Phoenixes
(58) Among the birds the phoenix is the most wonderful. When Eve gave all the animals some of the fruit of the tree of knowledge, the phoenix was the only bird that refused to eat thereof, and he was rewarded with eternal life. When he has lived a thousand years, his body shrinks, and the feathers drop from it, until he is as small as an egg. This is the nucleus of the new bird.
(59) The phoenix is also called "the guardian of the terrestrial sphere." He runs with the sun on his circuit, and he spreads out his wings and catches up the fiery rays of the sun. If he were not there to intercept them, neither man nor any other animate being would keep alive. On his right wing the following words are inscribed in huge letters, about four thousand stadia high: "Neither the earth produces me, nor the heavens, but only the wings of fire." His food consists of the manna of heaven and the dew of the earth. His excrement is a worm, whose excrement in turn is the cinnamon used by kings and princes. Enoch, who saw the phoenix birds when he was translated, describes them as flying creatures, wonderful and strange in appearance, with the feet and tails of lions, and the heads of crocodiles; their appearance is of a purple color like the rainbow; their size nine hundred measures. Their wings are like those of angels, each having twelve, and they attend the chariot of the sun and go with him, bringing heat and dew as they are ordered by God. In the morning when the sun starts on his daily course, the phoenixes and the chalkidri sing, and every bird flaps its wings, rejoicing the Giver of light, and they sing a song at the command of the Lord. Among reptiles the salamander and the shamir are the most marvellous. The salamander originates from a fire of myrtle wood which has been kept burning for seven years steadily by means of magic arts. Not bigger than a mouse, it yet is invested with peculiar properties. One who smears himself with its blood is invulnerable, and the web woven by it is a talisman against fire. The people who lived at the deluge boasted that, were a fire flood to come, they would protect themselves with the blood of the salamander.
(קיח) (בראשית ח יט) למשפחותיהם יצאו מן התבה א״ר יוחנן למשפחותיהם ולא הם. אמר רב חנא בר ליואי אמר ליה אליעזר לשם רבא כתיב למשפחותיהם יצאו מן התיבה אתון היכי הויתון א״ל צער גדול היה לנו בתיבה בריה שדרכה להאכילה ביום האכלנוה ביום שדרכה להאכילה בלילה האכלנוה בלילה. האי זיקתא לא הוה ידע אבא מה אכלה יומא חד הוה יתיב וקא פאלי רמונא נפל תולעתא מיניה אכלה מכאן ואילך הוה גביל ליה חיזרא כי מתלע אכלת אריה אשתא זינתיה דאמר רב לא בציר משיתא ולא טפי מתריסר זינא אשתא. אורשינא אשכחיה אבא דגני בספנא דתיבותא א״ל לא בעית מזוני א״ל חזיתיך דהוה טרידת אמינא לא אצערך אמר ליה יהא רעוא דלא תמות שנאמר (איוב כט יח) ואומר עם קני אגוע וכחול ארבה ימים:
(118) (Gen. 8, 19) After their families. R. Jochanan said: "Infer from this that each family was placed separately." R. Chana b. Bizna said: "Eliezer, the servant of Abraham, questioned Shem the senior (son of Noah). 'As all the animals were placed separately, where was your family placed?' And he answered: 'We had great trouble in the ark to feed all the animals. The creature whose habit it is to eat in the daytime we had to feed by day, and those whose habit it is to eat in the night, we had to feed by night. A chamoleon, my father did not know what its food was. It happened one day that he cut a pomegranate and a worm fell out of it, and the chamoleon consumed it, and from that time he prepared its food from bran that had become wormy. The lion's fever fed its vital energies, as Rab said: Not less than six and not more than twelve days one can live in fever without taking any food. The phoenix my father found that it slept in a corner of the ark, and to his question, 'Dost thou need any food,' it answered, 'I saw thou wert very busy, and I thought I would not trouble thee.' And he blessed her that it should never die, and concerning it says the passage (Job 29, 18) As the chaul (phoenix) shall I have many days'."
Fire Salamanders
(ד) יֶשׁ לְךָ בְּרִיּוֹת שֶׁהֵן גְּדֵלוֹת בָּאֲוִיר וְאֵין גְּדֵלוֹת בָּאוּר, יֵשׁ לְךָ בְּרִיּוֹת בָּאוּר וְאֵינָן גְּדֵלוֹת בָּאֲוִיר. אִם עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבָּאֲוִיר לָאוּר, אֵין לָהֶם חַיִּים. וְאוֹתָן שֶׁבָּאוּר אִם עוֹלוֹת לָאֲוִיר, אֵין לָהֶם חַיִּים. וַחֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה הָשְׁלְכוּ לְתוֹךְ הַכִּבְשָׁן וְעָלוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בֵּאדַיִן נָפְקִין שַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ מִן גּוֹא נוּרָא (דניאל ג, כו). בְּרִיּוֹת הַגְּדֵלוֹת בָּאוּר וְאֵינָן גְּדֵלוֹת בָּאֲוִיר, וְאֵיזוֹ, זוֹ סַלָּמַנְדְּרָא. כֵּיצַד, הַזַּגָּגִין הָעוֹשִׂין אֶת הַזְּכוּכִית, כְּשֶׁהֵן מַסִּיקִין אֶת הַכִּבְשָׁן שִׁבְעָה יָמִים וְשִׁבְעָה לֵילוֹת רְצוּפִין, מִכֹּבֶד הָאוּר יוֹצֵא מִשָּׁם בְּרִיָּה הַדּוֹמָה לְעַכְבָּר (ס״א: לְעַכָּבִישׁ), וְהַבְּרִיּוֹת קוֹרִין אוֹתָהּ סַלָּמַנְדְּרָא. אָדָם סָךְ יָדוֹ מִדָּמָהּ אוֹ אֶחָד מֵאֵבָרָיו, אֵין הָאוּר שׁוֹלֶטֶת בְּאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם. לָמָּה, עַל שֶׁתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיאָתָהּ מִן הָאוּר. מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה, תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים אֵין אוּר שֶׁל גֵּיהִנָּם שׁוֹלֶטֶת בָּהֶן, קַל וָחֹמֶר מִסַּלָּמַנְדְּרָא. וּמָה סַלָּמַנְדְּרָא עַל שֶׁתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיאָתָהּ מִן הָאוּר, הַסָּךְ מִדָּמָהּ אֵין הָאוּר שׁוֹלֶטֶת בּוֹ, תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שׁוֹמְרֵי תוֹרָה שֶׁהִיא דַּת אֵשׁ וְנִתְּנָה מִיַּד אֵשׁ אוֹכְלָה וְלוֹמְדֶיהָ בֵּית יַעֲקֹב אֵשׁ, עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: מַה גָּדְלוּ מַעֲשֶׂיךָ יקוק.
(4) There are creatures that thrive in the air but do not thrive in fire, and conversely there are creatures that thrive in fire but do not thrive in the air. If one that lives in the air enters a fire, he cannot survive, and if one that lives in fire ascends into the air, he cannot survive. Yet Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah were hurled into the fire and went forth unscathed, as it is said: Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego came forth (Dan. 3:26). The creature that thrives in fire but does not thrive in the air is the salamander. How do we know this? When glass blowers are about to fashion glass objects, they stoke their furnace for seven days and seven nights. When the fire becomes extremely hot, a creature similar to a lizard that is called a salamander comes out. If a man should smear his hand or any part of his body with its blood, fire will not affect that place, for the animal is created in fire. From this fact our sages taught that the fire of Gehenna does not affect the scholar, (deriving this) a fortiori from a salamander. For if the blood of a salamander, which is merely created in fire, can make a man’s body immune to fire, how much more so would the scholar, who observes the law, which is a fiery law, given by One who is a consuming fire, and of whose teacher (is said): The house of Jacob shall be a fire (Obad. 18), be immune from the fire of Gehenna. Hence it is said: How great are Thy works, O Lord! Thy thoughts are very deep (Ps. 92:6).
However, the traditional view of our sages of the wording in our verse not mentioning fire specifically is based on their making the father culpable for this transgression already before the child gets to the fire, i.e. at the beginning of the procedure, the one called העברה by the Torah. As soon as even a single one of its limbs is burned the father is guilty of death (Sanhedrin 64). The reason that this verse is appended to one dealing with adultery, something apparently totally unrelated, may be that G’d displays jealousy of the Jewish people serving such cults and thereby being unfaithful to Him, just as a husband is angry when his wife is unfaithful to him. This thought is spelled out in connection with idolatry already in the second of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20,5) “for I the Lord your G’d am a jealous G’d.”
(לה) (דף כז) א״ר אבהו אמר רבי אלעזר ת״ח אין אור של גיהנם שולטת בהן קל וחומר מסלמנדרא ומה סלמנדרא שתולדות האש היא הסך מדמה אין אור שולטת בו ת״ח שגופן אש דכתיב (ירמיה כג כט) הלא כה דברי כאש נאם ה׳ על אחת כמה וכמה:
(35) (Fol. 27) R. Abahu said in the name of R. Eliezer: "The fire of Gehenna has no power over the scholars. For this is shown by a fortiori argument drawn from the Salamander, which is only a creature of fire, and still fire has no power over him, that besmears himself with its blood; how much more then have the flames no power over the scholars, whose whole body is fire, as it is written (Jer. 23, 29) Is not thus My word like fire? saith the Lord."
(59) The phoenix is also called "the guardian of the terrestrial sphere." He runs with the sun on his circuit, and he spreads out his wings and catches up the fiery rays of the sun. If he were not there to intercept them, neither man nor any other animate being would keep alive. On his right wing the following words are inscribed in huge letters, about four thousand stadia high: "Neither the earth produces me, nor the heavens, but only the wings of fire." His food consists of the manna of heaven and the dew of the earth. His excrement is a worm, whose excrement in turn is the cinnamon used by kings and princes. Enoch, who saw the phoenix birds when he was translated, describes them as flying creatures, wonderful and strange in appearance, with the feet and tails of lions, and the heads of crocodiles; their appearance is of a purple color like the rainbow; their size nine hundred measures. Their wings are like those of angels, each having twelve, and they attend the chariot of the sun and go with him, bringing heat and dew as they are ordered by God. In the morning when the sun starts on his daily course, the phoenixes and the chalkidri sing, and every bird flaps its wings, rejoicing the Giver of light, and they sing a song at the command of the Lord. Among reptiles the salamander and the shamir are the most marvellous. The salamander originates from a fire of myrtle wood which has been kept burning for seven years steadily by means of magic arts. Not bigger than a mouse, it yet is invested with peculiar properties. One who smears himself with its blood is invulnerable, and the web woven by it is a talisman against fire. The people who lived at the deluge boasted that, were a fire flood to come, they would protect themselves with the blood of the salamander.
(60) King Hezekiah owes his life to the salamander. His wicked father, King Ahaz, had delivered him to the fires of Moloch, and he would have been burnt, had his mother not painted him with the blood of the salamander, so that the fire could do him no harm.
(24) While the northern kingdom was rapidly descending into the pit of destruction, a mighty upward impulse was given to Judah, both spiritually and materially, by its king Hezekiah. In his infancy the king had been destined as a sacrifice to Moloch. His mother had saved him from death only by rubbing him with the blood of a salamander, which made him fire-proof. In every respect he was the opposite of his father. As the latter is counted among the worst of sinners, so Hezekiah is counted among the most pious of Israel. His first act as king is evidence that he held the honor of God to be his chief concern, important beyond all else. He refused to accord his father regal obsequies; his remains were buried as though he had been poor and of plebeian rank. Impious as he was, Ahaz deserved nothing more dignified. God had Himself made it known to Hezekiah, by a sign, that his father was to have no consideration paid him. On the day of the dead king's funeral daylight lasted but two hours, and his body had to be interred when the earth was enveloped in darkness.
Rava taught: What is the meaning of that which is written: “A contemptible torch [lapid] in the thought of him that is at ease, a thing ready for them whose foot slips” (Job 12:5)? This teaches that Noah the righteous would rebuke the people of his generation, and he said to them statements that are harsh as torches [kelapidim], and they would treat him with contempt. They said to him: Old man, why are you building this ark? Noah said to them: The Holy One, Blessed be He, is bringing a flood upon you. They said to him: A flood of what? If it is a flood of fire, we have another item and it is called alita, and it is fireproof. And if it is a flood of water that He brings, if He brings the water from the earth, we have iron plates with which we can plate the earth to prevent the water from rising. And if He brings the water from the heavens, we have an item and it is called ekev, and some say it is called ikkesh, which will absorb the water.
עליתה שמה - אין אש שולט בה: