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Why Do We Bless?

(י) וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ אֶת ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ עַל הָאָרֶץ הַטֹּבָה אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָךְ.

(10) And thou shalt eat and be satisfied, and bless the LORD thy God for the good land which He hath given thee.

Alternative translation

(10) When you have eaten your fill, give thanks to the LORD your God for the good land which He has given you.

Is this verse meant to be descriptive or prescriptive? Does the urge to bless God simply well up or is it something we must make ourselves do?

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: מִנַּיִן לְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן לְאַחֲרֶיהָ מִן הַתּוֹרָה — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ״.
Rav Yehuda said: From where is the mitzva by Torah law to recite Grace after Meals, derived? As it is stated: “And you shall eat and be satisfied and bless the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 8:10).

The Sefer HaChinuch picks up on something that he sees as--if not problematic, at least complicated about the nature of this commandment.

After reading the source, take a moment to see how you feel about it.

And keep this source in mind as we look at the rest; see who appears to be operating from a similar premise and who does not.

משרשי המצוה. הקדמה, הלא הגדתי לך בני במה שקדם, כי לשם ברוך הוא כל הכבוד וההוד וכל הטוב וכל החכמה וכל היכלת וכל הברכה, ודברי בן אדם וכל מעשהו אם טוב ואם רע לא יוסיף ולא יגרע, על כן צריך אתה להבחין כי באמרנו תמיד בברכות ברוך אתה השם או יתברך, אין המשמעות לפי הדומה, להוסיף ברכה במי שאיננו צריך לשום תוספת חלילה, כי הוא האדון על הכל ועל הברכות, הוא מחדש אותן, וממציאן מאין, ומשפיע מהן שפע רב באשר יהיה שם רצונו הטוב. על כן צריכין אנו לחפש כונת הענין מהו, ולא נוציא זמננו במה שהעסק בו תמיד מבלי הבנה בו כלל.

From the roots of the commandment, [there is a need to] preface that, have I not told you, my son in what has preceded, that all glory, all majesty, all the good, all wisdom, all power and blessing are of God, blessed be He. And the words of people and all of their deeds - whether good or bad - will not add or subtract [from Him]. Hence you must distinguish that in our always saying in the blessings, "Blessed are You, God," or [in our saying,] "May He be blessed," the understanding is not as it seems, to add blessing to the One who does need any addition, God forbid. As He is the Master over everything and over all the blessing; He renews them and creates them and emanates great abundance from them when His good will is [present] there. Therefore, we must search what is the intention of the matter and not expend our time in that with which we are always involved without any understanding at all.

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: כׇּל הַנֶּהֱנֶה מִן הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה כְּאִילּוּ נֶהֱנָה מִקׇּדְשֵׁי שָׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לַה׳ הָאָרֶץ וּמְלוֹאָהּ״. רַבִּי לֵוִי רָמֵי: כְּתִיב ״לַה׳ הָאָרֶץ וּמְלוֹאָהּ״, וּכְתִיב ״הַשָּׁמַיִם שָׁמַיִם לַה׳ וְהָאָרֶץ נָתַן לִבְנֵי אָדָם״! לָא קַשְׁיָא כָּאן קוֹדֶם בְּרָכָה, כָּאן לְאַחַר בְּרָכָה.
Similarly, Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: One who derives benefit from this world without a blessing, it is as if he enjoyed objects consecrated to the heavens, as it is stated: “The earth and all it contains is the Lord’s, the world and all those who live in it” (Psalms 24:1). Rabbi Levi expressed this concept differently. Rabbi Levi raised a contradiction: It is written: “The earth and all it contains is the Lord’s,” and it is written elsewhere: “The heavens are the Lord’s and the earth He has given over to mankind” (Psalms 115:16). There is clearly a contradiction with regard to whom the earth belongs. He himself resolves the contradiction: This is not difficult. Here, the verse that says that the earth is the Lord’s refers to the situation before a blessing is recited, and here, where it says that He gave the earth to mankind refers to after a blessing is recited.

