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Vacation in Judaism

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי אוֹמֵר: אֶפְשָׁר אָדָם חוֹרֵשׁ בִּשְׁעַת חֲרִישָׁה, וְזוֹרֵעַ בִּשְׁעַת זְרִיעָה, וְקוֹצֵר בִּשְׁעַת קְצִירָה, וְדָשׁ בִּשְׁעַת דִּישָׁה, וְזוֹרֶה בִּשְׁעַת הָרוּחַ, תּוֹרָה מַה תְּהֵא עָלֶיהָ?

Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: Is it possible that a person plows in the plowing season and sows in the sowing season and harvests in the harvest season and threshes in the threshing season and winnows in the windy season, as grain is separated from the chaff by means of the wind, and is constantly busy; what will become of Torah? Rather, one must dedicate himself exclusively to Torah at the expense of other endeavors; as when Israel performs God’s will, their work is performed by others, as it is stated: “And strangers will stand and feed your flocks, and foreigners will be your plowmen and your vinedressers” (Isaiah 61:5). When Israel does not perform God’s will, their work is performed by them themselves, as it is stated: “And you shall gather your grain.” Moreover, if Israel fails to perform God’s will, others’ work will be performed by them, as it is stated: “You shall serve your enemy whom God shall send against you, in hunger, in thirst, in nakedness and in want of all things” (Deuteronomy 28:48).

שאל בן אחותו של ר' ישמעאל את ר' ישמעאל כגון אני שלמדתי כל התורה כולה מהו ללמוד חכמת יונית? קרא עליו המקרא הזה ״לא ימוש ספר התורה הזה מפיך והגית בו יומם ולילה״ צא ובדוק שעה שאינה לא מן היום ולא מן הלילה ולמוד בה חכמת יונית.

Ben Dama, son of Rabbi Yishmael’s sister, asked Rabbi Yishmael: In the case of one such as I, who has learned the entire Torah, what is the halakha with regard to studying Greek wisdom? Rabbi Yishmael recited this verse about him: “This Torah scroll shall not depart from your mouth, and you shall contemplate in it day and night.” Go and search for an hour that is neither part of the day nor part of the night, and learn Greek wisdom in it.

לְעָתִיד לָבֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִצְחָק: בָּנֶיךָ חָטְאוּ לִי. אֹמֵר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, בָּנַי וְלֹא בָּנֶיךָ?!

וְעוֹד, כַּמָּה חָטְאוּ? כַּמָּה שְׁנוֹתָיו שֶׁל אָדָם — שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה. דַּל עֶשְׂרִין דְּלָא עָנְשַׁתְּ עֲלַיְיהוּ — פָּשׁוּ לְהוּ חַמְשִׁין. דַּל עֶשְׂרִין וְחַמְשָׁה דְּלֵילָוָתָא — פָּשׁוּ לְהוּ עֶשְׂרִין וְחַמְשָׁה. דַּל תַּרְתֵּי סְרֵי וּפַלְגָא דְּצַלּוֹיֵי וּמֵיכַל וּדְבֵית הַכִּסֵּא — פָּשׁוּ לְהוּ תַּרְתֵּי סְרֵי וּפַלְגָא, אִם אַתָּה סוֹבֵל אֶת כּוּלָּם — מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו — פַּלְגָא עֲלַי וּפַלְגָא עֲלָיךְ.

Apropos the Jewish people assessing their forefathers, the Gemara cites a related teaching. Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said that Rabbi Yonatan said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “For You are our Father; for Abraham knows us not, and Israel does not acknowledge us; You, Lord, are our Father, our Redeemer, everlasting is Your name” (Isaiah 63:16). In the future that will surely come, the Holy One, Blessed be He, will say to Abraham: Your children have sinned against Me. Abraham will say before Him: Master of the Universe, if so, let them be eradicated to sanctify Your name. God said: I will say it to Jacob. Since he experienced the pain of raising children, perhaps he will ask for mercy on their behalf. He said to Jacob: Your children have sinned. Jacob said before Him: Master of the Universe, if so, let them be eradicated to sanctify Your name. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said: There is no reason in elders and no wisdom in youth. Neither Abraham nor Jacob knew how to respond properly. He said to Isaac: Your children have sinned against Me. Isaac said before Him: Master of the Universe, are they my children and not Your children? At Sinai, when they accorded precedence to “We will do” over “We will listen” before You, didn’t You call them, “My son, My firstborn son Israel” (Exodus 4:22)? Now that they have sinned, are they my children and not Your children?
לא יבטלו התינוקות כלל חוץ מערב שבת וערב יום טוב בסוף היום:

אמר רב יהודה אמר רב שתים עשרה שעות הוי היום: שלש הראשונות הקב"ה יושב ועוסק בתורה, שניות יושב ודן את כל העולם כולו, שלישיות יושב וזן את כל העולם כולו, רביעיות יושב ומשחק עם לויתן.

The Gemara asks: Is that so? Is there is no other making sport for the Holy One, Blessed be He? But doesn’t Rav Yehuda say that Rav says: There are twelve hours in the day. During the first three, the Holy One, Blessed be He, sits and engages in Torah study. During the second three hours, He sits and judges the entire world. Once He sees that the world has rendered itself liable to destruction, He arises from the throne of judgment and sits on the throne of mercy, and the world is not destroyed.

אלא להלך אחר מדותיו של הקב"ה: מה הוא מלביש ערומים אף אתה הלבש ערומים. הקב"ה ביקר חולים אף אתה בקר חולים. הקב"ה ניחם אבלים אף אתה נחם אבלים. הקב"ה קבר מתים אף אתה קבור מתים

He explains: Rather, the meaning is that one should follow the attributes of the Holy One, Blessed be He. He provides several examples. Just as He clothes the naked, as it is written: “And the Lord God made for Adam and for his wife garments of skin, and clothed them” (Genesis 3:21), so too, should you clothe the naked. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, visits the sick, as it is written with regard to God’s appearing to Abraham following his circumcision: “And the Lord appeared unto him by the terebinths of Mamre” (Genesis 18:1), so too, should you visit the sick. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, consoles mourners, as it is written: “And it came to pass after the death of Abraham, that God blessed Isaac his son” (Genesis 25:11), so too, should you console mourners. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, buried the dead, as it is written: “And he was buried in the valley in the land of Moab” (Deuteronomy 34:6), so too, should you bury the dead.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵין מַפְלִיגִין בִּסְפִינָה פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים קוֹדֶם לַשַּׁבָּת. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — לִדְבַר הָרְשׁוּת, אֲבָל לִדְבַר מִצְוָה — שַׁפִּיר דָּמֵי.

The Sages taught: One may not set sail on a ship fewer than three days before Shabbat, to avoid appearances that the Jew is performing a prohibited labor on Shabbat. In what case is this statement said? In a case where he set sail for a voluntary matter; however, if he sailed for a matter involving a mitzva, he may well do so. And, even then, he must stipulate with the gentile ship captain that this is on the condition that he rests, i.e., stops the ship, and even if the gentile does not rest. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: He need not stipulate. And sailing on a ship that is traveling from Tyre to Sidon, a short journey by sea, is permitted even on Shabbat eve.

אֵין הַמֶּלֶךְ נִלְחָם תְּחִלָּה אֶלָּא מִלְחֶמֶת מִצְוָה. וְאֵי זוֹ הִיא מִלְחֶמֶת מִצְוָה זוֹ מִלְחֶמֶת שִׁבְעָה עֲמָמִים. וּמִלְחֶמֶת עֲמָלֵק. וְעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַּד צָר שֶׁבָּא עֲלֵיהֶם. וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִלְחָם בְּמִלְחֶמֶת הָרְשׁוּת וְהִיא הַמִּלְחָמָה שֶׁנִּלְחָם עִם שְׁאָר הָעַמִּים כְּדֵי לְהַרְחִיב גְּבוּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְהַרְבּוֹת בִּגְדֻלָּתוֹ וְשִׁמְעוֹ:

A priori, the king does not go to fight other than a War of Mitzvoh (Mandatory War). What is a War of Mitzvoh? This is the war against the Seven Nations or the war against Amalek or any war to assuage Israel of a persecutor. After this, he may fight Discretionary Wars which are those wars he conducts against the other nations in order to enlarge the borders of Israel, and increase his renown and reputation.

