- Parallels in the Creation and Noach Stories
WATER:
(ב) וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹקִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃
(2) the earth being unformed and void, with darkness over the surface of the deep and a wind from God sweeping over the water—
LIGHT:
(ב) וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹקִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ (ג) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹקִ֖ים יְהִ֣י א֑וֹר וַֽיְהִי־אֽוֹר׃ (ד) וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹקִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר כִּי־ט֑וֹב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹקִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֥ין הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃
(2) the earth being unformed and void, with darkness over the surface of the deep and a wind from God sweeping over the water— (3) God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. (4) God saw that the light was good, and God separated the light from the darkness.
(טז) צֹ֣הַר ׀ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה לַתֵּבָ֗ה וְאֶל־אַמָּה֙ תְּכַלֶּ֣נָּה מִלְמַ֔עְלָה וּפֶ֥תַח הַתֵּבָ֖ה בְּצִדָּ֣הּ תָּשִׂ֑ים תַּחְתִּיִּ֛ם שְׁנִיִּ֥ם וּשְׁלִשִׁ֖ים תַּֽעֲשֶֽׂהָ׃
(16) Make an opening for daylight in the ark, and terminate it within a cubit of the top.-c Put the entrance to the ark in its side; make it with bottom, second, and third decks.
(א) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר ה' אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ׃
(1) The LORD said to Abram, “Go forth from your native land and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you.
ANIMALS Creation of animals; animals enter the ark
God's Command:
(כח) וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָם֮ אֱלֹקִים֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם אֱלֹקִ֗ים פְּר֥וּ וּרְב֛וּ וּמִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְכִבְשֻׁ֑הָ וּרְד֞וּ בִּדְגַ֤ת הַיָּם֙ וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּבְכׇל־חַיָּ֖ה הָֽרֹמֶ֥שֶׂת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (כט) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹקִ֗ים הִנֵּה֩ נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם אֶת־כׇּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב ׀ זֹרֵ֣עַ זֶ֗רַע אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כׇל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶת־כׇּל־הָעֵ֛ץ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֥וֹ פְרִי־עֵ֖ץ זֹרֵ֣עַ זָ֑רַע לָכֶ֥ם יִֽהְיֶ֖ה לְאׇכְלָֽה׃
(28) God blessed them and God said to them, “Be fertile and increase, fill the earth and master it; and rule the fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, and all the living things that creep on earth.” (29) God said, “See, I give you every seed-bearing plant that is upon all the earth, and every tree that has seed-bearing fruit; they shall be yours for food.
(א) וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֱלֹקִ֔ים אֶת־נֹ֖חַ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֧אמֶר לָהֶ֛ם פְּר֥וּ וּרְב֖וּ וּמִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ב) וּמוֹרַאֲכֶ֤ם וְחִתְּכֶם֙ יִֽהְיֶ֔ה עַ֚ל כׇּל־חַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעַ֖ל כׇּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּרְמֹ֧שׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֛ה וּֽבְכׇל־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶ֥ם נִתָּֽנוּ׃ (ג) כׇּל־רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוּא־חַ֔י לָכֶ֥ם יִהְיֶ֖ה לְאׇכְלָ֑ה כְּיֶ֣רֶק עֵ֔שֶׂב נָתַ֥תִּי לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־כֹּֽל׃
(1) God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, “Be fertile and increase, and fill the earth. (2) The fear and the dread of you shall be upon all the beasts of the earth and upon all the birds of the sky—everything with which the earth is astir—and upon all the fish of the sea; they are given into your hand. (3) Every creature that lives shall be yours to eat; as with the green grasses, I give you all these.
