וַֽיִּשְׁבְּת֡וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָ֭אֵלֶּה מֵעֲנ֣וֹת אֶת־אִיּ֑וֹב כִּ֤י ה֖וּא צַדִּ֣יק בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ {פ}
וַיִּ֤חַר אַ֨ף ׀ אֱלִיה֣וּא בֶן־בַּרַכְאֵ֣ל הַבּוּזִי֮ מִמִּשְׁפַּ֢חַ֫ת־רָ֥ם בְּ֭אִיּוֹב חָרָ֣ה אַפּ֑וֹ עַֽל־צַדְּק֥וֹ נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ מֵאֱלֹהִֽים׃ וּבִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת רֵעָיו֮ חָרָ֢ה אַ֫פּ֥וֹ עַ֤ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מַעֲנֶ֑ה וַ֝יַּרְשִׁ֗יעוּ אֶת־אִיּֽוֹב׃ וֶאֱלִיה֗וּ חִכָּ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב בִּדְבָרִ֑ים כִּ֤י זְֽקֵנִים־הֵ֖מָּה מִמֶּ֣נּוּ לְיָמִֽים׃ וַיַּ֤רְא אֱלִיה֗וּא כִּ֘י אֵ֤ין מַֽעֲנֶ֗ה בְּ֭פִי שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים וַיִּ֥חַר אַפּֽוֹ׃ {פ}
וַיַּ֤עַן ׀ אֱלִיה֖וּא בֶן־בַּרַכְאֵ֥ל הַבּוּזִ֗י וַיֹּ֫אמַ֥ר צָ֘עִ֤יר אֲנִ֣י לְ֭יָמִים וְאַתֶּ֣ם יְשִׁישִׁ֑ים עַל־כֵּ֖ן זָחַ֥לְתִּי וָאִירָ֓א ׀ מֵחַוֺּ֖ת דֵּעִ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם׃ אָ֭מַרְתִּי יָמִ֣ים יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ וְרֹ֥ב שָׁ֝נִ֗ים יֹדִ֥יעוּ חׇכְמָֽה׃ אָ֭כֵן רוּחַ־הִ֣יא בֶאֱנ֑וֹשׁ וְנִשְׁמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י תְּבִינֵֽם׃ לֹא־רַבִּ֥ים יֶחְכָּ֑מוּ וּ֝זְקֵנִ֗ים יָבִ֥ינוּ מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ לָכֵ֣ן אָ֭מַרְתִּי שִׁמְעָה־לִּ֑י אֲחַוֶּ֖ה דֵעִ֣י אַף־אָֽנִי׃ הֵ֤ן הוֹחַ֨לְתִּי ׀ לְֽדִבְרֵיכֶ֗ם אָ֭זִין עַד־תְּב֥וּנֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם עַֽד־תַּחְקְר֥וּן מִלִּֽין׃ וְעָ֥דֵיכֶ֗ם אֶתְבּ֫וֹנָ֥ן וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵ֣ין לְאִיּ֣וֹב מוֹכִ֑יחַ עוֹנֶ֖ה אֲמָרָ֣יו מִכֶּֽם׃ פֶּן־תֹּ֣֭אמְרוּ מָצָ֣אנוּ חׇכְמָ֑ה אֵ֖ל יִדְּפֶ֣נּוּ לֹא־אִֽישׁ׃ וְלֹא־עָרַ֣ךְ אֵלַ֣י מִלִּ֑ין וּ֝בְאִמְרֵיכֶ֗ם לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃ חַ֭תּוּ לֹא־עָ֣נוּ ע֑וֹד הֶעְתִּ֖יקוּ מֵהֶ֣ם מִלִּֽים׃ וְ֭הוֹחַלְתִּי כִּי־לֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ כִּ֥י עָ֝מְד֗וּ לֹא־עָ֥נוּ עֽוֹד׃ אַעֲנֶ֣ה אַף־אֲנִ֣י חֶלְקִ֑י אֲחַוֶּ֖ה דֵעִ֣י אַף־אָֽנִי׃ כִּ֭י מָלֵ֣תִי מִלִּ֑ים הֱ֝צִיקַ֗תְנִי ר֣וּחַ בִּטְנִֽי׃ הִנֵּֽה־בִטְנִ֗י כְּיַ֥יִן לֹֽא־יִפָּתֵ֑חַ כְּאֹב֥וֹת חֲ֝דָשִׁ֗ים יִבָּקֵֽעַ׃ אֲדַבְּרָ֥ה וְיִֽרְוַֽח־לִ֑י אֶפְתַּ֖ח שְׂפָתַ֣י וְאֶעֱנֶֽה׃ אַל־נָ֭א אֶשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְאֶל־אָ֝דָ֗ם לֹ֣א אֲכַנֶּֽה׃ כִּ֤י לֹ֣א יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֲכַנֶּ֑ה כִּ֝מְעַ֗ט יִשָּׂאֵ֥נִי עֹשֵֽׂנִי׃
These three men ceased replying to Job, for he considered himself right. Then Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, was angry—angry at Job because he thought himself right against God. He was angry as well at his three friends, because they found no reply, but merely condemned Job. Elihu waited out Job’s speech, for they were all older than he. But when Elihu saw that the three men had nothing to reply, he was angry. Then Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite said in reply: I have but few years, while you are old; Therefore I was too awestruck and fearful To hold forth among you. I thought, “Let age speak; Let advanced years declare wise things.” But truly it is the spirit in men, The breath of Shaddai, that gives them understanding. It is not the aged who are wise, The elders, who understand how to judge. Therefore I say, “Listen to me; I too would hold forth.” Here I have waited out your speeches, I have given ear to your insights, While you probed the issues; But as I attended to you, I saw that none of you could argue with Job, Or offer replies to his statements. I fear you will say, “We have found the wise course; God will defeat him, not man.” He did not set out his case against me, Nor shall I use your reasons to reply to him. They have been broken and can no longer reply; Words fail them. I have waited till they stopped speaking, Till they ended and no longer replied. Now I also would have my say; I too would like to hold forth, For I am full of words; The wind in my belly presses me. My belly is like wine not yet opened, Like jugs of new wine ready to burst. Let me speak, then, and get relief; Let me open my lips and reply. I would not show regard for any man, Or temper my speech for anyone’s sake; For I do not know how to temper my speech— My Maker would soon carry me off!