אֶחָד מִלְחֶמֶת מִצְוָה וְאֶחָד מִלְחֶמֶת הָרְשׁוּת מְמַנִּין כֹּהֵן לְדַבֵּר אֶל הָעָם בִּשְׁעַת הַמִּלְחָמָה.

A Kohen is appointed to address the people at the time of war, whether it is a War of Mitzvoh or a Discretionary War. He is anointed with the (special) Anointing Oil and called the “Anointed for War”.

כל הדברים ומצאתים נחלקים לה' חלקים:

החלק הראשון הוא המצוה בו והוא קריאת התורה ולמודה וקריאת תלמודה וזו היא מצות עשה מחוייבת.

החלק הב' הוא הדבור הנאסר ונזהר ממנו כעדות שקר ודבר שקר והרכילות והקללה ודברי התורה מורים על זה החלק וכן נבלות הפה ולשון הרע:

החלק הג' הוא הדבור הנמאס אשר אין בו תועלת לאדם בנפשו ולא עבירה, כרוב ספור ההמון במה שאירע ומה שהיה ומה הם מנהגי מלך פלוני בהיכלו ואיך היתה סבת מות פלוני או איך התעשר פלוני ואלו קוראים אותם החכמים שיחה בטלה.

החלק הד' הוא הנאהב והוא הדבור בשבח המעלות השכליות או מעלות המדות ובגנות הפחיתיות משני המינים יחד להעיר הנפש למעלות בספורים ובשירים ולמנעה מן הפחיתיות בדרכים ההם בעצמם וכן לשבח החשובים ולהודות מעלותיהם.

החלק הה' הוא המותר והוא הדבור במה שמיוחד לבני אדם מסחורתו ופרנסתו ומאכליו ומשתיו ולבושו ושאר מה שצריך לו והוא מותר אין אהבה בו ולא מאוס אבל אם ירצה ידבר בו מה שירצה

The wise one has already stated (Proverbs 10:19), With many words, there is no lack of transgression." And the reason for this is that most words add superfluity and sin, as I will elucidate now. As when a man increases his words, he will certainly transgress, since it is impossible that there will not be in his words one word that is not fit to say. And one of the signs of the wise is minimization of words, and one of the signs of the foolish is the multitude of words. And the sages have already said that the minimization of words is proof of the high virtue of the forefathers. And when a man was pedigreed they would say, "The pedigreed one of Babylonia is the quiet one." And it is said in the Book of Characteristics that one of the sages was seen to be silent, since he did not say speech that was not fitting to speak and he only spoke very little. And they said to him, "What is the reason for your great silence?" And he said, "I have examined all speech and I have found it divided into four divisions.

שאלה סא מה שנוהגים רוב בני אדם אף המדקדקים במעשיהם להתאסף ביום השבת לאחר יציאת בהכ"נ ולספר שמועות מעניני מלכים ושרים וערך המלחמות וכה"ג יש חשש איסור בדבר או לאו:

אסור להרבות דברים כמו בחול וכש"כ יותר מבחול. אמנם אם אותם בני אדם מתענגים בכך כשמדברים ומספרים שמועות מהמלכים ושרים ומלחמותיהם וכה"ג כדרך הרבה בני אדם שמתאוים לכך נראה דודאי שרי.

