Swimming in the Sea of Talmud: 11. Dignity and Necessity (extra sources)

הָעוֹמְדִים בַּשּׁוּרָה וְכוּ׳. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: שׁוּרָה הָרוֹאָה פְּנִימָה — פְּטוּרָה, וְשֶׁאֵינָהּ רוֹאָה פְּנִימָה — חַיֶּיבֶת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הָאָבֵל — פְּטוּרִין, מֵחֲמַת עַצְמָן — חַיָּיבִין. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: הַמּוֹצֵא כִּלְאַיִם בְּבִגְדוֹ — פּוֹשְׁטָן אֲפִילּוּ בַּשּׁוּק. מַאי טַעְמָא: ״אֵין חׇכְמָה וְאֵין תְּבוּנָה וְאֵין עֵצָה לְנֶגֶד ה׳״, כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ חִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם אֵין חוֹלְקִין כָּבוֹד לָרַב. מֵתִיבִי: קָבְרוּ אֶת הַמֵּת וְחָזְרוּ, וְלִפְנֵיהֶם שְׁתֵּי דְרָכִים, אַחַת טְהוֹרָה וְאַחַת טְמֵאָה, בָּא בַּטְּהוֹרָה — בָּאִין עִמּוֹ בַּטְּהוֹרָה, בָּא בַּטְּמֵאָה — בָּאִין עִמּוֹ בַּטְּמֵאָה מִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹדוֹ. אַמַּאי? לֵימָא ״אֵין חׇכְמָה וְאֵין תְּבוּנָה לְנֶגֶד ה׳״!

תַּרְגְּמַהּ רַבִּי אַבָּא בְּבֵית הַפְּרָס דְּרַבָּנַן...

Berakhot 19b:1-4

"those standing in the row". The Rabbis taught: A row from which one sees inside is exempt, from which one does not see inside is obligated. Rabbi Yehudah says: Those who come on account of the bereaved are exempt, those on account of themselves are obligated. Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: One who discovers kilayim in his garment must remove them even in the marketplace. What is the reason? As it is stated: “There is neither wisdom, nor understanding, nor counsel against Hashem” (Proverbs 21:30). Anywhere that there is desecration of Hashem's name, one does not show respect to the teacher. They raised an objection: They buried the deceased and returned, and there are two paths before them, one ritually pure and one ritually impure. He goes on the ritually pure one - they go with him on the ritually pure one. He goes on the ritually impure one - they go with him on the ritually impure one out of respect to him. Why? Let us say, “There is neither wisdom, nor understanding, nor counsel against Hashem.”

Rabbi Abba explained it as a bet peras which is rabbinic...

ברכות י״ט ב:ה׳-ח׳

תָּא שְׁמַע דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר צָדוֹק: מְדַלְּגִין הָיִינוּ עַל גַּבֵּי אֲרוֹנוֹת שֶׁל מֵתִים, לִקְרַאת מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְלֹא לִקְרַאת מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּלְבַד אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא אֲפִילּוּ לִקְרַאת מַלְכֵי אוּמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁאִם יִזְכֶּה, יַבְחִין בֵּין מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַלְכֵי אוּמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. אַמַּאי? לֵימָא ״אֵין חׇכְמָה וְאֵין תְּבוּנָה וְאֵין עֵצָה לְנֶגֶד ה׳״! כִּדְרָבָא. דְּאָמַר רָבָא: דְּבַר תּוֹרָה, אֹהֶל, כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ חָלָל טֶפַח — חוֹצֵץ בִּפְנֵי הַטּוּמְאָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בּוֹ חָלָל טֶפַח — אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ בִּפְנֵי הַטּוּמְאָה. וְרוֹב אֲרוֹנוֹת יֵשׁ בָּהֶן חָלָל טֶפַח. וְגָזְרוּ עַל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן. וּמִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹד מְלָכִים לָא גְזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן.

Berakhot 19b:5-8

Come hear that Rabbi El'azar bar Tzadok said: We would jump over coffins of the deceased towards kings of Israel. And they did not say this only towards kings of Israel, but even towards kings of the nations of the world, so that if one will merit one will be able to distinguish between the kings of Israel and the kings of the nations of the world. Why? Let us say, “There is neither wisdom, nor understanding, nor counsel against Hashem.” It is according to Rava, for Rava said: It is a Torah law that any tent that has a handbreadth of space - it constitutes a barrier before the ritual impurity. And that does not have the space of a handbreadth - it does not constitute a barrier before the ritual impurity. And most coffins have the space of a handbreadth. And they decreed in the case of those that do for the sake of those that do not. And out of respect for kings, the rabbis did not decree on them.

