אלעזר בן מתיא אומר אבא אומר השקיני מים ומצוה לעשות מניח אני כבוד אבא ועושה את המצוה שאני ואבא חייבים במצוה. איסי בן יהודה אומר אם אפשר למצוה ליעשות ע"י אחרים תיעשה על ידי אחרים וילך הוא בכבוד אביו. אמר רב מתנה הלכה כאיסי בן יהודה
א"ר יצחק בר שילא א"ר מתנה אמר רב חסדא האב שמחל על כבודו כבודו מחול הרב שמחל על כבודו אין כבודו מחול. ורב יוסף אמר אפי' הרב שמחל על כבודו כבודו מחול שנאמר (שמות יג, כא) ויי' הולך לפניהם יומם. אמר רבא הכי השתא התם הקדוש ב"ה עלמא דיליה הוא ותורה דיליה היא מחיל ליה ליקריה
Eleazar b. Mathia said: If my father orders me, ‘Give me a drink of water’, while I have a precept to perform, I disregard my father's honour and perform the precept, since both my father and I are bound to fulfil the precepts. Issi b. Judah maintained: If the precept can be performed by others, it should be performed by others, while he should bestir himself for his father's honour. Said R. Mattena: The halachah agrees with Issi b. Judah.
R. Isaac b. Shila said in R. Mattena's name in the name of R. Hisda: If a father renounces the honour due to him, it is renounced; but if a Rabbi renounces his honour, it is not renounced. R. Joseph ruled: Even if a Rabbi renounces his honour, it is renounced, for it is said: And the Lord went before them by day the world is His and the Torah is His; [hence] He can forego His honor. Said Raba: How compare! There, with respect to the Holy One, blessed be He,
הכא תורה דיליה היא. הדר אמר רבא אין תורה דיליה היא דכתיב (תהלים א, ב) ובתורתו יהגה יומם ולילה. איני והא רבא משקי בי הלולא דבריה ודל ליה כסא לרב פפא ולרב הונא בריה דרב יהושע וקמו מקמיה לרב מרי ולרב פנחס בריה דרב חסדא ולא קמו מקמיה איקפד ואמר הנו רבנן רבנן והנו רבנן לאו רבנן. ותו רב פפא הוה משקי בי הלולא דאבא מר בריה ודלי ליה כסא לר' יצחק בריה דרב יהודה ולא קם מקמיה ואיקפד אפ"ה הידור מיעבד ליה בעו.
אמר רב אשי אפילו למ"ד הרב שמחל על כבודו כבודו מחול נשיא שמחל על כבודו אין כבודו מחול.
מיתיבי מעשה ברבי אליעזר ורבי יהושע ורבי צדוק שהיו מסובין בבית המשתה בנו של רבן גמליאל והיה רבן גמליאל עומד ומשקה עליהם נתן הכוס לר' אליעזר ולא נטלו נתנו לר' יהושע וקיבלו אמר לו רבי אליעזר מה זה יהושע אנו יושבין ורבן גמליאל (ברבי) עומד ומשקה עלינו. אמר ליה מצינו גדול ממנו ששמש (אברהם גדול ממנו ושמש) אברהם גדול הדור היה וכתוב בו (בראשית יח, ח) והוא עומד עליהם ושמא תאמרו כמלאכי השרת נדמו לו לא נדמו לו אלא לערביים ואנו לא יהא רבן גמליאל ברבי עומד ומשקה עלינו. אמר להם רבי צדוק עד מתי אתם מניחים כבודו של מקום ואתם עוסקים בכבוד הבריות הקב"ה משיב רוחות ומעלה נשיאים ומוריד מטר ומצמיח אדמה ועורך שולחן לפני כל אחד ואחד ואנו לא. יהא רבן גמליאל ברבי עומד ומשקה עלינו.
אלא אי איתמר הכי איתמר אמר רב אשי אפילו למ"ד נשיא שמחל על כבודו כבודו מחול מלך שמחל על כבודו אין כבודו מחול שנאמר (דברים יז, טו) שום תשים עליך מלך שתהא אימתו עליך.
But here, is then the Torah his [the Rabbi's]?
Subsequently Raba said: Indeed, the Torah is his [the scholar's], for it is written, and in his law doth he meditate day and night.
But that is not so! For Raba was serving drink at his son's wedding, and when he offered a cup to R. Papa and R. Huna son of R. Joshua, they stood up before him; but [when he offered] R. Mari and R. Phineas son of R. Hisda, they did not stand up before him. Thereupon he was offended and exclaimed: ‘Are these Rabbis and the others not!’ It also happened that R. Papa was serving drink at the wedding of Abba Mar, his son; when he offered a cup to R. Isaac son of Rab Judah, he did not rise before him, whereupon he was offended!— Even so, they should have shewn him respect.