A second chance at Creation leads to....failure
(א) וַֽיְהִ֥י כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ שָׂפָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וּדְבָרִ֖ים אֲחָדִֽים׃ (ב) וַֽיְהִ֖י בְּנׇסְעָ֣ם מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַֽיִּמְצְא֥וּ בִקְעָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שִׁנְעָ֖ר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם׃ (ג) וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ הָ֚בָה נִלְבְּנָ֣ה לְבֵנִ֔ים וְנִשְׂרְפָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וַתְּהִ֨י לָהֶ֤ם הַלְּבֵנָה֙ לְאָ֔בֶן וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ר הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לַחֹֽמֶר׃ (ד) וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ הָ֣בָה ׀ נִבְנֶה־לָּ֣נוּ עִ֗יר וּמִגְדָּל֙ וְרֹאשׁ֣וֹ בַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנַֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֖נוּ שֵׁ֑ם פֶּן־נָפ֖וּץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ה) וַיֵּ֣רֶד ה' לִרְאֹ֥ת אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ה' הֵ֣ן עַ֤ם אֶחָד֙ וְשָׂפָ֤ה אַחַת֙ לְכֻלָּ֔ם וְזֶ֖ה הַחִלָּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וְעַתָּה֙ לֹֽא־יִבָּצֵ֣ר מֵהֶ֔ם כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָזְמ֖וּ לַֽעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ (ז) הָ֚בָה נֵֽרְדָ֔ה וְנָבְלָ֥ה שָׁ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפַ֥ת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ (ח) וַיָּ֨פֶץ ה' אֹתָ֛ם מִשָּׁ֖ם עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כׇל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּחְדְּל֖וּ לִבְנֹ֥ת הָעִֽיר׃ (ט) עַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּי־שָׁ֛ם בָּלַ֥ל ה' שְׂפַ֣ת כׇּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּמִשָּׁם֙ הֱפִיצָ֣ם ה' עַל־פְּנֵ֖י כׇּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ {פ}
(1) Everyone on earth had the same language and the same words. (2) And as they migrated from the east, they came upon a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. (3) They said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and burn them hard.”—Brick served them as stone, and bitumen served them as mortar.— (4) And they said, “Come, let us build us a city, and a tower with its top in the sky, to make a name for ourselves; else we shall be scattered all over the world.” (5) The LORD came down to look at the city and tower that man had built, (6) and the LORD said, “If, as one people with one language for all, this is how they have begun to act, then nothing that they may propose to do will be out of their reach. (7) Let us, then, go down and confound their speech there, so that they shall not understand one another’s speech.” (8) Thus the LORD scattered them from there over the face of the whole earth; and they stopped building the city. (9) That is why it was called Babel, because there the LORD confounded the speech of the whole earth; and from there the LORD scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
- A third chance: Avraham and Sarah
(ד) וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ הָ֣בָה ׀ נִבְנֶה־לָּ֣נוּ עִ֗יר וּמִגְדָּל֙ וְרֹאשׁ֣וֹ בַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנַֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֖נוּ שֵׁ֑ם פֶּן־נָפ֖וּץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
(4) And they said, “Come, let us build us a city, and a tower with its top in the sky, to make a name for ourselves; else we shall be scattered all over the world.”
(ח) וַיַּעְתֵּ֨ק מִשָּׁ֜ם הָהָ֗רָה מִקֶּ֛דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֖ל וַיֵּ֣ט אׇהֳלֹ֑ה בֵּֽית־אֵ֤ל מִיָּם֙ וְהָעַ֣י מִקֶּ֔דֶם וַיִּֽבֶן־שָׁ֤ם מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַֽה' וַיִּקְרָ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם ה'׃
(8) From there he moved on to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east; and he built there an altar to the LORD and invoked the LORD by name.
Bereishit Rabbah 39:1
“Now the Lord said to Abram, ‘Go from your country…’. Rabbi Isaac said: a parable to one who travels from place to place, and sees a palace in flames. He says, “is it possible that this palace has no master?” The master of the palace peered out upon him and said, “I am the master of this palace.” Thus, because Abraham our father said “is it possible that this world has no master?”, the Master of the Universe peered out upon him and said, “I am the Master of this place.”
“Now the Lord said to Abram, ‘Go from your country…’. Rabbi Isaac said: a parable to one who travels from place to place, and sees a palace in flames. He says, “is it possible that this palace has no master?” The master of the palace peered out upon him and said, “I am the master of this palace.” Thus, because Abraham our father said “is it possible that this world has no master?”, the Master of the Universe peered out upon him and said, “I am the Master of this place.”
(ה) רַבִּי עֲזַרְיָה פָּתַח (ירמיה נא, ט): רִפִּאנוּ אֶת בָּבֶל וְלֹא נִרְפָּתָה עִזְבוּהָ וְנֵלֵךְ אִישׁ לְאַרְצוֹ. רִפִּאנוּ אֶת בָּבֶל, בְּדוֹר אֱנוֹשׁ. וְלֹא נִרְפָּתָה, בְּדוֹר הַמַּבּוּל. עִזְבוּהָ, בְּדוֹר הַפְלָגָה. וְנֵלֵךְ אִישׁ לְאַרְצוֹ, וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל אַבְרָם לֶךְ לְךָ.
