Eruvin No.4: Yes In My Eruv
מַתְנִי׳ הַדָּר עִם הַנׇּכְרִי בֶּחָצֵר, אוֹ עִם מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹדֶה בָּעֵירוּב — הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹסֵר עָלָיו. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ שְׁנֵי יִשְׂרְאֵלִים אוֹסְרִין זֶה עַל זֶה. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: מַעֲשֶׂה בְּצַדּוּקִי אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה דָּר עִמָּנוּ בְּמָבוֹי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְאָמַר לָנוּ אַבָּא: מַהֲרוּ וְהוֹצִיאוּ אֶת הַכֵּלִים לַמָּבוֹי, עַד שֶׁלֹּא יוֹצִיא וְיֶאֱסֹר עֲלֵיכֶם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: בְּלָשׁוֹן אַחֵר — מַהֲרוּ וַעֲשׂוּ צׇרְכֵיכֶם בַּמָּבוֹי, עַד שֶׁלֹּא יוֹצִיא וְיֶאֱסֹר עֲלֵיכֶם.
MISHNA: One who resides with a gentile in the same courtyard, or one who lives in the same courtyard with one who does not accept the principle of eiruv, even though he is not a gentile, such as a Samaritan [Kuti], this person renders it prohibited for him to carry from his own house into the courtyard or from the courtyard into his house, unless he rents this person’s rights in the courtyard, as will be explained below. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: Actually, the gentile does not render it prohibited for one to carry, unless there are two Jews living in the same courtyard who themselves would prohibit one another from carrying if there were no eiruv. In such a case, the presence of the gentile renders the eiruv ineffective. However, if only one Jew lives there, the gentile does not render it prohibited for him to carry in the courtyard. Rabban Gamliel said: There was an incident involving a certain Sadducee who lived with us in the same alleyway in Jerusalem, who renounced his rights to the alleyway before Shabbat. And Father said to us: Hurry and take out your utensils to the alleyway to establish possession of it, before he changes his mind and takes out his own utensils so as to reclaim his rights, in which case he would render it prohibited for you to use the entire alleyway. Rabbi Yehuda says: Rabban Gamliel’s father spoke to them with a different formulation, saying: Hurry and do whatever you must do in the alleyway prior to Shabbat, before he takes out his utensils and renders it prohibited for you to use the alleyway. In other words, you may not bring out utensils to the alleyway at all on Shabbat, as the institution of an eiruv cannot be used in the neighborhood of a Sadducee. This is because, even if he renounced his rights to the alleyway, he can always retract and reclaim them.

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב סָבַר: כֵּיוָן דְּגוֹי חָשׁוּד אַשְּׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים, תְּרֵי דִּשְׁכִיחִי דְּדָיְירִי — גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ,

The disagreement should be understood as follows: Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov holds that since a gentile is suspected of bloodshed, it is unusual for a single Jew to share a courtyard with a gentile. However, it is not unusual for two or more Jews to do so, as they will protect each other. Therefore, in the case of two Jews, who commonly live together with a gentile in the same courtyard, the Sages issued a decree to the effect that the gentile renders it prohibited for them to carry. This would cause great inconvenience to Jews living with gentiles and would thereby motivate the Jews to distance themselves from gentiles. In this manner, the Sages sought to prevent the Jews from learning from the gentiles’ ways.

מַהוּ לְאוֹרוֹיֵי בִּמְקוֹם רַבּוֹ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֲפִילּוּ בֵּיעֲתָא בְּכוּתָּחָא בְּעוֹ מִינֵּיהּ מֵרַב חִסְדָּא כׇּל שְׁנֵי דְּרַב הוּנָא, וְלָא אוֹרִי.
However, what is the halakha with regard to whether a disciple may issue a ruling according to the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov in his teacher’s place of jurisdiction, i.e., in a place where he is the recognized authority? Although it is usually prohibited to do so, perhaps such an evident and well-known principle such as this does not fall into the category of rulings that a disciple may not issue in his teacher’s territory. Rav Yosef said to Abaye: Even when Rav Ḥisda was asked about the permissibility of cooking an egg in kutaḥ, a dairy dish, throughout the years of Rav Huna’s life, he refused to issue a ruling. Rav Ḥisda was a disciple of Rav Huna, and a disciple may not issue a ruling in his teacher’s place of jurisdiction about even the simplest of matters.
צֶ֥דֶק צֶ֖דֶק תִּרְדֹּ֑ף לְמַ֤עַן תִּֽחְיֶה֙ וְיָרַשְׁתָּ֣ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ (ס)
Justice, justice shall you pursue, that you may thrive and occupy the land that the LORD your God is giving you.

...אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ אֹהֶל פְּלָן שֶׁל אָבִינוּ אַבְרָהָם מְפֻלָּשׁ הָיָה, רַבִּי יוּדָן אָמַר כְּהָדֵין דְּרוֹמִילוֹס, אָמַר אִם אֲנִי רוֹאֶה אוֹתָן שֶׁהִפְלִיגוּ אֶת דַּרְכָּם לְהִתְקָרֵב דֶּרֶךְ כָּאן, אֲנִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהֵן בָּאִים אֶצְלִי, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה אוֹתָן שֶׁהִפְלִיגוּ, מִיָּד וַיָּרָץ לִקְרָאתָם מִפֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ אָרְצָה.

...R. Abbahu said: The tent of the Patriarch Abraham opened at both sides. R. Judan said : It was like a double- gated passage. Said he: 'If I see them turn aside, I will know that they are coming to me.' When he saw them turn aside, immediately He ran to meet them.

פתח האהל. לִרְאוֹת אִם יֵשׁ עוֹבֵר וָשָׁב וְיַכְנִיסֵם בְּבֵיתוֹ:
פתח האהל AT THE TENT-DOOR — that he might see whether anyone passed by, and invite him into the house
רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ וְתַלְמִידֵי דְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא אִיקְּלַעוּ לְהָהוּא פּוּנְדָּק, וְלָא הֲוָה שׂוֹכֵר, וַהֲוָה מַשְׂכִּיר. אֲמַרוּ: מַהוּ לְמֵיגַר מִינֵּיהּ? כֹּל הֵיכָא דְּלָא מָצֵי מְסַלֵּיק לֵיהּ — לָא תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ דְּלָא אָגְרִינָא. כִּי תִּיבְּעֵי — הֵיכָא דְּמָצֵי מְסַלֵּיק לֵיהּ. מַאי? כֵּיוָן דְּמָצֵי מְסַלֵּיק — אָגְרִינָא. אוֹ דִילְמָא, הַשְׁתָּא מִיהָא הָא לָא סַלְּקֵיהּ? אָמַר לָהֶן רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: נִשְׂכּוֹר, וְלִכְשֶׁנַּגִּיעַ אֵצֶל רַבּוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם, נִשְׁאַל לָהֶן. אֲתוֹ שַׁיַּילּוּ לְרַבִּי אַפָּס, אָמַר לָהֶן: יָפֶה עֲשִׂיתֶם שֶׁשְּׂכַרְתֶּם. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר יוֹסֵף וְרַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא וְרַבִּי אַסִּי אִיקְּלַעוּ לְהָהוּא פּוּנְדָּק דַּאֲתָא גּוֹי מָרֵי דְפוּנְדָּק בְּשַׁבְּתָא. אֲמַרוּ: מַהוּ לְמֵיגַר מִינֵּיהּ? שׂוֹכֵר כִּמְעָרֵב דָּמֵי — מָה מְעָרֵב מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, אַף שׂוֹכֵר מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם.
The Gemara relates that Reish Lakish and the students of Rabbi Ḥanina happened to come on Shabbat to a certain inn that had at least three permanent residents, two Jews and a gentile who rented their quarters from the gentile innkeeper. Although the gentile tenant was not present on that Shabbat, the gentile landlord was present. Concerned that the gentile tenant might return during Shabbat and render it prohibited for them to carry, Rabbi Ḥanina’s students wondered whether the gentile landlord can rent out the gentile’s room again for the purpose of an eiruv. They said: What is the halakha with regard to renting from him? The Gemara clarifies: Anywhere that the landlord cannot remove the tenant, you need not raise the dilemma, for they clearly cannot rent it from him. If the landlord is unable to expel the tenant, the residence temporarily belongs completely to the tenant, and only he can rent it out. Where you need to raise the dilemma is with regard to a situation where he can remove him. What is the halakha? Does one say that since the landlord can remove the tenant, they can rent the residence from him, as the landlord retains a measure of control over it, and therefore he can rent it out again for the purpose of an eiruv? Or perhaps now, in any case he has not actually removed him, which means the residence is still entirely under the tenant’s jurisdiction? Reish Lakish said to them: Let us rent it now, as the principle is that one may act leniently in a case of doubt involving a rabbinic prohibition, and when we arrive at our Sages in the South we shall ask them whether we acted properly. Later they came and asked Rabbi Afes, who said to them: You acted well when you rented it from the landlord. The Gemara relates a similar incident: Rabbi Ḥanina bar Yosef and Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba and Rabbi Asi happened to come to a certain inn, and the gentile innkeeper, who was absent when Shabbat began, came on Shabbat. They said: What is the halakha with regard to renting from him now? The Gemara explains the two sides of the question: Is renting from a gentile like making an eiruv? If so, just as one who establishes an eiruv may do so only while it is still day, so too, one who rents a gentile’s property must do so while it is still day.
מַתְנִי׳ בַּכֹּל מְעָרְבִין וּמִשְׁתַּתְּפִין, חוּץ מִן הַמַּיִם וּמִן הַמֶּלַח.
MISHNA: One may establish a joining of houses in courtyards [eiruv ḥatzerot] in order to permit carrying on Shabbat in a courtyard shared by two or more houses, and one may establish a joining of Shabbat borders [eiruv teḥumin] in order to extend the distance one is permitted to walk on Shabbat; and similarly, one may merge courtyards in order to permit carrying in an alleyway shared by two or more courtyards. This may be done with all kinds of food except for water and salt, as they are not considered foods and therefore may not be used for these purposes.
מֵיתִיבִי, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: עוּכְלָא תַּבְלִין, וְלִיטְרָא יָרָק, וַעֲשָׂרָה אֱגוֹזִין, וַחֲמִשָּׁה אֲפַרְסְקִין, וּשְׁנֵי רִמּוֹנִים, וְאֶתְרוֹג אֶחָד. וְאָמַר גּוּרְסַק בַּר דָּרֵי מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב מְנַשְּׁיָא בַּר שְׂגוּבְלִי מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב, וְכֵן לְעֵירוּב. וְהָנֵי נָמֵי לִיהְווֹ כִּי אֲפַרְסְקִין! הָנֵי חֲשִׁיבִי, וְהָנֵי לָא חֲשִׁיבִי. אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: שְׁרָא לֵיהּ מָרֵיהּ לְרַב מְנַשְּׁיָא בַּר שְׂגוּבְלִי, אֲנָא אַמְרִיתָא נִיהֲלֵיהּ אַמַּתְנִיתִין, וְהוּא אַמְרַהּ אַבָּרַיְיתָא. דִּתְנַן: אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין לְעָנִי בַּגּוֹרֶן מֵחֲצִי קַב חִטִּין וְקַב שְׂעוֹרִין. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: חֲצִי קַב שְׂעוֹרִין. וְקַב וַחֲצִי כוּסְּמִין, וְקַב גְּרוֹגְרוֹת אוֹ מָנֶה דְּבֵילָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: פְּרָס. וַחֲצִי לוֹג יַיִן, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: רְבִיעִית. וּרְבִיעִית שֶׁמֶן, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: שְׁמִינִית. וּשְׁאָר כׇּל הַפֵּירוֹת, אָמַר אַבָּא שָׁאוּל: כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּמְכְּרֵם וְיִקַּח בָּהֶן מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעוּדוֹת. וְאָמַר רַב: וְכֵן לְעֵירוּב.

The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita: Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: When distributing poor man’s tithe, one must give each individual poor person at least an ukla, an eighth of a log, of spices, a liter of vegetables, ten nuts, five peaches, two pomegranates, or one citron, as these are worthy amounts for distribution. And Gursak bar Darei said in the name of Rav Menashya bar Sheguvlei, who said in the name of Rav: And similarly, this is the halakha with regard to an eiruv. Now, it can be asked: These apples should also be like peaches, as they are similar in size, and it should be enough to use five apples for an eiruv. The Gemara answers that there is a distinction between them: These peaches are important, and therefore five of them are a significant amount, but these apples are not important, and therefore one must use the larger measure of a kav. Rav Yosef said: May his Master, God, forgive Rav Menashya bar Sheguvlei, for he erred and caused others to err. I stated before him a ruling in the name of Rav concerning a mishna, and he stated it concerning the baraita, which led to the error. As we learned in a mishna: One may not give a pauper receiving poor man’s tithe at the threshing floor less than half a kav of wheat or less than a kav of barley. Rabbi Meir says: He must be given at least half a kav of barley. Similarly, he must be given no less than a kav and a half of spelt, a kav of dried figs, or a maneh of pressed figs. Rabbi Akiva says: Not a maneh, but half a maneh. He must be given at least half a log of wine. Rabbi Akiva says: Half that amount, a quarter log. And similarly, he must be given a quarter log of oil. Rabbi Akiva says: Half that amount, an eighth of a log. And with regard to all other fruit, Abba Shaul said: He must be given enough to sell them and buy food that suffices for two meals with the proceeds of their sale. And with regard to this mishna, Rav said: And similarly, this is the halakha with regard to an eiruv.