R. Ashi said: Even on the view that if a Rabbi renounces his honour it is renounced, yet if a Nasi
renounces his honour, his renunciation is invalid. An objection is raised: It once happened that R. Eliezar, R. Joshua and R. Zadok were reclining at a banquet of Rabban Gamaliel's son, while Rabban Gamaliel was standing over them and serving drink. On his offering a cup to R. Eliezer, he did not accept it; but when he offered it to R. Joshua, he did. Said R. Eliezer to him, ‘What is this, Joshua: we are sitting, while Rabban Gamaliel is standing over us and serving drink!’ ‘We find that even a greater than he acted as servitor’, he replied: ‘Abraham was the greatest man of his age, it is written of him, and he stood over them. And should you say that they appeared to him as Ministering Angels — they appeared to him only as Arabs. Then shall not R. Gamaliel Berabbi stand over us and offer drink! Said R. Zadok unto them: ‘How long will you disregard the honor of the Omnipresent and occupy yourselves with the honour of men! The Holy One, blessed be He, causeth the winds to blow,
before every one; and we — shall not R. Gamaliel Berabbi stand over us and offer drink’! —
But if stated, it was thus stated: R. Ashi said: Even on the view that if a Nasi renounces his honour it is
valid, yet if a king renounces his honour it is not, for it is said, thou shalt surely set a king over thee, teaching that his authority shall be over thee.
(ו) הָרוֹאֶה חָכָם אֵינוֹ עוֹמֵד מִפָּנָיו עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ לוֹ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָבַר יוֹשֵׁב. רָאָה אַב בֵּית דִּין עוֹמֵד מִלְּפָנָיו מִשֶּׁיִּרְאֶנּוּ מֵרָחוֹק מְלֹא עֵינָיו וְאֵינוֹ יוֹשֵׁב עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר מֵאַחֲרָיו אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. רָאָה אֶת הַנָּשִׂיא עוֹמֵד מִלְּפָנָיו מְלֹא עֵינָיו וְאֵינוֹ יוֹשֵׁב עַד שֶׁיֵּשֵׁב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ אוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּתְכַּסֶּה מֵעֵינָיו. וְהַנָּשִׂיא שֶׁמָּחַל עַל כְּבוֹדוֹ כְּבוֹדוֹ מָחוּל. כְּשֶׁהַנָּשִׂיא נִכְנָס כָּל הָעָם עוֹמְדִים וְאֵינָן יוֹשְׁבִין עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהֶם שְׁבוּ. כְּשֶׁאָב בֵּית דִּין נִכְנָס עוֹשִׂין לוֹ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת וְעוֹמְדִין מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן עַד שֶׁנִּכְנָס וְיוֹשֵׁב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ וּשְׁאָר הָעָם יוֹשְׁבִין בִּמְקוֹמָן:
(6) One who sees a sage does not stand until he gets within four cubits of his proximity. And once he has passed by, he may sit. If one sees a beit din standing before him, he must stand from the moment he sees them from afar with a full eye, and may not sit until they pass by him four cubits away. If he saw the Nasi standing before him with a full eye, he must stand and may not sit until the Nasi sits or he is not visible. And the Nasi who gives up his honor, it is forgiven. When the Nasi enters, all the people stand and do not sit until he tells them to sit. When the Av Beit Din enters, they make two rows standing side by side until he enters and sits in his place, and then the rest of the people sit in their places.
(ז) חַיָּב לַעֲמֹד מִפְּנֵי אָבִיו. וְאִם הָאָב תַּלְמִיד בְּנוֹ, כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶם עוֹמֵד מִפְּנֵי הַשֵּׁנִי. (טוּר בְּשֵׁם הָרֹא''שׁ) הַגָּה: וְאִם הַבֵּן רוֹצֶה לִמְחֹל עַל כְּבוֹדוֹ, לְשַׁמֵּשׁ אָבִיו, הָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדוֹ, דְּהָא הָרַב שֶׁמָּחַל עַל כְּבוֹדוֹ כְּבוֹדוֹ מָחוּל. וְדַוְקָא בְּצִנְעָא, אוֹ אֲפִלּוּ בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא וְדָשׁ בְּעִירוֹ שֶׁהַכֹּל יוֹדְעִים שֶׁהוּא אָבִיו, אֲבָל אִם הַבֵּן גָּדוֹל בַּתּוֹרָה וְאֵין אָבִיו דָּשׁ בְּעִירוֹ, אִיכָּא לְמֵיחַשׁ לְבִזְיוֹן הַתּוֹרָה אִם יִתְבַּזֶּה הַבֵּן לִפְנֵי הָאָב, וְיֵשׁ לָהֶם לְהַרְחִיק זֶה מִזֶּה שֶׁלֹּא יָקֵל שׁוּם אֶחָד בִּכְבוֹדוֹ לִפְנֵי חֲבֵרוֹ (הַכֹּל סְבָרַת הָרַב לְדַעַת ב''י) ; וְכֵן עָשָׂה מוֹהֲרַ''ם עִם אָבִיו.
One is obligated to stand before his father. and if the father is a student of the son, both of them stand before the other. Note: But if the son wishes to give up his honor in order to serve his father, he may do so, for a rabbi who gives up his honor, it is forgiven. This applies in private, and even in public if he is known in the town, for everyone knows that he is his father. However, if the son is a Gadol ba-Torah and his father is not known in the town, we must be concerned about an embarrassment of Torah if the son debases himself before his father. In such a case the two should keep apart from one another so that neither will treat the other's dignity lightly.
(יט) אָסוּר לְאָדָם לְהִכְבִּיד עֻלּוֹ עַל בָּנָיו וּלְדַקְדֵּק בִּכְבוֹדוֹ עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁלֹּא יְבִיאֵם לִידֵי מִכְשׁוֹל, אֶלָּא יִמְחֹל וְיַעֲלִים עֵינָיו מֵהֶם, שֶׁהָאָב שֶׁמָּחַל עַל כְּבוֹדוֹ, כְּבוֹדוֹ מָחוּל.
It is forbidden for a man to place a yoke upon his children, or to insist on his due honor with them, in order that he should not place a stumbling block before them. Rather, he should be forgiving and should look the other way from them, for the father who forgoes his honor, his honor is forgone.
Now the proud man, since he deserves most, must be good in the highest degree; for the better man always deserves more, and the best man most. Therefore the truly proud man must be good. And greatness in every virtue would seem to be characteristic of a proud man. And it would be most unbecoming for a proud man to fly from danger, swinging his arms by his sides, or to wrong another; for to what end should he do disgraceful acts, he to whom nothing is great? If we consider him point by point we shall see the utter absurdity of a proud man who is not good. Nor, again, would he be worthy of honour if he were bad; for honour is the prize of virtue, and it is to the good that it is rendered. Pride, then, seems to be a sort of crown of the virtues; for it makes them greater, and it is not found without them. Therefore it is hard to be truly proud; for it is impossible without nobility and goodness of character. It is chiefly with honours and dishonours, then, that the proud man is concerned; and at honours that are great and conferred by good men he will be moderately Pleased, thinking that he is coming by his own or even less than his own; for there can be no honour that is worthy of perfect virtue, yet he will at any rate accept it since they have nothing greater to bestow on him; but honour from casual people and on trifling grounds he will utterly despise, since it is not this that he deserves, and dishonour too, since in his case it cannot be just. In the first place, then, as has been said, the proud man is concerned with honours; yet he will also bear himself with moderation towards wealth and power and all good or evil fortune, whatever may befall him, and will be neither over-joyed by good fortune nor over-pained by evil. For not even towards honour does he bear himself as if it were a very great thing. Power and wealth are desirable for the sake of honour (at least those who have them wish to get honour by means of them); and for him to whom even honour is a little thing the others must be so too. Hence proud men are thought to be disdainful.
The goods of fortune also are thought to contribute towards pride. For men who are well-born are thought worthy of honour, and so are those who enjoy power or wealth; for they are in a superior position, and everything that has a superiority in something good is held in greater honour. Hence even such things make men prouder; for they are honoured by some for having them; but in truth the good man alone is to be honoured; he, however, who has both advantages is thought the more worthy of honour. But those who without virtue have such goods are neither justified in making great claims nor entitled to the name of 'proud'; for these things imply perfect virtue. Disdainful and insolent, however, even those who have such goods become. For without virtue it is not easy to bear gracefully the goods of fortune; and, being unable to bear them, and thinking themselves superior to others, they despise others and themselves do what they please. They imitate the proud man without being like him, and this they do where they can; so they do not act virtuously, but they do despise others. For the proud man despises justly (since he thinks truly), but the many do so at random.