Rav Avi Weiss, "Lech Lecha parsha: The three creation stories"
In a word, the first chapters of the Torah are universal. God chose humankind over all other species He created. But humankind did not fulfill the chosen role God had assigned to it on two separate occasions (Bereishit Rabbah 39:5).
And here begins the third story of creation, in which God chooses Abraham and Sarah to be the father and mother of the Jewish People. Not coincidentally, after the tower narrative, the Torah traces the lineage of Abraham and Sarah (Genesis 11:10–32). Their mandate was not to be insular, but to be a blessing for the entire world. To do their share, as we should do ours, to redeem the Jewish People and the larger world (12:3).
In a word, the first chapters of the Torah are universal. God chose humankind over all other species He created. But humankind did not fulfill the chosen role God had assigned to it on two separate occasions (Bereishit Rabbah 39:5).
And here begins the third story of creation, in which God chooses Abraham and Sarah to be the father and mother of the Jewish People. Not coincidentally, after the tower narrative, the Torah traces the lineage of Abraham and Sarah (Genesis 11:10–32). Their mandate was not to be insular, but to be a blessing for the entire world. To do their share, as we should do ours, to redeem the Jewish People and the larger world (12:3).
(ג) וַאֲבָֽרְכָה֙ מְבָ֣רְכֶ֔יךָ וּמְקַלֶּלְךָ֖ אָאֹ֑ר וְנִבְרְכ֣וּ בְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָֽה׃
(3) I will bless those who bless you
And curse him that curses you;
And all the families of the earth
Shall bless themselves by you.”
And curse him that curses you;
And all the families of the earth
Shall bless themselves by you.”
- II. Living with Uncertainty: The Journey of Avraham and Sarah
Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg , The Beginning of Desire: Reflections on Genesis
For the first time, a journey is undertaken not as an act of exile and diminution (Adam, Cain and the dispersed generation of Babel), but as a response to a divine imperative that articulates and emphasizes displacement as its crucial experience. For what is most striking here is the indeterminacy of the journey. What is left behind, cancelled out, is defined, clearly circled on the map of Abram’s being; but his destination is merely “the land that I shall show you”: from “your land,” the landscape of your basic self-awareness, to a place that you will know only when the light falls on it with a difference.
For the first time, a journey is undertaken not as an act of exile and diminution (Adam, Cain and the dispersed generation of Babel), but as a response to a divine imperative that articulates and emphasizes displacement as its crucial experience. For what is most striking here is the indeterminacy of the journey. What is left behind, cancelled out, is defined, clearly circled on the map of Abram’s being; but his destination is merely “the land that I shall show you”: from “your land,” the landscape of your basic self-awareness, to a place that you will know only when the light falls on it with a difference.
Bereshit Rabbah 39:11
Said Rabbi Hiyya: The journey causes three things: a reduction in offspring, a reduction in means and a reduction in reputation. Therefore, to counter the reduction in offspring, “I will make of you a great nation.” To counter the reduction in means, “and I will bless you.” To counter the reduction in reputation, “and make your name great.”
Said Rabbi Hiyya: The journey causes three things: a reduction in offspring, a reduction in means and a reduction in reputation. Therefore, to counter the reduction in offspring, “I will make of you a great nation.” To counter the reduction in means, “and I will bless you.” To counter the reduction in reputation, “and make your name great.”
Radak Genesis 12
Now the Lord said to Abram--”Said,” meaning that He spoke to Abram before he left Ur of the Chaldeans, and according to the word of God he left….
From your land-- for it is hard for a person to leave his land where he has lived for many years, especially if he was born there, and especially if he leaves behind his father’s house and his family to go to a land he did not know yesterday….If God had told him “to a land like your land” or “a land better than your land” it would not have been so hard, but God told him, “to the land that I will show you” and he did not know whether the land was good or bad….and the Torah teaches us all of this to show the love of Abraham our father, for all of these things are difficult for people and Abraham accepted it all with love to do the will of God.
Now the Lord said to Abram--”Said,” meaning that He spoke to Abram before he left Ur of the Chaldeans, and according to the word of God he left….
From your land-- for it is hard for a person to leave his land where he has lived for many years, especially if he was born there, and especially if he leaves behind his father’s house and his family to go to a land he did not know yesterday….If God had told him “to a land like your land” or “a land better than your land” it would not have been so hard, but God told him, “to the land that I will show you” and he did not know whether the land was good or bad….and the Torah teaches us all of this to show the love of Abraham our father, for all of these things are difficult for people and Abraham accepted it all with love to do the will of God.