(ג) אֲבָל אִם לֹא יִזְעֲקוּ וְלֹא יָרִיעוּ אֶלָּא יֹאמְרוּ דָּבָר זֶה מִמִּנְהַג הָעוֹלָם אֵרַע לָנוּ וְצָרָה זוֹ נִקְרָה נִקְרֵית. הֲרֵי זוֹ דֶּרֶךְ אַכְזָרִיּוּת וְגוֹרֶמֶת לָהֶם לְהִדַּבֵּק בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם הָרָעִים. וְתוֹסִיף הַצָּרָה צָרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת. הוּא שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה (ויקרא כו כז) "וַהֲלַכְתֶּם עִמִּי בְּקֶרִי" (ויקרא כו כח) "וְהָלַכְתִּי גַּם אֲנִי עִמָּכֶם בַּחֲמַת קֶרִי". כְּלוֹמַר כְּשֶׁאָבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם צָרָה כְּדֵי שֶׁתָּשׁוּבוּ אִם תֹּאמְרוּ שֶׁהִיא קֶרִי אוֹסִיף לָכֶם חֲמַת אוֹתוֹ קֶרִי:
(3) But if they do not cry out and sound [trumpets], but rather say, "What has happened to us is the way of the world, and this trouble is merely happenstance" — it is surely the way of cruelty, and it causes them to stick to their bad deeds. And the trouble will add other troubles. About this is it written in the Torah (Leviticus 26: 27-28), "but walk arbitrarily with Me. Then I will (also) walk arbitrarily with you in fury." That is to say, "When I will bring upon you troubles — if you will say that it is arbitrary, I will increase the fury of this arbitrariness."
(ט) כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהַצִּבּוּר מִתְעַנִּים עַל צָרָתָן כָּךְ הַיָּחִיד מִתְעַנֶּה עַל צָרָתוֹ. כֵּיצַד. הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ חוֹלֶה אוֹ תּוֹעֶה בַּמִּדְבָּר אוֹ אָסוּר בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִין. יֵשׁ לוֹ לְהִתְעַנּוֹת עָלָיו וּלְבַקֵּשׁ רַחֲמִים בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ. וְאוֹמֵר עֲנֵנוּ וְכוּ' בְּכָל תְּפִלָּה שֶׁמִּתְפַּלֵּל.
(9) Just like the community fasts about their troubles, so [too] does the individual fast about his trouble. How is this? See that [if] one had a sick person or one lost in the wilderness or imprisoned in a prison, one should fast for [that person] and request mercy in his prayer. And (on these fasts), [the person] should recite, "Answer us, etc.," in every prayer-service that they pray.
(יב) הָרוֹאֶה חֲלוֹם רַע צָרִיךְ לְהִתְעַנּוֹת לְמָחָר. כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּשׁוּב וְיֵעוֹר בְּמַעֲשָׂיו וִיחַפֵּשׂ בָּהֶן וְיַחֲזֹר בִּתְשׁוּבָה. וּמִתְעַנֶּה וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת.
(12) One who has a bad dream needs to fast on the morrow, so as to return/do teshuvah, become cognizant of their actions, examine them and repent. And one should fast even on Shabbat...
(ד) עַל הַחֶרֶב כֵּיצַד. אֲפִלּוּ חֶרֶב שֶׁל שָׁלוֹם כְּגוֹן שֶׁעָרְכוּ מִלְחָמָה עַכּוּ''ם עִם עַכּוּ''ם וְעָבְרוּ בִּמְקוֹם יִשְׂרָאֵל אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶם וּבֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל מִלְחָמָה הֲרֵי זוֹ צָרָה וּמִתְעַנִּין עָלֶיהָ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כו ו) "וְחֶרֶב לֹא תַעֲבֹר בְּאַרְצְכֶם" מִכְּלַל שֶׁרְאִיַּת הַמִּלְחָמָה צָרָה:
(4) About the sword (foreign troops) — how is this? Even a sword of peace. For example, idolaters making war with idolaters and they passed through a place of Israelites: Even though there is no war between them and the Israelites, this is surely a trouble, and we fast about it. As it is stated (Leviticus 26:6), "and the sword shall not pass through your land" — implying that [merely] seeing a war is a trouble.
(א) יֵשׁ שָׁם יָמִים שֶׁכָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל מִתְעַנִּים בָּהֶם מִפְּנֵי הַצָּרוֹת שֶׁאֵרְעוּ בָּהֶן כְּדֵי לְעוֹרֵר הַלְּבָבוֹת לִפְתֹּחַ דַּרְכֵי הַתְּשׁוּבָה וְיִהְיֶה זֶה זִכָּרוֹן לְמַעֲשֵׂינוּ הָרָעִים וּמַעֲשֵׂה אֲבוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁהָיָה כְּמַעֲשֵׂינוּ עַתָּה עַד שֶׁגָּרַם לָהֶם וְלָנוּ אוֹתָן הַצָּרוֹת. שֶׁבְּזִכְרוֹן דְּבָרִים אֵלּוּ נָשׁוּב לְהֵיטִיב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כו, מ) "וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת עֲוֹנָם וְאֶת עֲוֹן אֲבֹתָם" וְגוֹ':
(1) There are days that all the people of Israel observe as fasts on account of the tragic events which occurred on them, the purpose being to appeal to the hearts and to lay open the paths of repentance. This serves as a reminder of our evil doings, and the deeds of our fathers which were like ours now, resulting in the afflictions endured by them and by us. By remembering these things we are likely to repent and do right, as it is written: "They shall confess their sins and the sins of their fathers…" (Leviticus 26:40).