Answer: It seems to be the case that we have to be precise in this matter. The Tosafot and also the Ashiri wrote in their commentaries on chapter “these links'' (Shabbat 113b) that it is forbidden to multiply vain conversations on Shabbat, as it is proven by the story of Rashbi’s mother, as it appears in Vayikra Rabba, in which it says that Rashbi had an old mother, who was very talkative. He said to her “Mom, it is Shabbat now!” She therefore became silent. This teaches us that you should not engage so much in talking on Shabbat as on Hol. And in the Talmud Yerushalmi, we say: “they hardly allowed people to greet others on Shabbat”. With this, it is clearly forbidden to engage in too much talking on Shabbat as if it was Hol, even more so (it is forbidden on Shabbat) to speak more than on weekdays. However, if these same people enjoy themselves through talking and telling stories from the kings and princes and their wars and so on, like the way a lot of people like to do, it seems it is certainly allowed. So is it written in the Sefer Mitzvot Katan, that young people who enjoy running and jumping, they are permitted to do so, as well as anything they might enjoy watching. And we have seen that even though the sages interpreted the verse (Isaiah 58:13): וְכִבַּדְתּוֹ מֵעֲשֹׂת דְּרָכֶיךָ - honor it and not go your ways - do not walk the same way on Shabbat as you do during weekdays (meaning: not run and not jump). Even still, one may enjoy and satisfy one's spirit. The same law applies regarding superfluous speech. This too was derived from the same verse "nor look at your affairs nor speak words", as the Tosafot and the Ashiri explained above. However, I have seen many times that some of those people that meet to talk about these rumours do not enjoy themselves so much from these rumours, and they do this for the sake of their friends gathered with them (peer pressure) , in this case it seems it would be forbidden for those who do not enjoy it.

(א) פֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ בִּדְרָכֶיךָ שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה לְצֹרֶךְ גּוּפְךָ, דַּע אֵת ה', וַעֲשֵׂה אֵת הַדְּבָרִים לִשְׁמוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ. כְּגוֹן, הָאֲכִילָה, וְהַשְּׁתִיָּה וְהַהֲלִיכָה, וְהַיְשִׁיבָה, וְהַשְּׁכִיבָה, הַקִּימָה, וְהַתַּשְׁמִישׁ וְהַשִּׂיחָה, כָּל צָרְכֵי גּוּפְךָ, יִהְיוּ כֻּלָּם לַעֲבוֹדַת בּוֹרַאֲךָ, אוֹ לְדָבָר הַגּוֹרֵם לַעֲבוֹדָתוֹ.

(ב) אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה, כֵּיצַד: אֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל וְיִשְׁתֶּה דְּבָרִים הָאֲסוּרִים, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם אֶלָּא גַּם בִּדְבָרִים הַמֻּתָּרִים, וְהָיָה צָמֵא וְרָעֵב, אִם וְאָכַל וְשָׁתָה לַהֲנָאָתוֹ, אֵינוֹ מְשֻׁבָּח, אֶלָּא יִתְכַּוֵּן בַּאֲכִילָתוֹ וּשְׁתִיָּתוֹ, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ כֹּחַ לַעֲבוֹדַת הַבּוֹרֵא.

(ד) שְׁכִיבָה, כֵּיצַד. אֲפִלּוּ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא יָגֵעַ, וְצָרִיךְ לִישֹׁן כְּדֵי לָנוּח מִיגִיעָתוֹ, אִם עָשָׂה לַהֲנָאַת גּוּפוֹ אֵינוֹ מְשֻׁבָּח, אֶלָּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לָתֵת שֵׁנָה לְעִינָיו, וּלְגוּפוֹ מְנוּחָה לְצֹרֶךְ בְּרִיאַת גּוּפוֹ, וְשֶׁלֹּא תִּטָּרֵף דַּעְתּוֹ בַּתּוֹרָה, מֵחֲמַת מְנִיעַת הַשֵּׁנָה.

(ו)הַשִּׂיחָה כֵּיצַד. אֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר לְסַפֵּר לָשׁוֹן הָרַע אוֹ רְכִילוּת וְלֵיצָנוּת וְסִכְלוּת פֶּה, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ לְסַפֵּר בְּדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים, צָרִיךְ שֶׁתְּהֵא כַּוָּנָתוֹ לַעֲבוֹדַת הַבּוֹרֵא, לְדָבָר הַמֵּבִיא לַעֲבוֹדָתוֹ.

