Save "Kedoshim ~ Vayikra and its dreams
"
Kedoshim ~ Vayikra and its dreams

~ Vayikra does not just want you to be a good person. The text challenges us to be kadosh, holy. After describing the ways that the food that we put in our bodies takes us away from that level, and the discharges from our bodies that do the same, the text turns to actions.

(א) וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר ה' אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר (ב) דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֥ אֲלֵהֶ֖ם קְדֹשִׁ֣ים תִּהְי֑וּ כִּ֣י קָד֔וֹשׁ אֲנִ֖י ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶֽם׃ (ג) אִ֣ישׁ אִמּ֤וֹ וְאָבִיו֙ תִּירָ֔אוּ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ אֲנִ֖י ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶֽם׃ (ד) אַל־תִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלִילִ֔ים וֵֽאלֹקֵי֙ מַסֵּכָ֔ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ לָכֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶֽם׃ (ה) וְכִ֧י תִזְבְּח֛וּ זֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִ֖ים לַה' לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּחֻֽהוּ׃ (ו) בְּי֧וֹם זִבְחֲכֶ֛ם יֵאָכֵ֖ל וּמִֽמָּחֳרָ֑ת וְהַנּוֹתָר֙ עַד־י֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ (ז) וְאִ֛ם הֵאָכֹ֥ל יֵאָכֵ֖ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י פִּגּ֥וּל ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה׃ (ח) וְאֹֽכְלָיו֙ עֲוֺנ֣וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א כִּֽי־אֶת־קֹ֥דֶשׁ ה' חִלֵּ֑ל וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ (ט) וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶם֙ אֶת־קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֔ם לֹ֧א תְכַלֶּ֛ה פְּאַ֥ת שָׂדְךָ֖ לִקְצֹ֑ר וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תְלַקֵּֽט׃ (י) וְכַרְמְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תְעוֹלֵ֔ל וּפֶ֥רֶט כַּרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶֽם׃ (יא) לֹ֖א תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ (יב) וְלֹֽא־תִשָּׁבְע֥וּ בִשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וְחִלַּלְתָּ֛ אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹקֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י ה'׃ (יג) לֹֽא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־רֵֽעֲךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל לֹֽא־תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּךָ֖ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃ (יד) לֹא־תְקַלֵּ֣ל חֵרֵ֔שׁ וְלִפְנֵ֣י עִוֵּ֔ר לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן מִכְשֹׁ֑ל וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹקֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י ה'׃ (טו) לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֙וֶל֙ בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־דָ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָד֑וֹל בְּצֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽךָ׃ (טז) לֹא־תֵלֵ֤ךְ רָכִיל֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תַעֲמֹ֖ד עַל־דַּ֣ם רֵעֶ֑ךָ אֲנִ֖י ה'׃ (יז) לֹֽא־תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־אָחִ֖יךָ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֙יחַ֙ אֶת־עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א עָלָ֖יו חֵֽטְא׃ (יח) לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י ה'׃ (יט) אֶֽת־חֻקֹּתַי֮ תִּשְׁמֹרוּ֒ בְּהֶמְתְּךָ֙ לֹא־תַרְבִּ֣יעַ כִּלְאַ֔יִם שָׂדְךָ֖ לֹא־תִזְרַ֣ע כִּלְאָ֑יִם וּבֶ֤גֶד כִּלְאַ֙יִם֙ שַֽׁעַטְנֵ֔ז לֹ֥א יַעֲלֶ֖ה עָלֶֽיךָ׃ (פ) (כ) וְ֠אִישׁ כִּֽי־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה שִׁכְבַת־זֶ֗רַע וְהִ֤וא שִׁפְחָה֙ נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת לְאִ֔ישׁ וְהָפְדֵּה֙ לֹ֣א נִפְדָּ֔תָה א֥וֹ חֻפְשָׁ֖ה לֹ֣א נִתַּן־לָ֑הּ בִּקֹּ֧רֶת תִּהְיֶ֛ה לֹ֥א יוּמְת֖וּ כִּי־לֹ֥א חֻפָּֽשָׁה׃ (כא) וְהֵבִ֤יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמוֹ֙ לַֽה' אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֵ֖יל אָשָֽׁם׃ (כב) וְכִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨יו הַכֹּהֵ֜ן בְּאֵ֤יל הָֽאָשָׁם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י ה' עַל־חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֔וֹ מֵחַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא׃ (פ) (כג) וְכִי־תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ וּנְטַעְתֶּם֙ כָּל־עֵ֣ץ מַאֲכָ֔ל וַעֲרַלְתֶּ֥ם עָרְלָת֖וֹ אֶת־פִּרְי֑וֹ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם עֲרֵלִ֖ים לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל׃ (כד) וּבַשָּׁנָה֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔ת יִהְיֶ֖ה כָּל־פִּרְי֑וֹ קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִלּוּלִ֖ים לַה'׃ (כה) וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַחֲמִישִׁ֗ת תֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ אֶת־פִּרְי֔וֹ לְהוֹסִ֥יף לָכֶ֖ם תְּבוּאָת֑וֹ אֲנִ֖י ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶֽם׃ (כו) לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּ עַל־הַדָּ֑ם לֹ֥א תְנַחֲשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א תְעוֹנֵֽנוּ׃ (כז) לֹ֣א תַקִּ֔פוּ פְּאַ֖ת רֹאשְׁכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֣א תַשְׁחִ֔ית אֵ֖ת פְּאַ֥ת זְקָנֶֽךָ׃ (כח) וְשֶׂ֣רֶט לָנֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א תִתְּנוּ֙ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶ֔ם וּכְתֹ֣בֶת קַֽעֲקַ֔ע לֹ֥א תִתְּנ֖וּ בָּכֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י ה'׃ (כט) אַל־תְּחַלֵּ֥ל אֶֽת־בִּתְּךָ֖ לְהַזְנוֹתָ֑הּ וְלֹא־תִזְנֶ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה׃ (ל) אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ וּמִקְדָּשִׁ֖י תִּירָ֑אוּ אֲנִ֖י ה'׃ (לא) אַל־תִּפְנ֤וּ אֶל־הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים אַל־תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְטָמְאָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶֽם׃ (לב) מִפְּנֵ֤י שֵׂיבָה֙ תָּק֔וּם וְהָדַרְתָּ֖ פְּנֵ֣י זָקֵ֑ן וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹקֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י ה'׃ (פ) (לג) וְכִֽי־יָג֧וּר אִתְּךָ֛ גֵּ֖ר בְּאַרְצְכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תוֹנ֖וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ (לד) כְּאֶזְרָ֣ח מִכֶּם֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם הַגֵּ֣ר ׀ הַגָּ֣ר אִתְּכֶ֗ם וְאָהַבְתָּ֥ לוֹ֙ כָּמ֔וֹךָ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲנִ֖י ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶֽם׃ (לה) לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֖וֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּמִּדָּ֕ה בַּמִּשְׁקָ֖ל וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה׃ (לו) מֹ֧אזְנֵי צֶ֣דֶק אַבְנֵי־צֶ֗דֶק אֵ֥יפַת צֶ֛דֶק וְהִ֥ין צֶ֖דֶק יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם אֲנִי֙ ה' אֱלֹֽקֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (לז) וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־כָּל־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם אֲנִ֖י ה'׃ (פ)