(יז) (יז) אמר החבר: לעומת זה ההכנה להנאה וההבחנה בה והמחשבה אל העדרה לפני בואה כל אלה כופלות את ההנאה וזוהי אחת מתועלות הברכות לכל מי שקבל עליו לקימן בכונה ובשלמות כי הן מביאות לנפש האדם את ההבחנה במין ההנאה ומולידות את ההרגשה בצרך להודות עליה למי שנתנה לאחר שהיה האדם חושש להעדרה ואז תגדל השמחה על הנאה זו כך אתה מברך שהחינו וקימנו

(17) 17. The Rabbi: Preparing for a pleasure, experiencing it and looking forward to it, double the feeling of enjoyment. This is the advantage of the blessings for him who is used to say them with attention and devotion. They produce in his soul a kind of pleasure and gratitude towards the Giver. He was prepared to give them up; now his pleasure is all the greater, and he says: 'He has kept us alive and preserved us.'

ושמעתי מפי מו"ז ז"ל שהענין כמו במזון שיש ברכה לפני' והוא על גוף המזון שברא השי"ת. וברכת המזון לאחרי' הוא על כח המזין שיש בהמזון שהוא השביעה והעיכול שמתברך המזון במעיו ומחזק כחו של האדם.

And I heard from the mouth of my teacher and grandfather of blessed memory that the matter is like that of food, where there is a blessing beforehand over the substance of the food that God created. And the blessing after the meal is for the strength to nourish that is in the food, the satiation and the process of digestion that food blesses one with in their innards and gives one's body sustenance.

רש"ר הירש דברים ח':י'
זה הדבר שבא לידי ביטוי בברכת הזן, הברכה הראשונה של ברכת המזון. כשאנו מברכים ברכה זו, אנו "נודרים" להקדיש את חיינו למי שזן את הכל.

So what different reasons do you see here for why we bless?

Do you lean any particular way? Which one do you think will jump to mind when you make your next blessing?

דָּרֵשׁ רַב עַוִּירָא, זִמְנִין אָמַר לַהּ מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אַמֵּי וְזִמְנִין אָמַר לַהּ מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אַסִּי: אָמְרוּ מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, כָּתוּב בְּתוֹרָתֶךָ ״אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשָּׂא פָנִים וְלֹא יִקַּח שֹׁחַד״, וַהֲלֹא אַתָּה נוֹשֵׂא פָּנִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, דִּכְתִיב: ״יִשָּׂא ה׳ פָּנָיו אֵלֶיךָ״?! אָמַר לָהֶם: וְכִי לֹא אֶשָּׂא פָּנִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁכָּתַבְתִּי לָהֶם בַּתּוֹרָה ״וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ אֶת ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ״, וְהֵם מְדַקְדְּקִים [עַל] עַצְמָם עַד כְּזַיִת וְעַד כְּבֵיצָה.
After citing the halakha that one who eats a quantity of food that does not satisfy his hunger is obligated by rabbinic law to recite Grace after Meals, the Gemara cites a related homiletic interpretation. Rav Avira taught, sometimes he said it in the name of Rabbi Ami, and sometimes he said it in the name of Rabbi Asi: The ministering angels said before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, in Your Torah it is written: “The great, mighty and awesome God who favors no one and takes no bribe” (Deuteronomy 10:17), yet You, nevertheless, show favor to Israel, as it is written: “The Lord shall show favor to you and give you peace” (Numbers 6:26). He replied to them: And how can I not show favor to Israel, as I wrote for them in the Torah: “And you shall eat and be satisfied, and bless the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 8:10), meaning that there is no obligation to bless the Lord until one is satiated; yet they are exacting with themselves to recite Grace after Meals even if they have eaten as much as an olive-bulk or an egg-bulk. Since they go beyond the requirements of the law, they are worthy of favor.