ברכות י״ט ב:ט׳-י״א

תָּא שְׁמַע: גָּדוֹל כְּבוֹד הַבְּרִיּוֹת שֶׁדּוֹחֶה [אֶת] לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה. וְאַמַּאי? לֵימָא ״אֵין חׇכְמָה וְאֵין תְּבוּנָה וְאֵין עֵצָה לְנֶגֶד ה׳״! תַּרְגְּמַהּ רַב בַּר שְׁבָא קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב כָּהֲנָא בְּלָאו דְּ״לֹא תָסוּר״. אֲחִיכוּ עֲלֵיהּ, לָאו דְּ״לֹא תָסוּר״ דְאוֹרָיְיתָא הִיא?! אָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא: גַּבְרָא רַבָּה אָמַר מִילְּתָא, לָא תְּחִיכוּ עֲלֵיהּ. כׇּל מִילֵּי דְרַבָּנַן אַסְמְכִינְהוּ עַל לָאו דְּ״לֹא תָסוּר״, וּמִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹדוֹ שְׁרוֹ רַבָּנַן.

Berakhot 19b:9-11

Come hear: Great is human dignity, as it overrides a prohibition in the Torah. Why? Let us say, “There is neither wisdom, nor understanding, nor counsel against Hashem.” Rav bar Shaba interpreted this it before Rav Kahana regarding the "no" of “you shall not deviate..." (Deuteronomy 17:11). They laughed at him: The "no" of "you shall not deviate" is biblical! Rav Kahana said: A great man has spoken. Do not laugh at him. All rabbinic matters they based on the "no" of “you shall not deviate”, and for the sake of one's dignity the Rabbis permitted.

יורה דעה ש״ג:א׳

(א) שמותר לפשוט כלאים מחבירו אפילו בשוק. ובו ב' סעיפים:
הרואה כלאים של תורה על חבירו אפילו היה מהלך בשוק קופץ לו וקורעו מעליו מיד ואפילו היה רבו (וי"א דאם היה הלובש שוגג אין צ"ל לו בשוק דמשום כבוד הבריות ישתוק ואל יפרישנו משוגג) (טור בשם הרא"ש) ואם היה של דבריהם אינו קורעו מעליו ואינו פושטו בשוק עד שמגיע לביתו (וכן בבית המדרש אין צריך למהר לצאת) (טור) ואם היה של תורה פושטו מיד:

Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 303:1

...

תמורה י״ד ב:ב׳-ה׳

והא אמר רבי אבא בריה דרבי חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן כותבי הלכות כשורף התורה והלמד מהן אינו נוטל שכר דרש ר' יהודה בר נחמני מתורגמניה דר"ל כתוב אחד אומר (שמות לד, כז) כתוב לך את הדברים האלה וכתוב אחד אומר (שמות לד, כז) כי על פי הדברים האלה לומר לך דברים שעל פה אי אתה רשאי לאומרן בכתב ושבכתב אי אתה רשאי לאומרן על פה ותנא דבי רבי ישמעאל כתוב לך את הדברים האלה אלה אתה כותב אבל אין אתה כותב הלכות אמרי דלמא מילתא חדתא שאני דהא רבי יוחנן ור"ל מעייני בסיפרא דאגדתא בשבתא ודרשי הכי (תהלים קיט, קכו) עת לעשות לה' הפרו תורתך אמרי מוטב תיעקר תורה ואל תשתכח תורה מישראל

Temurah 14b:2-5

Behold Rabbi Abba, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba, said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Those who write halakhot are like those who burn the Torah, and one who learns from them does not receive reward. Rabbi Yehuda bar Naḥmani, the disseminator for Resh Lakish, expounded: One verse says, “Write for yourself these words...” and one verse says, “For by the mouth of these words...” (Exodus 34:27). To say to you: Words that were oral you may not recite in writing, and that are written you may not recite orally. The school of Rabbi Yishma'el taught: "Write for yourself these words..." - “these” you write but you do not write halakhot. They said: Perhaps it is different with a new matter, for behold Rabbi Yoḥanan and Resh Lakish were reading from a scroll of aggada on Shabbat and they expounded this: “At a time to act for Hashem, violate your Torah” (Psalms 119:126). They said: Better to uproot Torah than that Torah be forgotten from Israel.