(1) The LORD spoke to Moses, saying: (2) Speak to the whole Israelite community and say to them: You shall be holy, for holy I the LORD am your God. (3) You shall each revere his mother and his father, and keep My Shabatot: I the LORD am your God. (4) Do not turn to idols or make molten gods for yourselves: I the LORD am your God. (5) When you sacrifice an offering of well-being to the LORD, sacrifice it so that it may be accepted on your behalf. (6) It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it, or on the day following; but what is left by the third day must be consumed in fire. (7) If it should be eaten on the third day, it is an offensive thing, it will not be acceptable. (8) And he who eats of it shall bear his guilt, for he has profaned what is sacred to the LORD; that person shall be cut off from his kin. (9) When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap all the way to the edges of your field, or gather the gleanings of your harvest. (10) You shall not pick your vineyard bare, or gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger: I the LORD am your God. (11) You shall not steal; you shall not deal deceitfully or falsely with one another. (12) You shall not swear falsely by My name, profaning the name of your God: I am the LORD. (13) You shall not defraud your fellow. You shall not commit robbery. The wages of a laborer shall not remain with you until morning. (14) You shall not insult the deaf, or place a stumbling block before the blind. You shall fear your God: I am the LORD. (15) You shall not render an unfair decision: do not favor the poor or show deference to the rich; judge your kinsman fairly. (16) Do not deal basely with your countrymen. Do not profit by the blood of your fellow: I am the LORD. (17) You shall not hate your kinsfolk in your heart. Reprove your kinsman but incur no guilt because of him. (18) You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against your countrymen. Love your fellow as yourself: I am the LORD. (19) You shall observe My laws. You shall not let your cattle mate with a different kind; you shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed; you shall not put on cloth from a mixture of two kinds of material. (20) If a man has carnal relations with a woman who is a slave and has been designated for another man, but has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there shall be an indemnity; they shall not, however, be put to death, since she has not been freed. (21) But he must bring to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, as his guilt offering to the LORD, a ram of guilt offering. (22) With the ram of guilt offering the priest shall make expiation for him before the LORD for the sin that he committed; and the sin that he committed will be forgiven him. (23) When you enter the land and plant any tree for food, you shall regard its fruit as forbidden. Three years it shall be forbidden for you, not to be eaten. (24) In the fourth year all its fruit shall be set aside for jubilation before the LORD; (25) and only in the fifth year may you use its fruit—that its yield to you may be increased: I the LORD am your God. (26) You shall not eat anything with its blood. You shall not practice divination or soothsaying. (27) You shall not round off the side-growth on your head, or destroy the side-growth of your beard. (28) You shall not make gashes in your flesh for the dead, or incise any marks on yourselves: I am the LORD. (29) Do not degrade your daughter and make her a harlot, lest the land fall into harlotry and the land be filled with depravity. (30) You shall keep My Shabatot and venerate My sanctuary: I am the LORD. (31) Do not turn to ghosts and do not inquire of familiar spirits, to be defiled by them: I the LORD am your God. (32) You shall rise before the aged and show deference to the old; you shall fear your God: I am the LORD. (33) When a stranger resides with you in your land, you shall not wrong him. (34) The stranger who resides with you shall be to you as one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt: I the LORD am your God. (35) You shall not falsify measures of length, weight, or capacity. (36) You shall have an honest balance, honest weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I the LORD am your God who freed you from the land of Egypt. (37) You shall faithfully observe all My laws and all My rules: I am the LORD.

Let's make a separation between the mitzvot with "I am Ad-nai", "I, Ad-nai, your God" and "you shall fear your God: I am Ad-nai". Look at the groups. What do you make of it?
(ה) וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־שָׁמ֤וֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּקֹלִ֔י וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֑י וִהְיִ֨יתֶם לִ֤י סְגֻלָּה֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים כִּי־לִ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ו) וְאַתֶּ֧ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְג֣וֹי קָד֑וֹשׁ אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
(5) Now then, if you will obey Me faithfully and keep My covenant, you shall be My treasured possession among all the peoples. Indeed, all the earth is Mine, (6) but you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you shall speak to the children of Israel.”

