Ashkenazim and Kitniyot (As derived from CJLS Teshuvah)

She’elah:
Since it is recognized that Sephardim permit the eating of kitniyot (legumes, rice and corn) on Pesah, although Ashkenazim traditionally do not do so, might kitniyot be permitted to Ashkenazim?

(ה) אלו דברים שאדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו בפסח: בחטים, בשעורים, בכסמין ובשיפון ובשבלת שועל.

(5) These are the [grains] with which a person may discharge his [obligation to eat matsa] on Pesach: with wheat, with barley, with spelt, and with rye, and with oats.

הני אין אורז ודוחן לא מנהני מילי אמר רבי שמעון בן לקיש וכן תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל וכן תנא דבי ר' אליעזר בן יעקב אמר קרא (דברים טז, ג) לא תאכל עליו חמץ שבעת ימים תאכל עליו מצות דברים הבאים לידי חימוץ אדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו במצה יצאו אלו שאין באין לידי חימוץ אלא לידי סירחון

These yes; rice and millet, no. From where [in the Torah] do we learn this? Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said, and so they taught in the House of Rabbi Yishmael and in the House of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov: the verse said: “you shall not eat hametz with it [the Pesach offering], for seven days thereafter you shall eat matzot(Deut. 16:3) foods that become leavened through man’s efforts can be used to fulfill the obligation of eating matzah. This comes to exclude things that do not become hametz, but rather sirahon [decay].

(א) אֵין אָסוּר מִשּׁוּם חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח אֶלָּא חֲמֵשֶׁת מִינֵי דָּגָן בִּלְבַד. וְהֵם שְׁנֵי מִינֵי חִטִּים שֶׁהֵן הַחִטָּה וְהַכֻּסֶּמֶת. וּשְׁלֹשָׁה מִינֵי הַשְּׂעוֹרִים שֶׁהֵן הַשְּׂעוֹרָה וְשִׁבּלֶת שׁוּעָל וְהַשִּׁפּוֹן. אֲבָל קִטְנִיּוֹת כְּגוֹן אֹרֶז וְדֹחַן וּפוֹלִים וַעֲדָשִׁים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אֵין בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם חָמֵץ אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ לָשׁ קֶמַח אֹרֶז וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ בְּרוֹתְחִין וְכִסָּהוּ בִּבְגָדִים עַד שֶׁנִּתְפַּח כְּמוֹ בָּצֵק שֶׁהֶחֱמִיץ הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה שֶׁאֵין זֶה חִמּוּץ אֶלָּא סֵרָחוֹן:

(Maimonides) There is no prohibition regarding ḥametz on Pesaḥ, other than the five species of grain... but kitniyot such as rice and millet, beans and lentils and the like cannot become ḥametz, so even if one kneads rice flour and the like in boiling water and covers it with a cloth until it rises like dough that has fermented it is still permitted to be eaten because it is not leavening but sirahon [decay].

Rabbeinu Peretz (France, 13th c.), comment to the Sefer Mitzvot Katan of his teacher Isaac of Corbeil, Mitzvah 222

Concerning kitniyot... our rabbis customarily prohibit altogether eating them on Pesah.... But many great sages permit them. ... [I]t appears that we should support the custom and prohibit all kitniyot on Pesah, not as true hametz, for that is an error, but as a decree because kitniyot are cooked, as grain is cooked, in a porridge, and were we to permit kitniyot [people] might come to substitute and permit [grain-based] porridge... and it is something grain-like (midi d’midgan3 ) like the five species... It is [therefore] a fit custom to refrain from all kitniyot, as I explained... Even though the Talmud permitted rice, this was specifically in their day when all were fluent in the laws of prohibition and permission, but in these latter generations it is clear that one should be restrictive, as I have said.

(א) אֵלּוּ דְּבָרִים שֶׁיּוֹצְאִים בָּהֶם יְדֵי חוֹבַת מַצָּה, בְּחִטִּים וּבִשְׂעוֹרִים וּבְכֻסְמִין וּבְשִׁבּוֹלֶת שׁוּעָל וּבְשִׁיפוֹן, וְהַמִּנְהָג לִקַּח לְכַתְּחִלָּה חִטִּים, (מַהֲרִי''ל), אֲבָל לֹא בְּאֹרֶז וּשְׁאָר מִינֵי קִטְנִיּוֹת, וְגַם אֵינָם בָּאִים לִידֵי חִמּוּץ וּמֻתָּר לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵהֶם תַּבְשִׁיל. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹסְרִים (טוּר וְהַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פ''ה וּמָרְדְּכַי פ' כָּל שָׁעָה). וְהַמִּנְהָג בְּאַשְׁכְּנָז לְהַחְמִיר, וְאֵין לְשַׁנּוֹת.

R. Yosef Karo, Safed, 1488-1575

Rice and all kinds of kitniyot (are not prohibited), and they do not ferment, and it is permitted to make from them a cooked dish.

R. Moshe Isserles, Krakow, 1520-1572

Some prohibit. The custom in Ashkenaz is to be restrictive. One should not diverge from this.

CJLS Teshuvah, 2015, Conclusion and Psak Halakhah:
In order to bring down the cost of making Pesah and support the healthier diet that is now becoming more common, and given the inapplicability today of the primary concerns that seem to have led to the custom of prohibiting kitniyot, and further, given our inclination in our day to present an accessible Judaism unencumbered by unneeded prohibitions, more easily able to participate in the culture that surrounds us, we are prepared to rely on the fundamental observance recorded in the Talmud and codes and permit the eating of kitniyot on Pesah.

Some Details of This Psak:
1) Fresh corn on the cob and fresh beans (like lima beans in their pods) may be purchased before and during Pesah, that is, treated like any other fresh vegetable.
2) Dried
kitniyot (legumes, rice and corn) can be purchased bagged or in boxes and then sifted or sorted before Pesah.24 These should ideally not be purchased in bulk from bins because of the concern that the bin might previously have been used for hametz, and a few grains of hametz might be mixed in. In any case, one should inspect these before Pesah and discard any pieces of hametz. If one did not inspect the rice or dried beans before Pesah, one should remove pieces of hametz found in the package on Pesah, discarding those, and the kitniyot themselves remain permissible.
3)
Kitniyot in cans may only be purchased with Pesah certification since the canning process has certain related hametz concerns, and may be purchased on Pesah.
4) Frozen raw
kitniyot (corn, edamame [soy beans], etc.): One may purchase bags of frozen non- hekhshered kitniyot before Pesah provided that one can either absolutely determine that no shared equipment was used or one is careful to inspect the contents before Pesah and discard any pieces of חמץ hametz). Even if one did not inspect the vegetables before Pesah, if one can remove pieces of( חמץ

(hametz) found in the package on Pesah, the vegetables themselves are permissible.
5) Processed foods, including tofu, although containing no listed
hametz, continue to require Pesah certification due to the possibility of admixtures of hametz during production.
6) Even those who continue to observe the Ashkenazic custom of eschewing
kitniyot during Pesah may eat from Pesah dishes, utensils and cooking vessels that have come into contact with kitniyot and may consume kitniyot derivatives like oil (מי קטניות).

Note: These guidelines are for personal use only. Temple Torat Emet will maintain the traditional Ashkenazi practice and refrain from kitniyot in our communal facilities. ECB