תהילים קי״ט:א׳

(א) אַשְׁרֵ֥י תְמִֽימֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ הַֽ֝הֹלְכִ֗ים בְּתוֹרַ֥ת ה'׃

Psalms 119:1

(1) Happy are those whose way is blameless, who follow the teaching/Torah of Hashem.

תהילים קי״ט:קכ״א-קכ״ו

(קכא) עָ֭שִׂיתִי מִשְׁפָּ֣ט וָצֶ֑דֶק בַּל־תַּ֝נִּיחֵ֗נִי לְעֹֽשְׁקָֽי׃ (קכב) עֲרֹ֣ב עַבְדְּךָ֣ לְט֑וֹב אַֽל־יַעַשְׁקֻ֥נִי זֵדִֽים׃ (קכג) עֵ֭ינַי כָּל֣וּ לִֽישׁוּעָתֶ֑ךָ וּלְאִמְרַ֥ת צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ (קכד) עֲשֵׂ֖ה עִם־עַבְדְּךָ֥ כְחַסְדֶּ֗ךָ וְחֻקֶּ֥יךָ לַמְּדֵֽנִי׃ (קכה) עַבְדְּךָ־אָ֥נִי הֲבִינֵ֑נִי וְ֝אֵדְעָ֗ה עֵדֹתֶֽיךָ׃ (קכו) עֵ֭ת לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לַה' הֵ֝פֵ֗רוּ תּוֹרָתֶֽךָ׃

Psalms 119:121-126

(121) I have done what is just and right; do not abandon me to those who would wrong me. (122) Guarantee Your servant’s well-being; do not let the arrogant wrong me. (123) My eyes pine away for Your deliverance, for Your promise of victory. (124) Deal with Your servant as befits Your steadfast love; teach me Your laws. (125) I am Your servant; give me understanding, that I might know Your decrees. (126) It is a time to act for Hashem, for they have violated Your teaching/Torah.

מועד קטן י״ג ב:ט״ו-ט״ז

מתני׳ ואלו מגלחין במועד הבא ממדינת הים ומבית השביה והיוצא מבית האסורין והמנודה שהתירו לו חכמים וכן מי שנשאל לחכם והותר והנזיר והמצורע מטומאתו לטהרתו ואלו מכבסין במועד הבא ממדינת הים ומבית השביה והיוצא מבית האסורין

Moed Katan 13b:15-16

MISHNA: And these may shave and cut their hair on the intermediate days of a Festival: One who comes from a country overseas; and one who is released from a house of captivity; and one who comes out of prison on the intermediate days of a Festival; and one who had been ostracized and therefore prohibited from cutting his hair, and the Sages released him from his decree of ostracism on the intermediate days of the Festival; and similarly, one who had vowed not to cut his hair and then requested of a Sage to dissolve his vow and was released from it on the intermediate days of the Festival; and the nazirite whose term of naziriteship ended on the intermediate days of a Festival; and the leper who needs to purify himself on the intermediate days and must shave his entire body in order to leave his state of ritual impurity and regain his ritual purity. Since these people were not able to cut their hair on the eve of the Festival, they are permitted to do so on the intermediate days of the Festival. And these may launder their clothes on the intermediate days of a Festival: One who comes from a country overseas; and one who is released from a house of captivity; and one who comes out of prison on the intermediate days of a Festival;

מועד קטן י״ד א:א׳-ט׳

ומנודה שהתירו לו חכמים וכן מי שנשאל לחכם והותר מטפחות הידים ומטפחות הספרים ומטפחות הספג הזבין והזבות והנדות והיולדות וכל העולין מטומאה לטהרה הרי אלו מותרין ושאר כל אדם אסורין: גמ׳ ושאר כל אדם מאי טעמא אסורין כדתנן אנשי משמר ואנשי מעמד אסורין לספר ולכבס ובחמישי מותרין מפני כבוד השבת ואמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר ר' אלעזר מ"ט כדי שלא יכנסו למשמרתן כשהן מנוולין הכא נמי כדי שלא יכנסו לרגל כשהן מנוולין בעי ר' זירא אבדה לו אבידה ערב הרגל כיון דאניס מותר או דלמא כיון דלא מוכחא מילתא לא אמר אביי יאמרו כל הסריקין אסורין סריקי בייתוס מותרין ולטעמיך הא דאמר רבי אסי אמר רבי יוחנן כל מי שאין לו אלא חלוק אחד מותר לכבסו בחולו של מועד התם נמי יאמרו כל הסריקין אסורין סריקי בייתוס מותרין הא אתמר עלה אמר מר בר רב אשי איזורו מוכיח עליו