(ז) וְכֵן כְּשֶׁהוּא עוֹסֵק בְּמַשָּׂא וּמַתָּן, אוֹ בִּמְלָאכָה לְהִשְׂתַּכֵּר בָּהּ, לֹא יְהֵא בְּלִבּוֹ לִקְבֹּץ מָמוֹן בִּלְבַד, אֶלָּא יַעֲשֶׂה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ לְפַרְנֵס בְּנֵי בֵּיתוֹ, וְלָתֵת צְדָקָה וּלְגַדֵּל בָּנָיו לְתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה.

כְּלָלוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר, חַיָּב אָדָם לָשׂוּם עֵינָיו וְלִבּוֹ עַל דְּרָכָיו, וְלִשְׁקֹל כָּל מַעֲשָׂיו בְּמָאזְנֵי שִׂכְלוֹ. וּכְשֶׁרוֹאֶה דָּבָר שֶׁיָּבֹא לִידֵי עֲבוֹדַת הַבּוֹרֵא יִתְעַלֶּה יַעֲשֵׂהוּ, וְאִם לָאו לֹא יַעֲשֵׂהוּ. וּמִי שֶׁנּוֹהֵג כֵּן, נִמְצָא עוֹבֵד אֵת בּוֹרְאוֹ כָּל יָמָיו, אֲפִלּוּ בִּשְׁעַת שִׁבְתּוֹ וְקוּמוֹ וְהִלוּכוֹ וּבִשְעַת מַשָּׂאוֹ וּמַתָּנוֹ, וַאֲפִלּוּ בַּאֲכִילָתוֹ וּשְׁתִיָּתוֹ אֲפִלּוּ בְּתַשְׁמִישׁוֹ וּבְכָל צְרָכָיו.

Our Rabbis of blessed memory said, "Upon which short verse are all the principles of the Torah" predicated? [It is] "In all your ways acknowledge Him." It means that even in those things that you do for your personal needs, you should acknowledge God, and do those things for the sake of His Name, blessed is He. For example, eating, drinking, walking, sitting, lying down, getting up, sexual intercourse, and talking—all these physical needs should be done for the sake of serving your Creator, or for the sake of [doing] something that will be conducive to the service of Him.

וְהַתּוֹרָה נִקְנֵית בְּאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנָה דְבָרִים. וְאֵלוּ הֵן:.. בְּמִעוּט שִׂיחָה, בְּמִעוּט שְׂחוֹק

Greater is learning Torah than the priesthood and than royalty, for royalty is acquired by thirty stages, and the priesthood by twenty-four, but the Torah by forty-eight things. By study, Attentive listening, Proper speech, By an understanding heart, By an intelligent heart, By awe, By fear, By humility, By joy, By attending to the sages, By critical give and take with friends, By fine argumentation with disciples, By clear thinking, By study of Scripture, By study of mishnah, By a minimum of sleep, By a minimum of chatter, By a minimum of pleasure, By a minimum of frivolity, By a minimum of preoccupation with worldly matters, By long-suffering, By generosity, By faith in the sages, By acceptance of suffering. [Learning of Torah is also acquired by one] Who recognizes his place, Who rejoices in his portion, Who makes a fence about his words, Who takes no credit for himself, Who is loved, Who loves God, Who loves [his fellow] creatures, Who loves righteous ways, Who loves reproof, Who loves uprightness, Who keeps himself far from honors, Who does not let his heart become swelled on account of his learning, Who does not delight in giving legal decisions, Who shares in the bearing of a burden with his colleague, Who judges with the scales weighted in his favor, Who leads him on to truth, Who leads him on to peace, Who composes himself at his study, Who asks and answers, Who listens [to others], and [himself] adds [to his knowledge], Who learns in order to teach, Who learns in order to practice, Who makes his teacher wiser, Who is exact in what he has learned, And who says a thing in the name of him who said it. Thus you have learned: everyone who says a thing in the name of him who said it, brings deliverance into the world, as it is said: “And Esther told the king in Mordecai’s name” (Esther 2:22).
הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃
This month shall mark for you the beginning of the months; it shall be the first of the months of the year for you.