~ This is part of the introduction to the Aseret HaDibrot. The idea that this people need to be fundamentally different - kadosh - is already present. Leviticus takes that idea and develops it.

דַּבֵּר אֶל כָּל עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵיהֶם קְדֹשִׁים תִּהְיוּ. מָה רָאָה לוֹמַר הַפָּרָשָׁה הַזֹּאת בְּכִנּוּס. לָמָּה לֹא אָמַר, דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, כִּשְׁאָר הַפָּרָשִׁיּוֹת, אֶלָּא אֶל כָּל עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. לְפִי שֶׁכָּל הַדִּבְּרוֹת כְּלוּלִים בָּהּ. כֵּיצַד, בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: אָנֹכִי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ (שמות כ, ב). וְכָאן כְּתִיב: אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ. וְכָאן: אַל תִּפְנוּ אֶל הָאֱלִילִים. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: לֹא תִּשָּׂא. וּכְתִיב כָּאן: לֹא תִּשָּׁבְעוּ בִּשְׁמִי לַשֶּׁקֶר. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: שָׁמוֹר אֶת יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת (דברים ה, יב). וְכָאן: אֶת שַׁבְּתֹתַי תִּשְׁמֹרוּ. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: כַּבֵּד אֶת אָבִיךְ וְאֶת אִמֶּךָ. וְכָאן: אִישׁ אִמּוֹ וְאָבִיו תִּירָאוּ. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: לֹא תִּרְצַח. וְכָאן כְּתִיב: לֹא תַעֲמֹד עַל דַּם רֵעֶךָ. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: לֹא תִּנְאַף. וְכָאן: מוֹת יוּמַת הַנּוֹאֵף וְהַנּוֹאֶפֶת. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: לֹא תִּגְנֹב. וְכָאן: לֹא תִּגְנֹבוּ. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: לֹא תַּעֲנֶה. וְכָאן כְּתִיב: לֹא תֵּלֵךְ רָכִיל. בַּדִּבְּרוֹת כְּתִיב: לֹא תַּחְמֹד. וְכָאן: לֹא תַעֲשֹׁק אֶת רֵעֲךָ וְלֹא תִּגְזֹל, הֲרֵי כָּל עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת כְּלוּלִים בַּתּוֹרָה. לְכָךְ כְּתִיב: אֶל כָּל עֲדַת.

(Lev. 19:2:) “Speak unto the whole congregation of the Children of Israel, and say unto them, ‘You shall be holy.’” What reason did He have to speak this parashah in an assembly? Why did God not say, “Speak to the Children of Israel,” as in the rest of the parashiot, rather than “[Speak] unto the whole congregation of the Children of Israel?” Because all of the [ten] Dibrot are included within it. How? In the Dibrot it is written “I the LORD am your God”; and here, “I the LORD am your God.” In the Dibrot it is written, “You shall have no [other gods beside Me]”; and here, “Do not turn unto idols.” In the Dibrot it is written, “You shall not take [the name of the Lord your God in vain]”; and here, “You shall not swear falsely by My name.” In the Dibrot it is written “Guard the Sabbath day”; and here it is written “You shall keep My Shabatot.” In the Dibrot it is written “Honor your father and your mother”; and here it is written “you each shall fear his mother and his father.” In the Dibrot it is written “You shall not murder”; and here it is written “you shall not stand over the blood of your neighbor.” In the Dibrot it is written “you shall not commit adultery”; and here it is written “You shall be holy.“ In the Dibrot it is written “you shall not steal"; and here it is written “You shall not steal.” In the Dibrot it is written “you shall not bear [false witness against your neighbor]”; and here it is written “You shall not go around as a slanderer among your people.” In the Dibrot it is written “You shall not covet”; and here it is written “You shall not oppress your neighbor, and you shall not rob him.” Here all of the [ten] Dibrot are included within [it]. It is therefore stated “Speak to the whole congregation [of the Children of Israel].”

~ How does Tanchuma understand the similarities?

~ What does this midrash leave out?