Moed Katan 14a:1-9

and one who had been ostracized and the Sages released him from his decree of ostracism; and similarly, one who had vowed not to launder his clothes and he requested from a Sage to dissolve his vow and was released from it on the intermediate days of a Festival. Hand towels; and barbers’ towels, which are used to cover a person having a haircut; and body-drying towels, all of which get quickly soiled, may be laundered on the intermediate days of a Festival. Zavim, men suffering from an impure venereal emission; zavot, women who experience a flow of menstrual-type blood on three consecutive days during a time of the month when they do not expect to experience menstrual bleeding; menstruating women; women who have just given birth; and all others who leave a state of ritual impurity for a state of ritual purity on the intermediate days of the Festival, these people are all permitted to launder their clothes in order to purify themselves. But all other people are prohibited from laundering during the intermediate days of the Festival. GEMARA: The Gemara asks: What is the reason that all other people are prohibited from performing these actions during the intermediate days? Why are these actions not included in the category of actions that are permitted in deference to the Festival? The Gemara answers: As we learned in a mishna (Taanit 15b): Both the members of the priestly watch whose week it is to serve in the Temple and the members of the non-priestly watch who accompanied the members of the watch to Jerusalem are prohibited from cutting their hair or laundering their clothes during that week. But on the Thursday of that week they are permitted to do so in deference to Shabbat. And Rabba bar bar Ḥana said in the name of Rabbi Elazar: What is the reason that the members of the priestly and non-priestly watch are prohibited from cutting their hair and laundering their clothes? It is in order that they not enter their watch when they are untidy. If it were permitted for them to cut their hair and launder their clothes during the week of their watch, they would leave their haircuts and laundry until the middle of that week and begin their service in a disorderly state. Here, too, ordinary people are prohibited from cutting their hair or laundering their clothes on the intermediate days of a Festival, in order that they complete all necessary preparations beforehand and not enter the Festival when they are untidy. Rabbi Zeira asks: If one lost an item on the eve of a Festival and he was busy searching for it and had no time to cut his hair or launder his clothes before the Festival commenced, can one say that since he was a victim of circumstances beyond his control, which prevented from taking care of these matters prior to the Festival, he is permitted to cut his hair and launder his clothes on the intermediate days of the Festival? Or perhaps since it is not clearly evident to others that he failed to cut his hair or launder his clothes due to unavoidable circumstances, he is not permitted to perform these actions during the Festival week. Abaye said, in answer to this question, that there is a principle of the Sages that applies here. They prohibited the baking of decorated Syrian cakes for Passover, lest people tarry in their preparation of these elaborate cakes and the cakes become leavened. When Baitos ben Zunen, wished to prepare the cakes in a way that would not lead to a violation of any prohibition, the Sages nevertheless prohibited it. They explained that were they to permit him to do so, others would say: All the decorated Syrian cakes are forbidden, but the Syrian cakes of Baitos are permitted? This teaches that the Sages do not permit exceptions when the reason for leniency is not clearly evident, like in the case of one who was busy looking for a lost item. Rabbi Zeira retorted: And according to your reasoning, that which Rabbi Asi said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Anyone who has only one shirt is permitted to launder it on the intermediate days of a Festival, there too, one should apply the principle that others will say: All the decorated Syrian cakes are forbidden but the Syrian cakes of Baitos are permitted. There, too, it is not clearly evident that the reason for leniency is that one has only one shirt. The Gemara rejects this argument: Wasn’t it already said about this that Mar, son of Rav Ashi, said: His belt is proof for him, as when he launders his only shirt he will have to wear his outer garment tied with his belt so that his body is not exposed, and everyone will understand that he has no other shirt to wear.

כתובות ס. היה אמור להיות המקור הראשון אך הוא היה מבלבל וכן מזלזל בנשים.