את אביה מע"ז נתכוונה (בראשית רבה עד, ה). ובזוהר מוער: אף־על־גב שרחל עשתה זאת לעקור ע"ז מאת אביה, נענשה על זה שלא זכתה לגדל את בנימין, ולא התקיימה אתו אפילו שעה אחת - מפני צער אביה, ואע"ג שנתכוונה לטובה (זוהר ח"א קסד:).

In the Zohar it is found, even though Rachel did this in order to uproot the habit of idol worship from her father, she was punished for this that she would not raise Benjamin, and she didn’t even survive with him for one hour— because of the pain of her father, even though she meant it for good.

Rabbi Lord Jonathon Sacks— Covenant and Conversation
The other concerns Jacob and Rachel. Rachel had stolen her father’s terafim, “icons” or “household gods,” when they left Laban to return to the land of Canaan. She did not tell Jacob that she had done so. The text says explicitly, “Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen the gods” (Gen. 31:32). When Laban pursued and caught up with them, he accused Jacob’s party of having stolen them. Jacob indignantly denies this and says “If you find anyone who has your gods, he shall not live”. Several chapters later, we read that Rachel died prematurely, on the way. The possibility hinted at by the text, articulated by a Midrash and by Rashi,[4] is that, unwittingly, Jacob had condemned her to death. In both cases, misunderstanding flowed from a failure of communication. Had Rebecca told Isaac about the oracle, and had Rachel told Jacob about the terafim, tragedy might have been averted. Judaism is a religion of holy words, and one of the themes of Genesis as a whole is the power of speech to create, mislead, harm or heal. From Cain and Abel to Joseph and his brothers (“They hated him and could not speak peaceably to him”), we are shown how, when words fail, violence begins.
Is Yaakov’s curse really the reason for Rachel’s death? (Everyone Else But Rashi)

(א) לא יחיה. כי חשב שגנב אותם אחד מעבדיו לעבדם ולחזור לסורו, ובזה היה חייב מיתה (רע"ס):

He shall not live. Because he thought that one of his slaves stole them in order to serve them and return to his bad ways, and with this he would be liable for death.

(א) לא יחיה. רק אהרגנו. ויש אומרים שהי' דרך תפלה על כן מתה רחל בדרך. אם כן יודיענו מי התפלל על אשת פנחס:

(1) HE SHALL NOT LIVE. Because I will put him to death. Some say that this was a prayer and it was because of this utterance that Rachel died on the way. If this be so, let them tell us who prayed and thus caused the death of Phinehas’ wife?

(א) עם אשר תמצא את אלקיך לא יחיה. י"מ שאינו לשון קללה אלא פי' ראוי לתלותו כגנב וידי תהיה בו בראשונה להמיתו:
(1) עם אשר תמצא את אלוקיך לא יחיה, “the one in whose possession you will find your deities shall not live.” Some commentators hold that this is not the formula used in a curse, but that Yaakov meant to say that such a person did not deserve to live, but deserved to be hung as a thief. If he were to be convicted of the death penalty, Yaakov promised to be the first one to assist in the execution.
The Ibn Ezra’s Secret Opinion
(ב) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וְאֶ֖ל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֑וֹ הָסִ֜רוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתֹכְכֶ֔ם וְהִֽטַּהֲר֔וּ וְהַחֲלִ֖יפוּ שִׂמְלֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
(2) So Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, “Rid yourselves of the alien gods in your midst, purify yourselves, and change your clothes.
(א) הסירו את אלהי הנכר. חלילה חלילה שישכב הנביא עם עובדת אלהי נכר. ופירושו תמצאנו בפרשת וילך משה: (ב) והטהרו. שירחצו הגוף: (ג) והחליפו שמלותיכם. מהמקום הזה נלמוד שחייב כל ישראל כאשר ילך להתפלל למקום קבוע להיות גופו נקי ומלבושיו נקיים:
(1) PUT AWAY THE STRANGE GODS. Heaven forbid that the prophet would live with women who served strange gods. The explanation of this verse will be found in the Torah portion va-yelekh moshe (And Moses went). (2) AND PURIFY YOURSELVES. Wash your bodies. (3) AND CHANGE YOUR GARMENTS. From this verse we learn that an Israelite must have a clean body and spotless garments when he goes to pray in a place set aside for worship.
Perush Hashlishi on Bereishit: 35:2
“And Yaakov said to his house and to all with him, ‘Remove the foreign gods in your midst’” — but until this point, he did not say this to them. Now, Rachel stole her father’s terafim, because under their father’s law they all were, the women and the children. This is what is written there (ibid. 31:53), “The God of Avraham and the god of Nachor will judge between us, the God of their fathers.”
“‘And purify yourselves’” — wash yourselves, because until now you have served foreign gods. Therefore, “‘And change your clothes,’” similar to (Devarim: 21:13), “And she will remove her clothes of captivity,” for all of the garb and jewelry of idolaters is impure, and one may not even benefit from them. Therefore, they gave the rings to him, and Yaakov hid them.
What lesson can we learn from the Ibn Ezra?

(א) לא יחיה כי חשב שגנב אותם אחד מהעבדים לעבדם ולחזור לסורו:

(1) לא יחיה. He thought that one of the servants must have stolen the teraphim in order to worship them as he had been doing before becoming part of Yaakov’s household.