מתני׳ כשם שאונאה במקח וממכר כך אונאה בדברים לא יאמר לו בכמה חפץ זה והוא אינו רוצה ליקח אם היה בעל תשובה לא יאמר לו זכור מעשיך הראשונים אם הוא בן גרים לא יאמר לו זכור מעשה אבותיך שנאמר (שמות כב, כ) וגר לא תונה ולא תלחצנו: גמ׳ ת"ר (ויקרא כה, יז) לא תונו איש את עמיתו באונאת דברים הכתוב מדבר אתה אומר באונאת דברים או אינו אלא באונאת ממון כשהוא אומר (ויקרא כה, יד) וכי תמכרו ממכר לעמיתך או קנה מיד עמיתך הרי אונאת ממון אמור הא מה אני מקיים (ויקרא כה, יז) לא תונו איש את עמיתו באונאת דברים הא כיצד אם היה בעל תשובה אל יאמר לו זכור מעשיך הראשונים אם היה בן גרים אל יאמר לו זכור מעשה אבותיך אם היה גר ובא ללמוד תורה אל יאמר לו פה שאכל נבילות וטריפות שקצים ורמשים בא ללמוד תורה שנאמרה מפי הגבורה אם היו יסורין באין עליו אם היו חלאים באין עליו או שהיה מקבר את בניו אל יאמר לו כדרך שאמרו לו חביריו לאיוב (איוב ד, ו) הלא יראתך כסלתך תקותך ותום דרכיך זכר נא מי הוא נקי אבד אם היו חמרים מבקשין תבואה ממנו לא יאמר להם לכו אצל פלוני שהוא מוכר תבואה ויודע בו שלא מכר מעולם ר"י אומר אף לא יתלה עיניו על המקח בשעה שאין לו דמים שהרי הדבר מסור ללב וכל דבר המסור ללב נאמר בו ויראת מאלקיך א"ר יוחנן משום ר"ש בן יוחאי גדול אונאת דברים מאונאת ממון שזה נאמר בו (ויקרא כה, יז) ויראת מאלקיך וזה לא נאמר בו ויראת מאלקיך ור' אלעזר אומר זה בגופו וזה בממונו רבי שמואל בר נחמני אמר זה ניתן להישבון וזה לא ניתן להישבון תני תנא קמיה דרב נחמן בר יצחק כל המלבין פני חבירו ברבים כאילו שופך דמים א"ל שפיר קא אמרת דחזינא ליה דאזיל סומקא ואתי חוורא אמר ליה אביי לרב דימי במערבא במאי זהירי א"ל באחוורי אפי דאמר רבי חנינא הכל יורדין לגיהנם חוץ משלשה הכל ס"ד אלא אימא כל היורדין לגיהנם עולים חוץ משלשה שיורדין ואין עולין ואלו הן הבא על אשת איש והמלבין פני חבירו ברבים והמכנה שם רע לחבירו מכנה היינו מלבין אע"ג דדש ביה בשמיה
MISHNA: Just as there is a prohibition against exploitation [ona’a] in buying and selling, so is there ona’a in statements, i.e., verbal mistreatment. The mishna proceeds to cite examples of verbal mistreatment. One may not say to a seller: For how much are you selling this item, if he does not wish to purchase it. He thereby upsets the seller when the deal fails to materialize. The mishna lists other examples: If one is a penitent, another may not say to him: Remember your earlier deeds. If one is the child of converts, another may not say to him: Remember the deeds of your ancestors, as it is stated: “And a convert shall you neither mistreat, nor shall you oppress him” (Exodus 22:20). GEMARA: The Sages taught: It is written: “And you shall not mistreat [tonu] one man his colleague; and you shall fear your God, for I am the Lord your God” (Leviticus 25:17). The tanna explains: The verse is speaking with regard to verbal mistreatment. The baraita proceeds: Do you say that it is speaking of verbal mistreatment [be’ona’at devarim], or perhaps it is speaking only with regard to monetary exploitation [be’ona’at mammon]? When it says in a previous verse: “And if you sell to your colleague an item that is sold, or acquire from your colleague’s hand, you shall not exploit [tonu] his brother” (Leviticus 25:14), monetary exploitation is explicitly stated. How then do I realize the meaning of the verse: “And you shall not mistreat one man his colleague”? It is with regard to verbal mistreatment. How so? If one is a penitent, another may not say to him: Remember your earlier deeds. If one is the child of converts, another may not say to him: Remember the deed of your ancestors. If one is a convert and he came to study Torah, one may not say to him: Does the mouth that ate unslaughtered carcasses and animals that had wounds that would have caused them to die within twelve months [tereifot], and repugnant creatures, and creeping animals, comes to study Torah that was stated from the mouth of the Almighty? If torments are afflicting a person, if illnesses are afflicting him, or if he is burying his children, one may not speak to him in the manner that the friends of Job spoke to him: “Is not your fear of God your confidence, and your hope the integrity of your ways? Remember, I beseech you, whoever perished, being innocent?” (Job 4:6–7). Certainly you sinned, as otherwise you would not have suffered misfortune. Likewise, if donkey drivers are asking to purchase grain from someone, and he has none, he may not say to them: Go to so-and-so, as he sells grain, if he knows about him that he never sold grain at all. He thereby causes the donkey drivers and the would-be seller anguish. Rabbi Yehuda says: One may not even cast his eyes on the merchandise for sale, creating the impression that he is interested, at a time when he does not have money to purchase it. Verbal mistreatment is not typically obvious, and it is difficult to ascertain the intent of the offender, as the matter is given to the heart of each individual, as only he knows what his intention was when he spoke. And with regard to any matter given to the heart, it is stated: “And you shall fear your God” (Leviticus 25:17), as God is privy to the intent of the heart. Rabbi Yoḥanan says in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: Greater is the transgression of verbal mistreatment than the transgression of monetary exploitation, as with regard to this, verbal mistreatment, it is stated: “And you shall fear your God.” But with regard to that, monetary exploitation, it is not stated: “And you shall fear your God.” And Rabbi Elazar said this explanation: This, verbal mistreatment, affects one’s body; but that, monetary exploitation, affects one’s money. Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says: This, monetary exploitation, is given to restitution; but that, verbal mistreatment, is not given to restitution. The Gemara relates that the tanna who recited mishnayot and baraitot in the study hall taught a baraita before Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak: Anyone who humiliates another in public, it is as though he were spilling blood. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said to him: You have spoken well, as we see that after the humiliated person blushes, the red leaves his face and pallor comes in its place, which is tantamount to spilling his blood. Abaye said to Rav Dimi: In the West, i.e., Eretz Yisrael, with regard to what mitzva are they particularly vigilant? Rav Dimi said to him: They are vigilant in refraining from humiliating others, as Rabbi Ḥanina says: Everyone descends to Gehenna except for three. The Gemara asks: Does it enter your mind that everyone descends to Gehenna? Rather, say: Anyone who descends to Gehenna ultimately ascends, except for three who descend and do not ascend, and these are they: One who engages in intercourse with a married woman, as this transgression is a serious offense against both God and a person; and one who humiliates another in public; and one who calls another a derogatory name. The Gemara asks with regard to one who calls another a derogatory name: That is identical to one who shames him; why are they listed separately? The Gemara answers: Although the victim grew accustomed to being called that name in place of his name, and he is no longer humiliated by being called that name, since the intent was to insult him, the perpetrator’s punishment is severe.

~ Ona'a, verbal mistreatment, is something quite serious for rabbinic Judaism. How does the text prove the special case of ona'a? How does it bring it from the Torah text?

~ How hard is it to judge if someone oppressed someone else verbally? Why?

כדי להבין עד כמה שנאת הזרים רחוקה מן היהדות, ולכן גם מן התלמוד, יש לראות את המעמד המשפטי והחברתי של ה"גר", של הזר השוהה במדינה היהודית או בחברה יהודית אוטונומית. (בכל הקטע שלפנינו מדובר ב"גר תושב", דהיינו בזר שהתיישב בקרב יהודים, אך לא ב"גר צדק", דהיינו אדם שהתגייר מתוך שכנוע.) מדאורייתא היה הגר בעל זכויות שוות. בויקרא (כד, כב) כתוב: "מִשְׁפַּט אֶחָד יִהְיֶה לָכֶם, כַּגֵּר כָּאֶזְרָח יִהְיֶה: כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם". מלבד זאת אסור ללחוץ ולהלחיץ את הגר, ובאותה נשימה מצווה לאהבו "כמוך". "וְכִי-יָגוּר אִתְּךָ גֵּר בְּאַרְצְכֶם – לֹא תוֹנוּ אֹתוֹ. כְּאֶזְרָח מִכֶּם יִהְיֶה לָכֶם הַגֵּר הַגָּר אִתְּכֶם, וְאָהַבְתָּ לוֹ כָּמוֹךָ – כִּי גֵרִים הֱיִיתֶם בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם; אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם" (ויקרא יט, לג־לד). והשווה עוד שמות כב, כ; כג, ט; דברים כד, יז־יח, וכן בעת השבעת כל העם בהר גריזים ובהר עיבל, דברים כז, יט: "אָרוּר מַטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט גֵּר, יָתוֹם, וְאַלְמָנָה; וְאָמַר כָּל-הָעָם אָמֵן".
In order to understand just how far hatred of the stranger is from Judaism, and therefore also from the Talmud, one should examine the legal and social standing of the “Ger”, the stranger who dwells in the Jewish state, or in an autonomous Jewish community. (The entire passage which follows concerns the “ger toshav”, that is a stranger who has settled in a Jewish area, and not the “ger tzedek”, a stranger who has been persuaded to convert to Judaism.) According to the Torah the stranger has equal rights. In Leviticus (24:22) it is written: “You shall have one law, for the stranger and for the citizen: because I am the Lord your G-d”. Besides this, it is forbidden to force or put pressure on the stranger, and in the same breath there is the commandment to love him (the stranger) “as yourself”. “And when a stranger lives among you in your land – you must do him no wrong. The stranger who lives among you should be treated as one of your own, and you should love him as yourself – because you were strangers in Egypt; I am the Lord your G-d” (Leviticus 19:33-34). Compare also with Exodus 22:20;23:3; Deuteronomy 24:17-18 and also when the whole people are assembled at Mt. Gerizim and Mt. Ebal to hear the blessings and the curses in Deuteronomy 27:19: “Cursed is he who perverts justice due the stranger, orphan and widow; and all the people said Amen”.
רבן גמליאל אומר, כמו ראשי חדשים מתחדשים ומתקדשים בעה"ז, כך יהיו ישראל מתחדשים ומתקדשים לעה"ב, שנ' דבר אל כל עדת בני ישראל ואמרת אליהם קדושים תהיו כי קדוש אני ה'. וחכמים אומרים, שמים וארץ עתידים לעבור ולחדש, מה כתי' עליהם ונגולו כספר השמים כאדם הקורא בתורה וגולל אותה וחוזר ופותח וגולל אותה, כך הב"ה עתיד לגול את השמים, שנ' ונגולו השמים כספר והארץ כבגד תבלה, כאדם שהוא פושט את טליתו ומקפל אותה וחוזר ופותח ולובש אותה ומחדש אותה במקומה, שנ' והארץ כבגד תבלה.

THE NEW HEAVENS AND EARTH
RABBAN GAMALIEL said: Just as the New Moons are renewed and made kodesh in this world, so will Israel be made kodesh and renewed in the future world just like the New Moons, as it is said, "Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them, you shall be holy: for I the Lord your God am holy" (Lev. 19:2). The sages say: The heavens and the earth are destined to pass away and to be renewed. What is written concerning them? "And all the host of the heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll" (Isa. 34:4). Just as when a person reads in a scroll of the Torah and rolls it, and again opens it to read therein and rolls it (together), likewise in the future will the Holy One of Blessing roll together the heavens like a scroll, as it is said, "And the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll" (ibid.); "And the earth shall wax old like a garment" (Isa. 51:6); just as a person spreads out a garment and folds it up, and again unfolds it and puts it on and renews it (thereby), likewise the Holy One of Blessing in the future will fold up the earth and again will spread it out and put it in its place like a garment, as it is said. "And the earth shall wax old like a garment" (ibid.).

Pirkei de Rabi Eliezer brings a different idea about holiness, kedushah. What is it?

אֶלָּא וַדַּאי, אֵין קָדוֹשׁ כַּיְיָ', דְּכַמָּה קַדִּישִׁין נִינְהוּ, קַדִישִׁין לְעֵילָּא, דִּכְתִיב, (דניאל ד׳:י״ד) וּמֵאמַר קַדִישִׁין שְׁאֵלְתָּא. יִשְׂרָאֵל קַדִּישִׁין נִינְהוּ, דִּכְתִּיב, (ויקרא י״ט:ב׳) קְדוֹשִׁים תִּהְיוּ. וְכֻלְּהוּ קַדִּישִׁין, וְלָאו קַדִּישִׁין כַּיְיָ'. וּמַאי טַעְמָא. בְּגִין דִּכְתִיב, כִּי אֵין בִּלְתֶּךָ. מַאי, כִּי אֵין בִּלְתֶּךָ, אֶלָּא קְדוּשָּׁה דְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בִּלְתִּי קְדוּשָּׁא דִּלְהוֹן, דְּהוּא לָא אִצְטְרִיךְ לִקְדוּשָּׁה דִּלְהוֹן. אֲבָל אִינּוּן, לָאו אִינּוּן קַדִּישִׁין בִּלְתֶּךָ, וְדָא הוּא, כִּי אֵין בִּלְתֶּךָ, אֵין קְדוּשָּׁה דִּלְהוֹן, בִּלְתֶּךָ.

But obviously "Ein Kadosh K'Ad-nai" there is no one holy as Ad-nai; and there are many holy ones, holy ones above, as it is written (Daniel 4:14) "This verdict is commanded by the holy ones" Israel are holy ones, as it is written "you shall be holy." All those are holy, but are not holy as Ad-nai. What is the reason? Regarding this it is written "[there is no holy one like Ad-nai,] there is none beside You; [there is no rock like our God]" (I Samuel 2:2). What is "there is none beside You"? The kedusha of the Holy One of Blessing is not like the kedusha of the rest of them because God does not need their kedushah, but they, they can't be kadosh without You, and this is "there is none beside You" - without You they have no kedushah.

~ What is the point that the Zohar is making regarding holiness?

אֲבָל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ חִילּוּל הַשֵּׁם בְּיָדוֹ אֵין לוֹ כֹּחַ בִּתְשׁוּבָה לִתְלוֹת וְלֹא בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים לְכַפֵּר וְלֹא בְּיִסּוּרִין לְמָרֵק אֶלָּא כּוּלָּן תּוֹלִין וּמִיתָה מְמָרֶקֶת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְנִגְלָה בְאׇזְנָי ה׳ צְבָאוֹת אִם יְכוּפַּר הֶעָוֹן הַזֶּה לָכֶם עַד תְּמוּתוּן הֵיכִי דָּמֵי חִילּוּל הַשֵּׁם אָמַר רַב כְּגוֹן אֲנָא אִי שָׁקֵילְנָא בִּישְׂרָא מִטַּבָּחָא וְלָא יָהֵיבְנָא דְּמֵי לְאַלְתַּר אָמַר אַבָּיֵי לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא בְּאַתְרָא דְּלָא תָּבְעִי אֲבָל בְּאַתְרָא דְּתָבְעִי לֵית לַן בַּהּ אָמַר רָבִינָא וּמָתָא מַחְסֵיָא אַתְרָא דְּתָבְעִי הוּא אַבָּיֵי כִּדְשָׁקֵיל בִּישְׂרָא מִתְּרֵי שׁוּתָּפֵי יָהֵיב זוּזָא לְהַאי וְזוּזָא לְהַאי וַהֲדַר מְקָרֵב לְהוּ גַּבֵּי הֲדָדֵי וְעָבֵיד חוּשְׁבָּנָא רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר כְּגוֹן אֲנָא דִּמְסַגֵּינָא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת בְּלָא תּוֹרָה וּבְלָא תְּפִילִּין יִצְחָק דְּבֵי רַבִּי יַנַּאי אָמַר כׇּל שֶׁחֲבֵירָיו מִתְבַּיְּישִׁין מֵחֲמַת שְׁמוּעָתוֹ (הַיְינוּ חִילּוּל הַשֵּׁם) אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק כְּגוֹן דְּקָא אָמְרִי אִינָשֵׁי שְׁרָא לֵיהּ מָרֵיהּ לִפְלָנְיָא אַבָּיֵי אָמַר כִּדְתַנְיָא וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת ה׳ אֱלֹקֶיךָ שֶׁיְּהֵא שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם מִתְאַהֵב עַל יָדְךָ שֶׁיְּהֵא קוֹרֵא וְשׁוֹנֶה וּמְשַׁמֵּשׁ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים וִיהֵא מַשָּׂאוֹ וּמַתָּנוֹ בְּנַחַת עִם הַבְּרִיּוֹת מָה הַבְּרִיּוֹת אוֹמְרוֹת עָלָיו אַשְׁרֵי אָבִיו שֶׁלִּמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה אַשְׁרֵי רַבּוֹ שֶׁלִּמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה אוֹי לָהֶם לַבְּרִיּוֹת שֶׁלֹּא לָמְדוּ תּוֹרָה פְּלוֹנִי שֶׁלִּמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה רְאוּ כַּמָּה נָאִים דְּרָכָיו כַּמָּה מְתוּקָּנִים מַעֲשָׂיו עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר וַיֹּאמֶר לִי עַבְדִּי אָתָּה יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר בְּךָ אֶתְפָּאָר אֲבָל מִי שֶׁקּוֹרֵא וְשׁוֹנֶה וּמְשַׁמֵּשׁ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים וְאֵין מַשָּׂאוֹ וּמַתָּנוֹ בֶּאֱמוּנָה וְאֵין דִּבּוּרוֹ בְּנַחַת עִם הַבְּרִיּוֹת מָה הַבְּרִיּוֹת אוֹמְרוֹת עָלָיו אוֹי לוֹ לִפְלוֹנִי שֶׁלָּמַד תּוֹרָה אוֹי לוֹ לְאָבִיו שֶׁלִּמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה אוֹי לוֹ לְרַבּוֹ שֶׁלִּמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה פְּלוֹנִי שֶׁלָּמַד תּוֹרָה רְאוּ כַּמָּה מְקוּלְקָלִין מַעֲשָׂיו וְכַמָּה מְכוֹעָרִין דְּרָכָיו וְעָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר בֶּאֱמוֹר לָהֶם עַם ה׳ אֵלֶּה וּמֵאַרְצוֹ יָצָאוּ
But in the case of one who has caused desecration of God’s name, his repentance has no power to suspend punishment, nor does Yom Kippur have power to atone for his sin, nor does suffering alone have power to absolve him. Rather, all these suspend punishment, and death absolves him, as it is stated: “And the Lord of Hosts revealed Himself to my ears: This iniquity shall not be atoned for until you die” (Isaiah 22:14). § The Gemara asks: What are the circumstances that cause desecration of God’s name? Rav said: For example, in the case of someone like me, since I am an important public figure, if I take meat from a butcher and do not give him money immediately, people are likely to think that I did not mean to pay at all. They would consider me a thief and learn from my behavior that one is permitted to steal. Abaye said: They taught this statement of Rav only in a place where they do not ask for the money, where it is not customary for the butcher himself to come and collect payment from the customer. When the customer does not pay immediately, people may suspect him of theft. But in a place where they ask for the money from the customer some time later, we have no problem with doing this. Since everyone understands he is buying on credit, he is not desecrating God’s name. Ravina said: My native city of Meḥasya is a place where they ask for and collect the money. The Gemara relates that when Abaye bought meat from two partners, he would give the money to this one and the money to this one, so that each would know that he had paid. And afterward he would bring them together and perform the calculation to see whether he was receive his change. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: What is an example of desecration of God’s name? For example, someone like me, if I would walk four cubits without Torah and without phylacteries, and the onlookers did not know that it is only on account of my body’s weakness, that would be a desecration of God’s name. Yitzḥak from the school of Rabbi Yannai said: Any case when one’s friends are embarrassed on account of his reputation, meaning his friends are embarrassed due to things they hear about him, this is a desecration of God’s name. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: One creates a profanation of God’s name, for example, when people say about him: May his Master forgive so-and-so for the sins he has done. Abaye said: As it was taught in a baraita that it is stated: “And you shall love the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 6:5), which means that you shall make the name of Heaven beloved. How should one do so? One should do so in that he should read Torah, and learn Mishna, and serve Torah scholars, and he should be pleasant with people in his business transactions. What do people say about such a person? Fortunate is his father who taught him Torah, fortunate is his teacher who taught him Torah, woe to the people who have not studied Torah. So-and-so, who taught him Torah, see how pleasant are his ways, how proper are his deeds. The verse states about him and others like him: “You are My servant, Israel, in whom I will be glorified” (Isaiah 49:3). But one who reads Torah, and learns Mishna, and serves Torah scholars, but his business practices are not done faithfully, and he does not speak pleasantly with other people, what do people say about him? Woe to so-and-so who studied Torah, woe to his father who taught him Torah, woe to his teacher who taught him Torah. So-and-so who studied Torah, see how destructive are his deeds, and how ugly are his ways. About him and others like him the verse states that the gentiles will say: “Men said of them: These are the people of the Lord, yet they had to leave His land” (Ezekiel 36:20). Through their sins and subsequent exile, such people have desecrated the name of God.

~ Making God's name holy in this world is called "Kedushat Hashem." It's opposite is "Hilul Hashem." Why do you think desecrating God's name is one of the things for which there is no complete teshuvah, no repentance, in this world?

~ What are the examples the rabbis give? What is the leading principle?

כָּל הָעוֹבֵר מִדַּעְתּוֹ בְּלֹא אֹנֶס עַל אַחַת מִכָּל מִצְוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה בִּשְׁאָט בְּנֶפֶשׁ לְהַכְעִיס הֲרֵי זֶה מְחַלֵּל אֶת הַשֵּׁם. וּלְפִיכָךְ נֶאֱמַר בִּשְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר (ויקרא יט יב) "וְחִלַּלְתָּ אֶת שֵׁם אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֲנִי ה'". וְאִם עָבַר בַּעֲשָׂרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל הֲרֵי זֶה חִלֵּל אֶת הַשֵּׁם בָּרַבִּים. וְכֵן כָּל הַפּוֹרֵשׁ מֵעֲבֵרָה אוֹ עָשָׂה מִצְוָה לֹא מִפְּנֵי דָּבָר בָּעוֹלָם לֹא פַּחַד וְלֹא יִרְאָה וְלֹא לְבַקֵּשׁ כָּבוֹד אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי הַבּוֹרֵא בָּרוּךְ הוּא כִּמְנִיעַת יוֹסֵף הַצַּדִּיק עַצְמוֹ מֵאֵשֶׁת רַבּוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת הַשֵּׁם:
Whosoever willfully, without duress, will transgress one of the commandments of the Torah, because he despises it and does so spitefully, behold, he is blaspheming the Name. Therefore, it is said of false swearing: "Thou hast hereby defiled the name of thy God; I am the Lord" (Lev. 19. 12). And if he commits the offense in the presence of ten Israelites, he is guilty of public blasphemy. Conversely, if one abstains from sin, or fulfills a commandment without ulterior motive, not because of terror or fear, nor in pursuit of honor, but merely for the sake of the Creator, blessed is He! Even as Joseph the Pious did resist the temptation of his master's wife, behold, he doth sanctify the Name of God.

קדושים תהיו כו' (ויקרא יט, ב). במדרש (ויק"ר כד) יכול כמוני, תלמוד לומר כי קדוש אני ה', קדושתי למעלה מקדושתכם. הנראה לי בזה וכבר האריכו הקדמונים בענין הזה, דהיינו במה שיכול האדם לגשת על עבודת הקודש איזה עבודה שהוא בלב הוי אומר זה תפלה, דהיינו במה שנותן נגד עיניו גדולת הבורא ברוך הוא אומר מה אני לבקש ולזעוק לפני המלך הגדול מלך מלכי המלכים הקדוש ברוך הוא הלא אני עפר רמה ותולעה מלא עונות ופשעים, ואחר כך חושב בעצמו מהיום והלאה אני מקבל עלי עול מלכות שמים באמת ובלב שלם וכן בכל יום ויום ילך ממדריגה למדריגה וישמע חכם ויוסיף לקח. וזהו דאיתא במסכת שבת (כא:) נר חנוכה בית שמאי אומרים כו', ובית הלל אומרים מוסיף והולך, פירוש לפי שבכל יום מהח' ימי חנוכה כאשר מקיים מצוה ומצוה גוררת מצוה, אזי מתדבק לעבודת הבורא ברוך הוא ובכל יום כאשר עושה עוד מצוה אזי מתדבק יותר להבורא ברוך הוא ונמצא אז רואה גודל שפלותו, כי כל מה שהוא קרוב יותר אל המלך אזי נראה יותר בעיניו גודל שפלותו ובזה יהיה יכול לבוא אל מדריגת אי"ן ולענוה יתירה. ובית הלל שהיו במדת ענוה ביותר על כן אמרו מוסיף והולך כנ"ל. וזה כוונת המדרש קדושים תהיו, יכול כמוני, תלמוד לומר כי קדוש אני ה', קדושתי למעלה מקדושתכם, דהיינו מחמת רוב קדושתכם אזי נתקדש שמי ביותר. וזהו קדושתי למעלה , דהיינו שנתקדש שמי מחמת קדושתכם. והנה מה טוב ומה נעים לכל איש הישראלי להתדבק במדת ענוה וכמאמר הכתוב (משלי כב, ד) עקב ענוה יראת ה', ואז יגרום שיתקדש שמו הגדול בזה על ידי אנשים אשר הם בוודאי חשובים ועושים מצות ומעשים טובים ואף על פי כן הם בעיניהם כאין נגד הבורא וזהו שנתגדל שמו ברבים. כן יתן לנו השם יתברך מדת ענוה ושאר מדת ישרות אמן:

Levitcus 19,2. “Be holy, etc.!” Vayikra Rabbah ‎‎24,9, considering the words: ‎כי קדוש אני‎, “for I am holy,” asks ‎whether it is possible that the Torah demands that we, the Jewish ‎people, are to be as holy as He is? The Midrash’s answer is ‎that, on the contrary, the words ‎כי קדוש אני‎ I am holy, My kedushah is higher than yours, meaning, as holy we can become, God's holiness will always be superior to ‎ours.
I see this, and earlier commentators have already dealt with the ‎meaning of this verse at length, and they ‎concluded that this refers to serving the Lord with one’s heart. And what is "serving the Lord with one's heart? That is prayer (cf Taanit 2a). The “prayer” meant by the Talmud there is not ‎that we address our requests to the Lord, but that we express ‎our awareness of His greatness and at the same time our ‎inadequacy, ‎by stating that compared to Him we are only dust and ashes, that ‎we are sullied by our sins, and that we accept the yoke of Heaven we can begin to gradually develop the level of ‎holiness that it is possible for any of God's creatures to attain.‎ And a ‎wise man will hear and (each time) increase - (Proverbs 1:5) meaning, increase our level of spirituality, holiness.
...This idea is also reflected in the opening words of our portion ‎קדושים תהיו‎, “commence the process to become holy, as it is ‎continuous and feeds on itself.” An additional factor helping you ‎to progress along this route is ‎כי קדוש אני‎, “for I am holy,” i.e. ‎when you contemplate My holiness this will inspire you to ‎emulate My holiness - ‎in fact, My own holiness will increase proportionate ‎to the amount of holiness to be found among you.
And behold, there is nothing better for a Jewish person to attach oneself to but the characteristic of humility, as it says (Proverbs 22:4) “the natural ‎result of humility is fear of the Lord" the more people practice ‎humility the greater they bring about the holiness of God, through people, who think and do mitzvot and good deeds, even though they are nothing in comparison to the Creator, and this is how we will make God's name great among the public. And so may the Holy One give us humility, and all the other decent human characteristics, amen.

~ How is God's holiness dependent on ours?

דבר אל כל עדת בנ"י קדושים תהיו, לכאורה יפלא איך שייך לומר לכל עדת בני ישראל שיהיו קדושים, מה שהוא מעלה אפי' לגדולי ישראל כי לאו כל אדם זוכה לכך שיקרא קדוש, ובאשר שזה הוא מצות עשה לכל אחד ואחד נראה שכל איש ואיש יהי' מי שיהי' יכול להיות קדוש וזה פלא, ונראה דהפי' הוא דכל אחד ואחד לפי מה שהוא מצוה עליו שיפריש ויבדל ממה שהוא עומד בו, ובאמת כי הקדושה שלפשוטי העם, לא נחשב לאנשי המעלה מאומה כמובן, ומ"מ לאיש כזה שהוא מבדיל עצמו מהחומריות שנחשב אצלו לחומריות הוא אצלו קדושה, ולאנשי המעלה עדיין אין זה קדושה כלל, והוא צריך להבדיל עצמו גם ממה שהוא בתמידות, אף שלגבי הפשוטים התמידות שלהם הוא להם לקדושה גדולה, הכלל שהוא מצוה כוללת, אך לכל אחד ואחד יש קדושה אחרת מה שאין לזולתו, כי כל איש צריך להתקדש ממה שטבעו נוטה לזה:

And on the face of it, it is an impossible thing! How could the text say that all of the congregation of Israel should be holy! Holiness is beyond even the greatest among Israel, since not every person can merit to be called holy. And it is a positive commandment for every human. And this is extraordinary: even though every person is what they are, they can still be holy. And it seems that the explanation is that each, according to what The Holy One commands each person, that person needs to separate and comprehend their standing. The holiness of simple people is not appropriate for those who are in a higher standing, and a person who understands what for them is materialism and coarseness and separates themselves from it, that is holiness. But for those in a higher level that is not holiness at all, and a person in that standing needs to separate from other things, constantly - even if for the simple people their separating constantly from their materialism is real and great kedushah. And the general rule is that this is a general mitzvah but for each person it will look like a different mitzvah, as there is a different holiness, as each person needs to make holy their tendencies that their nature gives them.