THOU SHALT NOT HATE THY BROTHER IN THY HEART. Because it is the way of those who hate a person to cover up their hatred in their hearts, just as it is said, He that hateth dissembleth with his lips, but he layeth up deceit within him, therefore Scripture speaks of the usual events, [mentioning, thou shalt not hate thy brother ‘in thy heart,’ but the law forbids all hating, even if done openly]. THOU SHALT SURELY REBUKE THY NEIGHBOR, This constitutes another commandment, that we must teach him reproof of instruction. THOU SHALT NOT BEAR SIN BECAUSE OF HIM, for you will bear sin because of his transgression if you do not rebuke him. Onkelos’ rendition tends towards this explanation, for he translated, “and do not receive guilt because of him,” meaning that you should not be punished by his sin. Following these commandments He then said [in the following verse] that you are to love your neighbor. Thus he who hates his neighbor violates a negative commandment, and he who loves him, fulfills a positive commandment.
The correct interpretation appears to me to be that the expression ‘hochei’ach tochiach’ (thou shalt surely rebuke), is similar to ‘V’hochiach Avraham’ (And Abraham reproved) Abimelech. The verse here is thus stating: “do not hate your brother in your heart when he does something to you against your will, but instead you are to reprove him, saying, ‘Why did you do thus to me?’ and you will not bear sin because of him by covering up your hatred of him in your heart and not telling him, for when you will reprove him, he will justify himself before you [so that you will have no cause to hate him], or he will regret his action and admit his sin, and you will forgive him.” After that He admonishes [in the following verse] that you are not to take vengeance of him, nor bear a grudge in your heart against him because of what he has done to you, for it is possible that he will not hate him, but yet he will remember in his heart his neighbor’s sin against him; therefore He admonished him that he is to erase his brother’s sin and transgression against him from his heart. Following that admonition, He commanded that he love him as himself.
• על איוב חרה אפו על צדקו נפשו מאלהים, שהגם שידע בעצמו שהוא צדיק ולא מצא שום טעם לייסוריו, לא היה לו להכריע את האמת אשר בעצם המשיג על האמת אשר בעצם המושג, שאחר שדבר זה שלא יתייחס לה' ברוך הוא העדר חכמה או יכולת או רצון הוא דבר מאומת בעצמו כמו שהוא אמת שה' נמצא, כי מופתי התבונה אשר ילמדו אותנו שנמצא עצם אחד בב"ת, אשר המציא כל המציאות בחכמתו ויכולתו ורצונו האין סוף, הם ילמדו גם כן שהעצם הזה הוא שלם בתכלית השלימות, ושראוי שירוחקו ממנו כל החסרונות, ושהוא מנהיג ומשגיח בחכמה ורצון ויכולת בב"ת, ועתה, הגם שהבחינה והניסיון (ממה שידע בעצמו שבאו עליו ייסורים בלא חטא) תכריע לו ההפך, שנמצא לאות או עוול בהנהגתו, הלא מופתי התבונ יכריעו את מופתי החוש והדמיון, כי החוש יכזב לפעמים במשפטיו, כמו שהתוכן המהנדס אשר התברר לו במופתי הלימודיות שהשמש גדולה ק"ע פעמים מן כדור הארץ, יכריע במופתיו אלה את החוש שיראה את השמש כקערה אחת קטנה, וישתדל לברר שהחוש טועה בזה ויברר סיבת טעותו, וכן היה ראוי לו לבטל האמת הנדמה לו לפי בחינתו בעצמו, מפני האמת הכולל המוכרע במופתי התבונה הכוללת.
• He had been infuriated by Job for justifying himself rather than God (Job 32:2). Notwithstanding his conviction that he was a righteous person and that he could find no reason for his suffering, he should not have appraised the truth or otherwise of that which challenges the truth of the entity in question. For the notion that no lack of wisdom, ability or will can be attributed to God, Blessed be He, is of itself a truth, just as it is a truth that God exists. This follows from the philosophical proofs that teach us of the existence of a single impalpable entity who, by its infinite wisdom, ability and will, brought all that exists into being. These proofs also teach that this entity is absolutely perfect, that no shortcoming can be attributed to it and that it governs and exercises its authority with sublime wisdom, will and ability. Despite the fact that experiment and experience (such as Job’s own unwarranted suffering) may prove the opposite, namely, that there is indifference or injustice in His Governance, philosophical proofs transcend the evidence of sense-perception and conjecture. For judgments based on sense-perception can sometimes miss the mark, as was shown by the geometer astronomer who demonstrated, by scholarly proofs, that the sun is 170 times larger than the Earth. Just as he refuted the sense evidence that perceives the sun as a single small disc and attempted to explain that sense-perception can err and the reason for its error, so Job should have rejected the apparent truth derived from of his own experience in favor of the universal truth verified by general philosophy.