Jill Hammer: The Jewish Book of Days: A Companion for All Seasons.
“Gevurah and binah are represented by fire, and within the sweeping waters of the season is a spark of fire: the Festival of Lights, or Hanukkah. At the end of Kislev, close to the winter solstice, we light candles for eight days: one on the first night and an additional candle on each successive night. The increasing light reminds us of the sun's light, which grows as the winter passes. Hanukkah reflects both faces of gevurah: the strength of the Jewish people in the time of the Maccabees and the harshness of civil war, which we also remember during Hanukkah. On Hanukkah the roots of the season become branches, torches of fire to light our way into the next season, when the light will grow and we will begin the ascent into spring.” --pg 76
“In Kislev, the darkest month, a sliver of moon appears like a dusting of snow. In ancient times, the Rabbinic court of Jerusalem would send messengers to announce the coming of the new moon on six months of the year: Kislev, Adar, Nisan, Av, Elul, and Iyar, to remind the people of upcoming holidays. The new moon of Kislev was the first of these occasions, and it heralded the coming of Hanukkah.
Once the new moon was announced, bonfires were lit in the hills above Jerusalem. Far-flung communities would see the bonfires and light their own, until all the Jewish communities knew that the new moon had come. As stars help a ship locate itself on the sea, the bonfires helped Jews locate themselves in time, joining them to the root consciousness of their people.
According to Rabbi Judah, the 1st of Kislev is the first day of winter in Israel (Babylonian Talmud, Bava Metzi'a 106b). We are close now to the darkest days of the year, and the new moon bonfires remind us of the Hanukkah candles growing each night. The flames teach that when the moon is dark, we can expect its face to shine again, and when the sunlight is dimming, soon it will begin to grow again. This is true also for us: The quiet of introspection can and should lead to outward action in the world.” --pg 93
(15) And God said to Abraham, “As for your wife Sarai, you shall not call her Sarai, but her name shall be Sarah. (16) I will bless her; indeed, I will give you a son by her. I will bless her so that she shall give rise to nations; rulers of peoples shall issue from her.” (17) Abraham threw himself on his face and laughed, as he said to himself, “Can a child be born to a man a hundred years old, or can Sarah bear a child at ninety?” (18) And Abraham said to God, “O that Ishmael might live by Your favor!” (19) God said, “Nevertheless, Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall name him Isaac; and I will maintain My covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring to come.
(10) Then one said, “I will return to you next year, and your wife Sarah shall have a son!” Sarah was listening at the entrance of the tent, which was behind him. (11) Now Abraham and Sarah were old, advanced in years; Sarah had stopped having the periods of women. (12) And Sarah laughed to herself, saying, “Now that I am withered, am I to have enjoyment—with my husband so old?” (13) Then the LORD said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh, saying, ‘Shall I in truth bear a child, old as I am?’ (14) Is anything too wondrous for the LORD? I will return to you at the same season next year, and Sarah shall have a son.” (15) Sarah lied, saying, “I did not laugh,” for she was frightened. But He replied, “You did laugh.”
(טז) וְהַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ טֹבַ֤ת מַרְאֶה֙ מְאֹ֔ד בְּתוּלָ֕ה וְאִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א יְדָעָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד הָעַ֔יְנָה וַתְּמַלֵּ֥א כַדָּ֖הּ וַתָּֽעַל׃ (יז) וַיָּ֥רָץ הָעֶ֖בֶד לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הַגְמִיאִ֥ינִי נָ֛א מְעַט־מַ֖יִם מִכַּדֵּֽךְ׃ (יח) וַתֹּ֖אמֶר שְׁתֵ֣ה אֲדֹנִ֑י וַתְּמַהֵ֗ר וַתֹּ֧רֶד כַּדָּ֛הּ עַל־יָדָ֖הּ וַתַּשְׁקֵֽהוּ׃ (יט) וַתְּכַ֖ל לְהַשְׁקֹת֑וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר גַּ֤ם לִגְמַלֶּ֙יךָ֙ אֶשְׁאָ֔ב עַ֥ד אִם־כִּלּ֖וּ לִשְׁתֹּֽת׃ (כ) וַתְּמַהֵ֗ר וַתְּעַ֤ר כַּדָּהּ֙ אֶל־הַשֹּׁ֔קֶת וַתָּ֥רָץ ע֛וֹד אֶֽל־הַבְּאֵ֖ר לִשְׁאֹ֑ב וַתִּשְׁאַ֖ב לְכָל־גְּמַלָּֽיו׃
(16) The maiden was very beautiful, a virgin whom no man had known. She went down to the spring, filled her jar, and came up. (17) The servant ran toward her and said, “Please, let me sip a little water from your jar.” (18) “Drink, my lord,” she said, and she quickly lowered her jar upon her hand and let him drink. (19) When she had let him drink his fill, she said, “I will also draw for your camels, until they finish drinking.” (20) Quickly emptying her jar into the trough, she ran back to the well to draw, and she drew for all his camels.
(21) Isaac pleaded with the LORD on behalf of his wife, because she was barren; and the LORD responded to his plea, and his wife Rebekah conceived. (22) But the children struggled in her womb, and she said, “If so, why do I exist?” She went to inquire of the LORD, (23) and the LORD answered her, “Two nations are in your womb, Two separate peoples shall issue from your body; One people shall be mightier than the other, And the older shall serve the younger.” (24) When her time to give birth was at hand, there were twins in her womb.
(25) The first one emerged red, like a hairy mantle all over; so they named him Esau. (26) Then his brother emerged, holding on to the heel of Esau; so they named him Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old when they were born.
(29) Once when Jacob was cooking a stew, Esau came in from the open, famished. (30) And Esau said to Jacob, “Give me some of that red stuff to gulp down, for I am famished”—which is why he was named Edom. (31) Jacob said, “First sell me your birthright.” (32) And Esau said, “I am at the point of death, so of what use is my birthright to me?” (33) But Jacob said, “Swear to me first.” So he swore to him, and sold his birthright to Jacob. (34) Jacob then gave Esau bread and lentil stew; he ate and drank, and he rose and went away. Thus did Esau spurn the birthright.
(32) His father Isaac said to him, “Who are you?” And he said, “I am your son, Esau, your first-born!” (33) Isaac was seized with very violent trembling. “Who was it then,” he demanded, “that hunted game and brought it to me? Moreover, I ate of it before you came, and I blessed him; now he must remain blessed!” (34) When Esau heard his father’s words, he burst into wild and bitter sobbing, and said to his father, “Bless me too, Father!” (35) But he answered, “Your brother came with guile and took away your blessing.” (36) [Esau] said, “Was he, then, named Jacob that he might supplant me these two times? First he took away my birthright and now he has taken away my blessing!” And he added, “Have you not reserved a blessing for me?”
(א) ויהי באישון לילה ויפנו עבדיו איש איש לאוהלו ולחדר משכבו:
(ב) כי עייפים היו מרוב המשתה ובגוא סגר את הדלת מאחריו ויצא:
(ג) ותישאר יהודית לבדה באוהל עם הלופרנש והוא שכור מיין וייפול על מיטתו ויירדם:
(ד) ותאמר אל אמתה שבי לך פה מחוץ לאוהל עד בואי אליך לצאת ולהתפלל כאשר הסכנתי לעשות:
(ה) וגם לבגוא אמרה כי תצא גם הלילה:
(ו) ויהי כי יצאו כולם ולא נשאר איש באוהל למקטון ועד גדול ותיגש אל המיטה אשר הוא שכב עליה ותתפלל בלבה ותאמר:
(ז) אל אלוהים אשר בידך הכוח והגבורה הבט נא וראה את מעשה ידי שפחתך להרים קרן ירושלים:
(ח) הנה קרבה עת פדות עם נחלתך כי תושיעני ימינך לתת נקמה בגוים אשר קמו עלינו:
(ט) ותיגש אל העמוד אשר בראש המיטה ותיקח את חרב הלופרנש מעליו:
(י) ותשלח את ידה ותיקחהו בציצית ראשו ותאמר יי אלוהים חזקני נא ואמצני אך הפעם:
(יא) ותך בחוזקה פעמים על צווארו ותכרות את ראשו ותגל נבלתו מעל המיטה ותיקח היריעה מעל העמוד ותצא:
(יב) ותיתן את ראש הלופרנש לאמתה ותצווה לתתו אל השק:
(יג) ותצאן שתיהן מן המחנה כדרכן לצאת להתפלל ותעבורנה את הערבה ותעלינה ההרה ותבאנה לפני שערי בתול:
(יד) ותקרא יהודית מרחוק אל שומרי השער לאמור:
(טו) פתחו לי את השער כי יי אלוהינו אתנו להראות לישראל את ידו ולצריו את זרועו כאשר החל לעשת ביום הזה:
(טז) ויהי כשמוע אנשי העיר את קולה וינהרו אל פתח השער ויקראו לזקני העיר:
(יז) וקטן וגדול התאספו לראותה כי כפלא הייתה בעיניהם ויפתחו את השער ויאספוה העירה:
(יח) וידליקו אש להאיר וכל העם הקיפו אותה מסביב:
(יט) ותישא יהודית את קולה ותאמר:
(כ) הודו ליי והללו לשמו כי לא הסיר חסדו מעל בית ישראל ומחץ פאת צרינו בידי הלילה:
(כא) ותיקח את ראש הלופרנש מן השק ותראהו את העם ותאמר:
(כב) הנה זה ראש הלופרנש זר צבא אשור וזאת היריעה אשר שכב אחריה והוא שכור וביד אישה הרגו אלוהים:
(כג) חי יי אשר הצליח דרכי כי רק במראי הטיתי את לבבו וידו לא נגעה בי לרעה:
(כד) ויחרד כל העם על המראה ויקדו וישתחוו ליי:
(כה) ויאמרו ברוך יי אשר מגן צרנו בידנו כיום הזה:
(כו) ועוזיה אמר אל יהודית ברוכה את בתי ליי אל עליון וברוך טעמך מכל בנות הארץ:
(כז) ברוך יי אלוהים עושה שמים וארץ אשר ידו הייתה אתך לכרות ראש שונאנו:
(כח) לא ישכח חסדך לנצח מלבב כל המהללים חסדי יי:
(כט) ויי יזכור אותך לטובה כי בנפשך פדית את עמו מיד מבקשי נפשם ולבבך תמים עם יי:
(ל) ויאמר כל העם אמן ואמן:
(1) Now when evening had arrived, his servants hurried to depart, and Bagoas shut his tent from the outside and dismissed the waiters from the presence of his lord; and they went to their beds,
(2) for they were all weary because the feast had been long.
(3) And Judith was left alone in the tent with Holofernes lying by himself on his bed, for he was filled with wine.
(4) Now Judith had commanded her maid to stand outside her bedroom and to wait for her to go forth, as she did daily; for she said she would go forth to her prayers,
(5) and she spoke to Bagoas towards the same purpose.
(6) So everyone left and no one was left in the bedroom, neither little nor great. Then Judith, standing by his bed, said in her heart:
(7) "O Lord God of all power, look at this time upon the works of my hands for the exaltation of Jerusalem.
(8) For now is the time to help your inheritance and to execute your purposes for the destruction of the enemies who have risen against us."
(9) Then she went to the pillar of the bed, which was at Holofernes' head, and took down his broadsword from there.
(10) And she approached his bed, and took hold of the hair of his head, and said, "Strengthen me, O Lord God of Israel, this day."
(11) And she twice struck his neck with all her might, and she took his head away from him. And she tumbled his body down from the bed, and pulled down the canopy from the pillars; and, soon after, she went out
(12) and gave the head of Holofernes to her maid. And she put it in her bag of meat,
(13) so these two went together, according to their custom, to prayer; and when they passed the camp, they circled the valley and went up the mountain of Bethulia and came to its gates.
(14) Then Judith said, from far off to the watchmen at the gate,
(15) "Open, open the gate now! God, our God, is with us to show his power yet in Jerusalem and his forces against the enemy, as he has truly done on this day!"
(16) Now when the men of her city heard her voice, they hurried down to the gate of their city and they called the elders of the city.
(17) And then they ran all together, both small and great, for it was surprising to them that she had returned. So they opened the gate and received them;
(18) and they made a fire for a light, and they stood all around them.
(19) Then she said to them with a loud voice,
(20) "Praise, praise God, praise God, I say, for he has not taken away his mercy from the house of Israel, but has destroyed our enemies by my hands this night."
(21) So she took the head out of the bag and showed it and said to them,
(22) "Behold the head of Holofernes, the chief captain of the army of Assur, and behold the canopy where he had lain in his drunkenness; and the Lord has struck him by the hand of a woman.
(23) As the Lord lives, who has preserved me in the path that I took, my attractiveness has deceived him to his destruction, and yet he did not commit sin with me, to defile and shame me."
(24) Then all the people were wonderfully astonished, and bowed themselves and worshipped God,
(25) and said with one accord, "Blessed are you, O our God, who has this day brought to nothing the enemies of your people!"
(26) Then Uzziah said to her, "O daughter, blessed are you of the most high God above all the women upon the earth;
(27) and blessed is the Lord God, who has created the heavens and the earth, who guided you in cutting off the head of the chief of our enemies.
(28) Because of this, your resoluteness will not depart from the heart of men, who will remember the power of God for ever.
(29) And may God turn these things to your benefit as a perpetual praise, to assist you in good things because you have not withheld your life during the affliction of our nation, but have revenged our ruin, walking a straight path before our God."
(30) And all the people said, "Amen! Amen!"
(ח) ויבא יהויקים הכהן הגדול וזקני בני ישראל מירושלים לראות את כל הטוב אשר עשה יי לישראל ולשחר את פני יהודית ולברכה:
(ט) ויהי בבואם אליה ויהללו ויברכו אותה פה אחד ויאמרו אליה:
(י) צבית תפארת ירושלים את גברת ישראל וצפירת תפארה לכל עמנו:
(יא) כי גדולות פעלת בידך לטובת עמך ישראל ורוח אלוהים צלחה עליך:
(יב) ברוכה את ליי לדור ודור ויאמר כל העם אמן:
(יג) והעם מקבצים עוד את השלל ויהיו שלושים יום מאספים אותו:
(8) Then Joacim the high priest and the elders of the children of Israel who lived in Jerusalem came to behold the good things that God had done for Israel, and to see Judith and greet her.
(9) And when they came to her, they blessed her with one accord and said to her,
(10) "You are the exaltation of Jerusalem, you are the great glory of Israel, you are the great rejoicing of our nation.
(11) You have done all these things by your hand. You have done much good to Israel, and God is pleased with it;
(12) you will be blessed by the Almighty Lord for evermore." And all the people said, "Amen!"
(13) And the people despoiled the camp for the space of thirty days.
(יט) ויהי בבואם ירושלימה וישתחוו ליי ויתקדשו ויקריבו עולות וזבחים כאשר נדרו:
(כ) ויהודית לקחה כל כלי הלופרנש אשר נתנו לה ואת יריעת מיטתו ותחרימם ליי:
(כא) וישמחו כל העם לפני יי בירושלים שלושה חודשים ויהודית עימהם:
(כב) ואחרי כן פנה כל העם איש איש לביתו ויהודית שבה אל בתול ויגדל שמה בכל הארץ:
(כג) ורבים היו המבקשים אותה לאישה ותמאן ולא הייתה עוד לאיש אחרי מות מנשה בעלה:
(כד) ותשב בביתה עד עת זקנתה ויהיו שני חייה חמש שנים ומאת שנה:
(כה) ואת אמתה שלחה לחופשי ותמות בבתול ותקבר בקבר מנשה בעלה:
(19) Now as soon as they entered into Jerusalem, they worshipped the Lord; and as soon as the people were purified, they offered their burnt offerings and their free offerings and their gifts.
(20) Judith also dedicated all the belongings of Holofernes, which the people had given her, and she gave the canopy, which she had taken out of his bedroom, as a gift to the Lord.
(21) So the people continued feasting in Jerusalem before the sanctuary for the space of three months; and Judith remained with them.
(22) After this time, every one returned to his own inheritance. And Judith went to Bethulia and remained in her own possession; and during her time she was held in honor throughout the country.
(23) And many desired her, but none knew her all the days of her life, after Manasseh her husband was dead and was gathered to his people.
(24) But she increased more and more in honor; and she grew old in her husband's house, reaching the age of one hundred five years;
(25) and she made her woman servant free. So she died in Bethulia, and they buried her in the cave of her husband Manasseh.
MEGILLAT YEHUDITH (THE SCROLL OF JUDITH)
Then Judith became queen over the land[321] and judged Israel.[322] Because of this the children of Israel shall make a very great feast[323] in their pots and cauldrons,[324] with pieces of cheese,[325] gladness and feasting, a good day, of sending portions to one another,[326] baked pieces,[327] food from the frying pan and dough kneaded until it is leavened[328] so its glory will grow with honey, all manner of baked goods,[329] a wafer, for a memorial to the man who meddled in a quarrel which was not his[330] and the drinking was according to the law: none did compel, for thus the[331] Queen Judith had appointed to all the officers of [his] house, that they should do according to every man’s pleasure.[332] The Jews ordained and took it upon themselves[333] to confirm this letter[334] to make a day of feasting and joy and a good day.[335]
Megillat Yehudith (the Scroll of Judith) by an unknown author or authors, before 1402 CE. (Megillat Yehudit should not be confused with the deutero-canonical Book of Judith authored in Antiquity). Megillat Yehudit tells a story of the heroic resistance of a young Jewish woman, Yehudit, (literally “Jewess”) amid the backdrop of the brutal oppression levied against Jerusalem and Judah by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in the 7th century BCE after the destruction of the first Temple. Possibly composed in the medieval period before or during the 11th century, its descriptions of sexual violence reflect the darkest anxieties of Jewish communities surviving in the shadow of Christendom’s crusades. Its use during Ḥanukkah, while a rarity today, is remembered alongside the reading of Megillat Antiokhus (circa 2nd-4th century CE), a retelling of the story of the Maccabees resistance to the Seleucid Greeks in the second century BCE. The crucial theme connecting the two stories for Ḥanukkah isn’t historical per se. Rather, both stories present a cultural memory recalling the heroism, martyrdom, and resistance within the Jewish community during their darkest times. (Source: https://opensiddur.org/readings-and-sourcetexts/festival-and-fast-day-readings/jewish/hanukkah-readings/megillat-yehudit-for-hanukkah/

Hanukiah depicting Judith, Italy, 19th century The Jewish Museum, NY. From the Jewish Museum website: “In Renaissance Florence, Judith took on a secular symbolism, becoming the embodiment of civic virtue and the struggle of the citizens of Florence against Medici rule....It is in this allegorical guise that Judith is depicted on Italian Hanukkah lamps. She wears not the sumptuous clothing described in the Bible, but a classical wrap of some kind that reveals much of her body. In one hand she raises a sword, in the other she holds the head of Holofernes. This form of representation became the standard iconography for depicting the courage of this heroine.” (Source [quoted by Alicia Jo Rabins in her Girls in Trouble Curriculum JUDITH IN THE ENEMY’S TENT] Susan Braunstein’s Luminous Art: Hanukkah Menorahs of the Jewish Museum, Yale University Press, 2004).

“Judith” from Illuminated Visions, Women of the Bible Archival Pigment Print. © Sara M Novenson 2012 http://novenson.com/look-inside-lluminated-visions-women-of-the-bible/
