(א) וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים אֶל נֹחַ וְאֶל בָּנָיו וגו' וַאֲנִי הִנְנִי מֵקִים (בראשית ט, ח ט),
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה,
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָמַר לְפִי שֶׁעָבַר עַל הַצִּוּוּי לְפִיכָךְ נִתְבַּזָה,
וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר הוֹסִיף עַל הַצִּוּוּי וְנָהַג בִּקְדֻשָּׁה, לְפִיכָךְ זָכָה הוּא וּבָנָיו לְדִבּוּר וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים אֶל נֹחַ וְאֶל בָּנָיו.
(1) "And God said to Noah and to his sons with him "I now establish My covenant with you and your offspring to come" (Genesis 9:8-9)": Rabbi Judah and Rabbi Nehemiah: Rabbi Judah said: "Because he transgressed my command and because of that was despised". And Rabbi Nehemiah said: "He added to my command and acted in holiness. Because of that he and his sons obtained the speech: "And God said to Noah and to his sons with him".
(ב) וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים זֹאת אוֹת הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי נֹתֵן בֵּינִי וּבֵינֵיכֶם וגו' לְדֹרֹת עוֹלָם (בראשית ט, יב),
אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן לְדֹרֹת כְּתִיב, פְּרַט לִשְׁנֵי דוֹרוֹת, לְדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל חִזְקִיָּהוּ וּלְדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל אַנְשֵׁי כְּנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה.
רַבִּי חִזְקִיָּה מוֹצִיא דוֹרָן שֶׁל אַנְשֵׁי כְּנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה וּמֵבִיא דוֹרוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי.
אֵלִיָּהוּ זָכוּר לַטּוֹב וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי הֲווֹן יָתְבִין תָּנְיִן בַּחֲדָא, מְטוֹן שְׁמוּעָה מִן דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי, אָמְרֵי הָא מָרָא דִשְׁמַעְתָּא נֵיעוֹל וְנִישַׁיְילֵיה,
עָל אֵלִיָּהוּ זָכוּר לַטּוֹב לְגַבֵּיהּ,
אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָן עִמָּךְ,
אֲמַר לֵיהּ גְּדוֹל הַדּוֹר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי,
אֲמַר לֵיהּ נִרְאֲתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בְּיָמָיו,
אֲמַר לֵיהּ הֵן,
אָמַר אִם נִרְאָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בְּיָמָיו לֵית הוּא כְּדַאי לְמֶחֱמֵי סְבַר אַפָּאי.
רַבִּי חִזְקִיָּה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה אָמַר, כָּךְ אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי, בִּקְעָה בִּקְעָה אִימָלְאִי דִּינָרֵי זָהָב, וְנִתְמַלְּאָה.
רַבִּי חִזְקִיָּה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה אָמַר ,כָּךְ אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי, אִי בָּעֵי אַבְרָהָם לְמִקְרָבֵי מִן גַּבֵּיהּ וְעַד גַּבִּי, וַאֲנָא מְקָרֵב מִגַּבִּי עַד מַלְכָּא מְשִׁיחָא, וְאִין לָא בָּעֵי יִצְטָרֵף אֲחִיָה הַשִּׁילוֹנִי עִמִּי וַאֲנַן מְקָרְבִין מִן אַבְרָהָם עַד מַלְכָּא מְשִׁיחָא.
רַבִּי חִזְקִיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה אָמַר כָּךְ אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי, אֵין הָעוֹלָם יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד בְּפָחוֹת מִשְׁלשִׁים צַדִּיקִים כְּאַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ, אִי תְּלָתִין אִינּוּן אֲנָא וּבְרִי תְּרֵי מִנְּהוֹן, וְאִם עֶשְׂרִים אִינּוּן אֲנָא וּבְרִי מִנְּהוֹן, וְאִם עֲשָׂרָה אִינּוּן אֲנָא וּבְרִי מִנְּהוֹן, וְאִם חֲמִשָּׁה אִינּוּן אֲנָא וּבְרִי מִנְּהוֹן, וְאִם תְּרֵין אִינּוּן אֲנָא וּבְרִי הֵן, וְאִם חַד הוּא אֲנָא הוּא.
