Chazal (our Sages) tell us that Gd brought the animals to man to show him that just as the animals had their own partners, he too would need one of his own kind.
The Sforno (d.1550) explains why he gave them names:
לראות מה יקרא לו, so that he would see which name would be appropriate for each creature, based on the specific tasks they performed in the universe.
From the outset, the Torah is informing us that there is a relationship between man and beast but there are rules that must be established to separate the two.
The Torah tells us that, Noah gathers two pairs of 'impure טמא' animals ' and seven pairs of 'pure, טהור' ones. Please hold this thought, as we will return to it shortly.
Gd has given permission for humans to eat meat, whether from the beasts in the field or the birds in the sky (with the exclusion of consuming blood and the commandment for all mankind to abstain from removing a limb of a live animal as part of the Noahide Laws (see Rashi).
Nature's equilibrium has been tilted in favour of humans over animals. It is therefore puzzling why, having been granted this right, the Torah provides, not once, but twice a list of which animals, birds and fish some of Noah's descendants are and are not allowed to eat.
(ב) כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדוֹשׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַה' אֱלֹקֶ֑יךָ וּבְךָ֞ בָּחַ֣ר ה' לִֽהְי֥וֹת לוֹ֙ לְעַ֣ם סְגֻלָּ֔ה מִכֹּל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ (ס) (ג) לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל כָּל־תּוֹעֵבָֽה׃ (ד) זֹ֥את הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכֵ֑לוּ שׁ֕וֹר שֵׂ֥ה כְשָׂבִ֖ים וְשֵׂ֥ה עִזִּֽים׃ (ה) אַיָּ֥ל וּצְבִ֖י וְיַחְמ֑וּר וְאַקּ֥וֹ וְדִישֹׁ֖ן וּתְא֥וֹ וָזָֽמֶר׃ (ו) וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֞ה מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י פְרָס֔וֹת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃
(2) For you are a people consecrated to the LORD your God: the LORD your God chose you from among all other peoples on earth to be His treasured people. (3) You shall not eat anything abhorrent. (4) These are the animals that you may eat: the ox, the sheep, and the goat; (5) the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope, the mountain sheep, (6) and any other animal that has true hoofs which are cleft in two and brings up the cud—such you may eat.
Let us refer to the Sforno again who points the way to giving us a reason for the discrepancy between the postdiluvian permission which I described above and the restrictions detailed in this week's parsha:
לא תאכל כל תועבה; before the Torah had been revealed, given, the Israelites as well as mankind generally were aware of the concepts “pure, טהור,” and “טמא, impure.” This is clear already from G’d’s command to Noach to take into the ark with him one pair each of the “impure” species,” and seven pairs each of the “pure” species of animals and birds. (Genesis 7,2)
When Gd, after the deluge, permitted man to eat meat, He did not distinguish between meat from “pure” animals and meat from “impure animals.” However, now, after the giving of the Torah, when the Jewish people had become so special, it was no longer appropriate for them to ingest the flesh of impure animals or birds (or even fish). Our sustenance should not be dependent on such inferior living beings. We should remain constantly aware of the gulf between man and beast, especially beasts which had never been suitable as sacrifices ("i.e. animals that were not included in the Torah's lists" - my addition)
Yet, with the giving of the Torah, a kind of reversal of the relationship has taken place and in a way, the respect between man and beast has been restored. The Torah informs us on numerous occasions (including within this week's Parsha) that we must be careful to:
(23) ...make sure that you do not partake of the blood; for the blood is the life, and you must not consume the life with the flesh.
It should be added that (and here I do agree with the Vegetarian approach), we were allowed to eat meat because we descended from the high status we held before the flood. Gd's permission was a compromise based on our inability to reach the spiritual level that we should have maintained in the early years of man's existence.
Returning to the Sforno's illuminating commentary, we define ourselves as 'pure and impure' as per the corresponding animals that entered the ark. In short, the Torah is telling us that 'we are (literally) what we eat'!
In limiting the choice of flesh available to us, perhaps Gd is reminding the Jewish people of the sanctity of life, both in the human and animal worlds. Ideally, we should not eat thereof, but if we do, we understand our weaknesses, whilst at the same time, recognising the Divine spark that exists inside each of Gd's creatures.
Does that mean that when the Moshiach arrives, animal sacrifices will resume or will we all become vegetarians?
I think we can safely say that this constitutes another discussion!
Shabbat Shalom.
