(30) Thus the LORD delivered Israel that day from the Egyptians. Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the shore of the sea. (31) And when Israel saw the wondrous power which the LORD had wielded against the Egyptians, the people feared the LORD; they had faith in the LORD and His servant Moses. (1) Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song to the LORD. They said: I will sing to the LORD, for He has triumphed gloriously; Horse and driver He has hurled into the sea. (2) The LORD is my strength and might; He is become my deliverance. This is my God and I will enshrine Him; The God of my father, and I will exalt Him. (3) The LORD is a Man of War— LORD is His name!
את היד הגדלה denotes THE GREAT power which the HAND of the Holy One, blessed be He, had exercised. There are many meanings that are appropriate to the expression יד, hand, but all of them really signify the actual hand, and he who is explaining it must adapt the language according to the meaning of the passage.
וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמִּתְעַבְּרוֹת בָּאוֹת לְבָתֵּיהֶן, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ זְמַן מוֹלִידֵיהֶם, הוֹלְכוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת בַּשָֹּׂדֶה תַּחַת הַתַּפּוּחַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ח, ה): תַּחַת הַתַּפּוּחַ עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ. וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שׁוֹלֵחַ מַלְאָךְ מִשְׁמֵי מָרוֹם, וּמְנַקֶּה אוֹתָם וּמְשַׁפֵּר אוֹתָם, כְּחַיָּה זוֹ שֶׁמְשַׁפֶּרֶת אֶת הַוָּלָד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל טז, ד): וּמוֹלְדוֹתַיִךְ בְּיוֹם הוּלֶּדֶת אוֹתָךְ וגו'. וּמְנַקֵט לָהֶם שְׁנֵי עִגּוּלִין, אֶחָד שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן וְאֶחָד שֶׁל דְּבַשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לב, יג): וַיְנִקֵהוּ דְבַשׁ מִסֶּלַע וגו'. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמַּכִּירִין בָּהֶם הַמִּצְרִיִּים רָצוּ לְהָרְגָם, וְנַעֲשָׂה לָהֶן נֵס וְנִבְלָעִין בַּקַּרְקַע, וּמְבִיאִין שְׁוָורִים וְחוֹרְשִׁין עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קכט, ג): עַל גַבִּי חָרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים. וּלְאַחַר שֶׁהוֹלְכִין מְבַצְבְּצִין וְיוֹצְאִין כְּעֵשֶׂב הַשָֹּׂדֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל טז, ז): רְבָבָה כְּצֶמַח הַשָֹּׂדֶה נְתַתִּיךְ וגו'. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמִּתְגַּדְּלִין בָּאִין עֲדָרִים עֲדָרִים לְבָתֵּיהֶם...וּכְשֶׁנִּגְלָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל הַיָּם, הֵם הִכִּירוּהוּ תְּחִלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות טו, ב): זֶה אֵלִי וְאַנְוֵהוּ,
...and when the Israelite women conceived, they would return to their homes. When they were about to go into labor, the women would go out into the fields and give birth in the apple orchards, as it is written: "I woke you under the apple [tree]" (Shir haShirim 8:5). And the Lord Blessed be He would send an angel from the heavens who cleaned them and made them beautiful, just as a new mother grooms her infant, as it is written: "And as for your birth, on the day you were born..." (Ezekiel 16:4), and He grants them two round cakes, one of oil and the other of honey, as it is written: "And He [G!d] suckled Him [The Children of Israel] with honey from the rock..." (Deuteronomy 32:13). And as soon as the Egyptians would become aware of this, they sought to kill them. And a miracle happened, and the children were swallowed up by the earth, and bulls would come and plow the ground above them, as it is written: "Upon my back the plowers plowed" (Psalms 129:3). And once the Egyptians would pass, the infants would rise up from the mud like grass from the field, as it is written: "I have made you grow like the grass in the field..." (Ezekiel 16:7) And when the babes grew, they would flock to their homes in great droves...And when the Lord Blessed be He revealed Himself at the Sea of Reeds, they were the first to recognize Him instantly, as it says: "THIS is my God, and I will praise Him." (Exodus 15:2).
(ב) זה אלי, ר' אליעזר אומר מנין אתה אומר שראתה שפחה על הים מה שלא ראו ישעיה ויחזקאל שנ' וביד הנביאים אדמה (הושע יב) וכתיב נפתחו השמים ואראה מראות אלקים (יחזקאל א). משל למלך בשר ודם שנכנס למדינה ועליו צפירה מקיפתו וגבורים מימינו ומשמאלו וחיילות מלפניו ומלאחריו והיו הכל שואלין אי זהו המלך מפני שהוא בשר ודם כמותם אבל כשנגלה הקב"ה על הים לא הוצרך אחד מהם לשאול אי זהו המלך אלא כיון שראוהו הכירוהו פתחו כולן פיהן ואמרו זה אלי ואנוהו וגו'.
(2) "This is my G d and I will extol Him": R. Eliezer says: From where do you say that a maid-servant saw at the Red Sea what was not seen by Ezekiel and the other prophets, of whom it is written (Hoshea 12:11) "And to the prophets I appeared (in various) guises," and (Ezekiel 1:1) "The heavens opened and I saw visions of G d"? An analogy: A king of flesh and blood comes to a province, a circle of guards around him, warriors at his right and at his left, armies before him and behind him — and all asking "Who is the king?" For he is flesh and blood as they are. But when the Holy One was revealed at the sea, there was no need for anyone to ask "Who is the King?" For when they saw Him, they knew Him, and they all opened and said "This is my God, and I will extol Him"
זה אלי ואנוהו...ודרשו רבותינו זה אלי מלמד שראתה שפחה על הים מה שלא ראו הנביאים שהיו מראים אותו באצבע. ולפי הפשט שייך לומר זה אפילו על דבר שאינו נראה כמו כי זה משה האיש:
זה א-לי ואנוהו...Our sages teach that maid-servants saw at the Red Sea what was not seen by Ezekiel and the other prophets, this is like seeing the finger of a person as opposed to seeing the whole person. According to the plain meaning of the text it is perfectly in order to use the descriptive word זה for something inherently invisible, just as the people who demanded from Aaron that he make them a visible image for “this man Moses, etc.” when Moses was presumed to have died on Mount Sinai and was quite invisible. (Exodus 32,1)
“In full assemblies, bless God, the Lord, you that are from the source of Israel” (Psalms 68:27), indicating that even children that are in the “source,” i.e., their mother’s womb, blessed God when they gathered at the sea. The Gemara asks: But the fetuses could not see, so how could they have honestly said: “This is my God and I will glorify him”? Rabbi Tanḥum says: Their mother’s stomach was transformed for them like luminous crystal [aspaklarya], and they saw through it.
The Gemara resolves the first contradiction: “I saw the Lord” is to be understood as it is taught in a baraita: All of the prophets observed their prophecies through an obscure looking glass [aspaklaria], i.e., their prophecies were given as metaphoric visions but were not a direct perception of the matter. However, Moses our master observed his prophecies through a clear (or luminous) looking glass, i.e., he gained a direct and accurate perception of the matter.