(2) "God further said, “This is the sign that I set for the covenant between Me and you, and every living creature with you, for all ages to come (Genesis 9:12)": Rabbi Yudan said "for generations" is written, he specifies two generations, the generation of Hezekiah and the generation of the men of the Great Assembly". Rabbi Hezekiah took out the generation of the men of the Great Assembly and introduced the generation of Rabbi Shimon son of Yochai. Elijah, remembered for good, and Rabbi Joshua son of Levi were reclining and studying together and they arrived at an opinion from Shimon son of Yochai and they said: "Look the author of this opinion is here and we will ask him about it". Elijah, remembered for good, went with him, and Shimon said to Elijah: "Who was with you?". And he said: "The great one of this generation, Rabbi Joshua son of Levi". He said to him: "Did a rainbow appear in his days?" And he said to him: "Yes". He said: "If a rainbow has appeared in his days he is not sufficient to meet with my face". Rabbi Hezekiah in the name of Rabbi Jeremiah said: "So spoke Rabbi Shimon son of Yochai: "Valley, valley be filled with dinars of gold" and it was filled".
Rabbi Hezekiah in the name of Rabbi Jeremiah said: "So spoke Rabbi Shimon son of Yochai: "If Abraham can intercede from his generation to my generation, and I can intercede from my generation to the King Messiah. And if not, let Ahijah the Silonite join with me and we will intercede from Abraham to the King Messiah"". Rabbi Hezekiah in the name of Rabbi Jeremiah said: "So spoke Rabbi Shimon son of Yochai: "The world is not able to stand except by thirty men righteous like Abraham our father. If thirty, I and my son are two from them. If twenty, I and my son are two from them. If ten, I and my son are two from them. If five, I and my son are two from them. If two, I and my son are they. If one, I am he"".
(ג) אֶת קַשְׁתִּי נָתַתִּי (בראשית ט, יג), קִישׁוּתִי, דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מֻקָּשׁ לִי,
אֶפְשָׁר כֵּן, אֶלָּא קַשִּׁין דְּפֵירֵי.
(בראשית ט, יד): וְהָיָה בְּעַנְנִי עָנָן עַל הָאָרֶץ, רַבִּי יוּדָן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוּדָן בַּר סִימוֹן לְאֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה בְּיָדוֹ קָלוּב רוֹתֵחַ,
בִּקֵּשׁ לִתְּנוֹ עַל בְּנוֹ וּנְתָנוֹ עַל עַבְדּוֹ.
(בראשית ט, טז): וְהָיְתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בֶּעָנָן וּרְאִיתִיהָ לִזְכֹּר בְּרִית עוֹלָם בֵּין אֱלֹקִים, זוֹ מִדַּת הַדִּין שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה, וּבֵין כָּל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה וגו',
רַבִּי יִצְחָק וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרַבִּי יוּדָן גִּיּוֹרֵי הָלְכוּ לִשְׁמֹעַ תּוֹרָה מֵרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי, אִית דְאָמְרֵי פָּרָשַׁת נְדָרִים, וְאִית דְּאָמְרֵי פָּרָשַׁת נְסָכִים, וְנָטְלוּ הֵימֶנּוּ רְשׁוּת וְהִמְתִּינוּ שָׁם עוֹד יוֹם אֶחָד, אָמְרוּ צְרִיכִים אָנוּ לִטֹּל מִמֶּנּוּ רְשׁוּת פַּעַם שֵׁנִית?
חַד מִנְהוֹן דְּרַשׁ וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן כְּבָר כְּתִיב (יהושע כב, ו): וַיְבָרְכֵם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם וַיֵּלְכוּ אֶל אָהֳלֵיהֶם, מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (יהושע כב, ז): וְגַּם כִּי שִׁלְּחָם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶל אָהֳלֵיהֶם וַיְבָרְכֵם, אֶלָּא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְכַבְּשִׁים וּמְחַלְּקִים אֶת הָאָרֶץ הָיָה שֵׁבֶט רְאוּבֵן וְגָד עִמָּהֶם וְעָשׂוּ אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה, נָטְלוּ רְשׁוּת מִן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לָלֶכֶת לְאָהֳלֵיהֶם, וְשָׁהוּ שָׁם עוֹד יָמִים אֲחֵרִים וְחָזְרוּ וְנָטְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ רְשׁוּת עוֹד פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: וְגַם כִּי שִׁלְּחָם וגו'.
אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן שֵׁבֶט רְאוּבֵן וְגָד בְּנֵי פָּמַלְיָא שֶׁל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְלִוָּה אוֹתָן עַד הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאוּ שֶׁנִּתְמַעֲטָה פָּמַלְיָא שֶׁלּוֹ חָזְרוּ וְלִוּוּ אוֹתוֹ עַד בֵּיתוֹ, הַבְּרָכָה הָאַחֲרוֹנָה הָיְתָה גְדוֹלָה מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (יהושע כב, ח): וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם לֵאמֹר בִּנְכָסִים רַבִּים שׁוּבוּ אֶל אָהֳלֵיכֶם וּבְמִקְנֶה רַב מְאֹד בְּכֶסֶף וּבְזָהָב וּבִנְחשֶׁת וּבְבַרְזֶל וּבִשְׂלָמוֹת הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד חִלְּקוּ שְׁלַל אֹיְבֵיכֶם עִם אֲחֵיכֶם.
וְאוֹחֲרָנָא דְּרַשׁ כְּבָר כְּתִיב (מלכים א ח, סו): בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי שִׁלַּח אֶת הָעָם וַיְבָרְכוּ אֶת הַמֶּלֶךְ, מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (דברי הימים ב ז, י): וּבְיוֹם עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלשָׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי שִׁלַּח אֶת הָעָם, וַיְבָרְכוּ אֶת הַמֶּלֶךְ, ?
אֶלָּא נָטְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ רְשׁוּת, וְהִמְתִּינוּ שָׁם יָמִים אֲחֵרִים וְחָזְרוּ וְנָטְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ רְשׁוּת פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: בְּיוֹם עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלשָׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה שִׁלַּח אֶת הָעָם.
אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי כְּתִיב (דברי הימים ב ז, ט): כִּי חֲנֻכַּת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ עָשׂוּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וְהֶחָג שִׁבְעַת יָמִים,
וְאֵין לְךָ שִׁבְעָה לִפְנֵי הַחַג שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם שַׁבָּת וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים?
וְאוֹתָן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים הָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹכְלִים וְשׁוֹתִים וּשְׂמֵחִים וּמַדְלִיקִין נֵרוֹת?
וּבַסּוֹף חָזְרוּ וְנִצְטַעֲרוּ עַל הַדָּבָר, אָמְרוּ תֹּאמַר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדֵינוּ עָווֹן שֶׁחִלַּלְנוּ שַׁבָּת וְלֹא הִתְעַנִּינוּ בְּיוֹם. הַכִּפּוּרִים,
וּכְדֵי לְפַיֵּסָן שֶׁרָצָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם, יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה לָהֶן כֻּלְּכֶם מִבְּנֵי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא,
וְהַבְּרָכָה אַחֲרוֹנָה הָיְתָה גְדוֹלָה מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א ח, סו): וַיֵּלְכוּ לְאָהֳלֵיהֶם שְׂמֵחִים וְטוֹבֵי לֵב,
אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק שְׂמֵחִים, שֶׁמָּצְאוּ נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם טְהוֹרוֹת,
וְטוֹבֵי לֵב, שֶׁנִּתְעַבְּרוּ זְכָרִים.
אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי יָצְאָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה לָהֶם כֻּלְּכֶם מִבְּנֵי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא.
וְאוֹחֲרָנָא דְּרַשׁ כְּבָר כְּתִיב (מלכים ב ד, ה): וַתֵּלֶךְ מֵאִתּוֹ,
מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (מלכים ב ד, ז): וַתָּבֹא וַתַּגֵּד לְאִישׁ הָאֱלֹקִים, אֶלָּא (מלכים ב ד, ו): וַיַּעֲמֹד הַשָּׁמֶן, שֶׁהֻקַּר הַשֶּׁמֶן, וּבָאת לִשְׁאֹל אִם תִּמְכֹּר אִם לֹא תִמְכֹּר.
הַבְּרָכָה הָאַחֲרוֹנָה הָיְתָה גְדוֹלָה מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, (מלכים ב ד, ז): וְאַתְּ וּבָנַיִךְ תִּחְיִי בַּנּוֹתָר, עַד שֶׁיִּחְיוּ הַמֵּתִים.
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וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה אוֹתָן שֶׁהֵן בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁל יִשּׁוּב שָׁלַח עִמָּהֶם זוּג אֶחָד שֶׁל תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים לֵידַע מָה הֵם דּוֹרְשִׁין בַּדֶּרֶךְ,
וְחַד מִנְּהוֹן דְּרַשׁ, כְּבָר כְּתִיב (שמות יד, יט): וַיִּסַּע מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹקִים הַהֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵי מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּלֶךְ מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶם,
מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (שמות יד, יט): וַיִּסַּע עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן מִפְּנֵיהֶם וַיַּעֲמֹד מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶם, אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ מִדַּת הַדִּין שֶׁהָיְתָה מְתוּחָה כְּנֶגֶד יִשְׂרָאֵל הֲפָכָהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וּמְתָחָהּ כְּנֶגֶד הַמִּצְרִים.
