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Parshat Shelach Lecha: Symbols
I am writing this Drasha a few hours after we learned of the sad passing of Dama Vera Lynn at the venerable age of 103. A BBC website tribute page has described her as 'one of the country's most potent symbols of resilience and hope.'
This is a fitting description of Dame Vera because she was a symbol of how one person can impact the lives of so many. Who can hear "We'll Meet Again" and not think about its deep resonance in the collective memory of anyone who either lived through the Second World War or learned about it in history? The song, like its singer is also a symbol of 'hope over adversity'.
A few weeks ago, at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, Dame Vera said "simple acts of bravery and sacrifice still define our nation." and the song for which she will always be remembered was even quoted by Her Majesty the Queen who told this nation in April: "We will be with our friends again, we will be with our families again, we will meet again."
Dame Vera, the person and the symbol, spoke to and for, all of us.
Imagine the plot to a Hollywood summer blockbuster Movie.
Its tag-line on posters could read something along the lines of: "12 Spies. 1 Country. 40 Days. Mission Possible?"
This would sit directly below a horizontal row of individual photos of twelve famous actors like Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Henry Cavill, Jake Gylenhaal, Orlando Bloom and others. An actor's name would be emblazoned over each photograph but some reason which I still don't understand, the names and photos underneath wouldn't match each other. Below the title, you would have colourful graphics depicting the spies in different precarious locations, with giants standing astride them impervious to their presence. Your eyes would be immediately drawn to the footer which would display an image depicting two long poles with an oversized bunch of grapes, with most of the actors holding the poles from either ends.
(כג) וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַד־נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכֹּ֗ל וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ מִשָּׁ֤ם זְמוֹרָה֙ וְאֶשְׁכּ֤וֹל עֲנָבִים֙ אֶחָ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֥הוּ בַמּ֖וֹט בִּשְׁנָ֑יִם וּמִן־הָרִמֹּנִ֖ים וּמִן־הַתְּאֵנִֽים׃

(23) They reached the wadi Eshcol, and there they cut down a branch with a single cluster of grapes—it had to be borne on a carrying frame by two of them—and some pomegranates and figs.

זמורה. שׂוֹכַת גֶּפֶן, וְאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁל עֲנָבִים תָּלוּי בָּהּ:

זמורה (lit., AND THEY CUT DOWN FROM THENCE) A BRANCH [AND ONE CLUSTER OF GRAPES] — i.e. a vine branch with a cluster of grapes hanging from it (not as the text might suggest, that they cut a branch and they cut also a cluster of grapes),

וישאהו במוט בשנים. מִמַּשְׁמַע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיִּשָּׂאֻהוּ בַמּוֹט" אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא בִשְׁנַיִם? מַה תַּ"ל "בִּשְׁנָיִם"? בִּשְׁנֵי מוