
- To look at the retelling of stories by Moses in Deuteronomy
- To analyze why they have been retold in this way
- What can we learn from Moses's reframing?
(6) The Eternal our God spoke to us at Horeb, saying: You have stayed long enough at this mountain. (7) Start out and make your way to the hill country of the Amorites and to all their neighbors in the Arabah, the hill country, the Shephelah, the Negeb, the seacoast, the land of the Canaanites, and the Lebanon, as far as the Great River, the river Euphrates. (8) See, I place the land at your disposal. Go, take possession of the land that the Eternal swore to your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to assign to them and to their heirs after them. (9) Thereupon I said to you, “I cannot bear the burden of you by myself. (10) The Eternal your God has multiplied you until you are today as numerous as the stars in the sky.— (11) May the Eternal, the God of your fathers, increase your numbers a thousandfold, and bless you as God promised you.—
-Patrick Miller, Bible scholar, as quoted by Rabbi Shai Held
― John Lewis, Across That Bridge: A Vision for Change and the Future of America
What was Moses thinking as he begins these speeches?
(13) Next day, Moses sat as magistrate among the people, while the people stood about Moses from morning until evening. (14) But when Moses’ father-in-law saw how much he had to do for the people, he said, “What is this thing that you are doing to the people? Why do you act alone, while all the people stand about you from morning until evening?” (15) Moses replied to his father-in-law, “It is because the people come to me to inquire of God. (16) When they have a dispute, it comes before me, and I decide between one person and another, and I make known the laws and teachings of God.” (17) But Moses’ father-in-law said to him, “The thing you are doing is not right; (18) you will surely wear yourself out, and these people as well. For the task is too heavy for you; you cannot do it alone. (19) Now listen to me. I will give you counsel, and God be with you! You represent the people before God: you bring the disputes before God, (20) and enjoin upon them the laws and the teachings, and make known to them the way they are to go and the practices they are to follow. (21) You shall also seek out from among all the people capable men who fear God, trustworthy men who spurn ill-gotten gain. Set these over them as chiefs of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens, (22) and let them judge the people at all times. Have them bring every major dispute to you, but let them decide every minor dispute themselves. Make it easier for yourself by letting them share the burden with you. (23) If you do this—and God so commands you—you will be able to bear up; and all these people too will go home unwearied.” (24) Moses heeded his father-in-law and did just as he had said.
Why does Moses not mention Jethro in Deuteronomy?
How does this omission affect the message he is trying to get across to the people?
What are the most important qualities of a leader or judge, according to Moses?
What would you add to his list?
Bible scholar Jeffrey Tigay points out, “Deuteronomy regularly uses this term ‘brothers’ to emphasize the equality and fraternity of all Israelites, whether king or servant, Prophet or King.”
Insisting that the poor be allowed to bring lawsuits, since "it was often difficult for the poor to get their day in court if they could not afford to pay the judge a fee for hearing their case."
-Sanhedrin 7b
(6) [King Yehoshaphat] charged the judges: “Consider what you are doing, for you judge not on behalf of man, but on behalf of the Eternal, and God is with you when you pass judgment. (7) Now let the dread of the Eternal be upon you; act with care, for there is no injustice or favoritism or bribe-taking with the Eternal our God.”
Those making judgments must possess seven attributes:
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Wise
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Understanding
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Full of knowledge
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Able
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Reverent
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Truthful
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Despise corruption
- adapted from Deuteronomy Rabbah 1:10, as quoted in Fields
QUESTION: Is this a realistic expectation?
Samuel, A revered scholar and judge, was crossing a stream on a narrow plank. Stranger, seeing that the rabbi could use some help, reached out, took his hand, and brought him safely to the other side of the stream. Upon learning the man's name, Samuel realized that the man was scheduled to appear before him for judgment in a few days. “Friend,” Samuel told him, “by your kind favor you have disqualified me as the judge in your dispute.”
-Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz, quoting from Babylonian Talmud
These are three of the most common fears of communal leaders: fear of mentors, fear of colleagues, and fear of the powerful. Moses’s words are like a stick of dynamite thrown into a crowd of anxious communal professionals: Despite everything, do not be afraid!
-Rabbi Shai Held
-Women’s Torah Commentary
-Plaut Torah Commentary
-Nechama Leibowitz