וְאוֹחֲרָנָא דְּרַשׁ, כְּתִיב: וְהָיְתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בֶּעָנָן וּרְאִיתִיהָ לִזְכֹּר בְּרִית עוֹלָם בֵּין אֱלֹקִים וּבֵין כָּל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה וגו',
בֵּין אֱלֹקִים זוֹ מִדַּת הַדִּין שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה,
וּבֵין כָּל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה, זוֹ מִדַּת הַדִּין שֶׁל מַטָּה,
מִדַּת הַדִּין שֶׁל מַעְלָה קָשָׁה, וּמִדַּת הַדִּין שֶׁל מַטָּה רָפָה.
וְחַד מִנְּהוֹן דְּרַשׁ, כָּתוּב אֶחָד אוֹמֵר (משלי ח, יא): וְכָל חֲפָצִים לֹא יִשְׁווּ בָהּ, וְכָתוּב אֶחָד אוֹמֵר (משלי ג, טו): וְכָל חֲפָצֶיךָ לֹא יִשְׁווּ בָהּ,
חֲפָצִים אֵלּוּ מִצְווֹת וּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים,
חֲפָצֶיךָ אֵלּוּ אֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת.
רַבִּי אַחָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי תַּנְחוּם בַּר רַבִּי חִיָּא חֲפָצַי וַחֲפָצֶיךָ לֹא יִשְׁווּ בָהּ. (ירמיה ט, כג): כִּי אִם בְּזֹאת יִתְהַלֵּל הַמִּתְהַלֵּל הַשְׂכֵּל וְיָדֹעַ אוֹתִי כִּי אֲנִי יקוק עֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד מִשְׁפָּט וגו',
אַרְטְבָן שָׁלַח לְרַבֵּנוּ מַרְגָּלִית אֲטִימִיטוֹן, אֲמַר לֵיהּ שְׁלַח לִי מִילֵי טָבָא דְּטָבָא דִּכְוָתָהּ
, שָׁלַח לֵיהּ חָדָא מְזוּזָה.
שְׁלַח וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ אֲנָא שְׁלָחִית לָךְ מִלָּה דְּלֵית לֵיהּ טִימֵי, וְאַתְּ שְׁלַחְתְּ לִי מִילֵי דְטָבָא חַד פּוֹלָר.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ חֲפָצַי וַחֲפָצֶיךָ לֹא יִשְׁווּ בָהּ,
וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שְׁלַחַתְּ מִלָּא דַּאֲנָא צָרִיךְ מִנְטַר לָהּ,
וַאֲנָא שְׁלָחִית לָךְ מִלָּא דְּאַתְּ דָּמֵיךְ וְהִיא מִנְטְרָא לָךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ו, כב): בְּהִתְהַלֶּכְךָ תַּנְחֶה אֹתָךְ, בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. בְּשָׁכְבְּךָ תִּשְׁמֹר עָלֶיךָ, בִּשְׁעַת הַמִּיתָה. וַהֲקִיצוֹתָ הִיא תְשִׂיחֶךָ, לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא.
(3) "I have set My bow [qeshet] (Genesis 9:13)": my appearance [qishuti], a thing that is similar to me. Really? Rather as straw is like grain. "When I bring clouds over the earth (Genesis 9:14)": Rabbi Yudan in the name of Rabbi Yudan son of Simon: "Like one who was holding in his hand boiling flour, he seeks to give it to his son, and his son to his servant". "When the bow is in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God (Genesis 9:15): this is the measure of judgment above, "and all living creatures, all flesh that is on earth": Rabbi Yitzchak and Rabbi Yochanan and Rabbi Yudan Giyori were walking to hear the Torah from Rabbi Shimon son of Yochai, some say on parasha Nedarim, others on parashah Nesakhim, and they received farewells but stayed there one more day, and they said "We must receive farewells a second time". One of them interpreted and said to them: "So it is written: "Then Joshua blessed them and dismissed them, and they went to their homes (Joshua 22:6)". Teaching what does it say: "Furthermore, when Joshua sent them off to their homes, he blessed them (Joshua 22:7)"? Rather at the time when Israel was conquering and dividing the land the tribe of Reuben and Gad were with them and did that for fourteen years and they received farewells from Joshua to go "to their tents". And they were there several days further and they repeated the receiving of farewells from him for a second time, and so it is said: "Furthermore, when Joshua sent them". Rabbi Yudan said: "The tribe of Reuben and Gad were the attendants of Joshua and joined with him at the Jordan, and when they saw that his attendants were lessened they returned and joined up with him until his house. The later blessing was greater than the first; see! It is written: "and said to them, “Return to your homes with great wealth—with very much livestock, with silver and gold, with copper and iron, and with a great quantity of clothing. Share the spoil of your enemies with your kinsmen (Joshua 22:8)"".
And another interpreted that thus it is written: "On the eighth day he let the people go. They bade the king good-bye (1 Kings 8:66)". Teaching what does it say: "On the twenty-third day of the seventh month he dismissed the people to their homes. They bade the king goodbye (2 Chronicles 7:10)"? Rather they received a farewell from him, and they stayed there several days afterward and they repeated the receiving of farewells a second time, and thus is it said: "On the twenty-third day of the seventh month he dismissed the people". Rabbi Levi said: "It is written: "They observed the dedication of the altar seven days, and the Feast seven days (2 Chronicles 7:9)": do you not have seven days before the festival which had among them Shabbat and Yom Kippur, and Israel was drinking, eating, rejoicing, and lighting lights for seven days? And finally they returned and felt upset about the matter. They said: "You will say that in our hands is a sin because we desecrated Shabbat and did not fast on Yom Kippur". And so to pacify them that the Holy One, blessed be He, was pleased with their deeds, he emitted a divine voice that said to them: "All of you are from the children of the World to Come", and the later blessing was greater than the first, as it is said: "and went to their homes, joyful and glad of heart (1 Kings 8:66)". Rabbi Yitzchak said: ""Joyful" because they found their wives pure, and "glad of heart" because they became pregnant with males". Rabbi Levi said: "He emitted a divine voice that said to them: "All of you are from the children of the World to Come"". And another interpreted that thus it is written: "She went away (2 Kings 4:5)". Teaching what does it say: "She came and told the man of God (2 Kings 4:7)"? Rather "and the oil stopped (2 Kings 4:6)" because the oil was more valuable, and she came to ask if she should sell or not sell. The later blessing was greater than the first: "And you and your children can live on the rest (2 Kings 4:7)": until the dead live.
And when Shimon son of Yochai saw them that they were people of refinement, he sent with them one companion of the scholars to know what they were interpreting on the road
and one of them interpreted: "As it is written: "The angel of God, who had been going ahead of the Israelite army, now moved and followed behind them (Exodus 14:19)". Teaching what does it say: "And the pillar of cloud shifted from in front of them and took up a place behind them"? Rather this is the measure of judgment because it was threatening Israel the Holy One, blessed be He, turned it around and it threatened the Egyptians".
And another interpreted: "It is written: "When the bow is in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and all living creatures, all flesh that is on earth (Genesis 9:15): "between God": this is the measure of judgment above, "and all living creatures, all flesh that is on earth": this is the measure of judgment below. The measure of judgment about is hard, and the measure of judgment below is bendable". And one from them interpreted: "Wisdom is better than rubies; no goods can equal her (Proverbs 8:11)" and in another place it says: "She is more precious than rubies; all of your goods cannot equal her (Proverbs 3:15)". "Your goods": these are the commandments and good deeds. "Your goods": these are gemstones and pearls". Rabbi Acha in the name of Rabbi Tanchuma son of Rabbi Chiyya: "My goods and your goods cannot equal her "For only in this should one glory: In his earnest devotion to Me. For I Hashem act with kindness, Justice, and equity in the world; For in these I delight —declares the Hashem (Jeremiah 9:23)".
The Parthian King Artaban sent to Rabbi Judah a priceless pearl and he said to him: "Send to me something of a value like the value of this". So Rabbi sent to him a mezuzah. He sent and said to him: "I sent to you an item of great value and you sent to me an item whose value is one polar!" He said to him: "My goods and your goods cannot equal her". And further you sent me something that it is necessary for me to protect, but I sent you something which is full of knowledge and will protect you, as it is said: "When you walk it will lead you; When you lie down it will watch over you; And when you are awake it will talk with you (Proverbs 6:22)": "When you walk it will lead you" in this world. "When you lie down it will watch over you": in the time of death. "And when you are awake it will talk with you": in the future to come".