בראשית. אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק לֹֹֹֹֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לְהַתְחִיל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא מֵהַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם, שֶׁהִיא מִצְוָה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁנִּצְטַוּוּ בָּהּ יִשׂרָאֵל.

בראשית IN THE BEGINNING — Rabbi Isaac said: The Torah which is the Law book of Israel should have commenced with the verse (Exodus 12:2) “This month shall be unto you the first of the months” which is the first commandment given to Israel. What is the reason, then, that it commences with the account of the Creation? Because of the thought expressed in the text (Psalms 111:6) “He declared to His people the strength of His works (i.e. He gave an account of the work of Creation), in order that He might give them the heritage of the nations.” For should the peoples of the world say to Israel, “You are robbers, because you took by force the lands of the seven nations of Canaan”, Israel may reply to them, “All the earth belongs to the Holy One, blessed be He; He created it and gave it to whom He pleased. When He willed He gave it to them, and when He willed He took it from them and gave it to us” (Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 187).

החדש הזה לכם ראש חדשים מכאן ואילך יהיו החדשים שלכם, לעשות בהם כרצונכם, אבל בימי השעבוד לא היו ימיכם שלכם, אבל היו לעבודת אחרים ורצונם, לפיכך ראשון הוא לכם לחדשי השנה.

החודש הזה לכם ראש חדשים, from now on these months will be yours, to do with as you like. [you have My authority to organise your own calendar. Ed.] This is by way of contrast to the years when you were enslaved when you had no control over your time or timetable at all. [Freedom, i.e. retirement from the “rat race,” means being able to formulate one’s own timetable. Ed.] While you were enslaved, your days, hours, minutes even, were always at the beck and call of your taskmasters.

חֲמִשָּׁה תַלְמִידִים הָיוּ לוֹ לְרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן חֲנַנְיָה, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַכֹּהֵן, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן נְתַנְאֵל, וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יִהְיוּ כָל חַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, וֶאֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, מַכְרִיעַ אֶת כֻּלָּם. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ, אִם יִהְיוּ כָל חַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס אַף עִמָּהֶם, וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, מַכְרִיעַ אֶת כֻּלָּם:

(8) Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai received [the oral tradition] from Hillel and Shammai.He used to say: if you have learned much Torah, do not claim credit for yourself, because for such a purpose were you created. Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai had five disciples and they were these: Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, Rabbi Joshua ben Hananiah, Rabbi Yose, the priest, Rabbi Shimon ben Nethaneel and Rabbi Eleazar ben Arach. He [Rabbi Johanan] used to list their outstanding virtues: Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus is a plastered cistern which loses not a drop; Rabbi Joshua ben Hananiah happy is the woman that gave birth to him; Rabbi Yose, the priest, is a pious man; Rabbi Simeon ben Nethaneel is one that fears sin, And Rabbi Eleazar ben Arach is like a spring that [ever] gathers force. He [Rabbi Yohanan] used to say: if all the sages of Israel were on one scale of the balance and Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus on the other scale, he would outweigh them all. Abba Shaul said in his name: if all the sages of Israel were on one scale of the balance, and Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus also with them, and Rabbi Eleazar ben Arach on the other scale, he would outweigh them all.

רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ אִיקְּלַע לְהָתָם, אִימְּשִׁיךְ בָּתְרַיְיהוּ אִיעַקַּר תַּלְמוּדֵיהּ. כִּי הֲדַר אֲתָא, קָם לְמִיקְרֵי בְּסִפְרָא, בְּעָא לְמִקְרֵי ״הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם״, אָמַר ״הַחֵרֵשׁ הָיָה לִבָּם״.

The Gemara relates that once Rabbi Elazar ben Arakh happened to come there, to Phrygia and Deyomset, and he was drawn after them, and his Torah learning was forgotten. When he returned, he stood to read from a Torah scroll and was supposed to read the verse: “This month shall be for you [haḥodesh hazeh lakhem]” (Exodus 12:2), but he had forgotten so much that he could barely remember how to read the Hebrew letters, and instead he read: Have their hearts become deaf [haḥeresh haya libbam], interchanging the similar letters reish for dalet, yod for zayin, and beit for khaf. The Sages prayed and asked for God to have mercy on him, and his learning was restored.
אימשיך בתרייהו - אחר היין והרחיצה:
וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֶת־שְׁמ֛וֹ נֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֠ה יְנַחֲמֵ֤נוּ מִֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֙נוּ֙ וּמֵעִצְּב֣וֹן יָדֵ֔ינוּ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽרְרָ֖הּ יְהוָֽה׃
And he named him Noah, saying, “This one will provide us relief from our work and from the toil of our hands, out of the very soil which the LORD placed under a curse.”
זה ינחמנו. יָנַח מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת עִצְּבוֹן יָדֵינוּ. עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא נֹחַ לֹא הָיָה לָהֶם כְּלֵי מַחֲרֵשָׁה וְהוּא הֵכִין לָהֶם וְהָיְתָה הָאָרֶץ מוֹצִיאָה קוֹצִים וְדַרְדַּרִים כְּשֶׁזּוֹרְעִים חִטִּים, מִקִּלְלָתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, וּבִימֵי נֹחַ נָחָה, וְזֶהוּ יְנַחֲמֵנוּ, וְאִם לֹא תְפָרְשֵׁהוּ כָּךְ אֵין טַעַם הַלָּשׁוֹן נוֹפֵל עַל הַשֵּׁם וְאַתָּה צָרִיךְ לִקְרוֹת שְׁמוֹ מְנַחֵם:
זה ינחמנו THIS WILL COMFORT US — He will ease from off us (ינחמנו) the toil of our hands. For until Noah came people had no agricultural instruments and he prepared such for them. The earth had brought forth thorns and thistles when they sowed wheat in consequence of the curse imposed upon Adam Harishon: in the days of Noah, however, this ceased (Tanchuma 1:1:11). This is what is meant by the word ינחמנו (viz., ינח מנו). If, however, you do not explain it in this manner, but from the root נחם “to comfort”, then the meaning you give to this expression (connecting it with the idea of “comfort”) will have no application to the name נח, and you would have to call him מנחם “Comforter”.

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַמְהַלֵּךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְשׁוֹנֶה, וּמַפְסִיק מִמִּשְׁנָתוֹ וְאוֹמֵר, מַה נָּאֶה אִילָן זֶה וּמַה נָּאֶה נִיר זֶה, מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִלּוּ מִתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ:

Rabbi Elazar of Bartotha said: give to Him of that which is His, for you and that which is yours is His; and thus it says with regards to David: “for everything comes from You, and from Your own hand have we given you” (I Chronicles 29:14). Rabbi Jacob said: if one is studying while walking on the road and interrupts his study and says, “how fine is this tree!” [or] “how fine is this newly ploughed field!” scripture accounts it to him as if he was mortally guilty.

מָֽה־רַבּ֬וּ מַעֲשֶׂ֨יךָ ה׳ כֻּ֭לָּם בְּחָכְמָ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ מָלְאָ֥ה הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ קִנְיָנֶֽךָ׃

How many are the things You have made, O LORD; You have made them all with wisdom; the earth is full of Your creations.

לְעוֹלָם יְהֵא אָדָם יְרֵא שָׁמַֽיִם בְּסֵֽתֶר וּבַגָּלוּי וּמוֹדֶה עַל־הָאֱמֶת וְדוֹבֵר אֱמֶת בִּלְבָבוֹ וְיַשְׁכֵּם וְיֹאמַר:

A person should always be in fear of God, privately as well as openly, [he should] admit the truth, and speak truth in his heart, and rise early and proclaim: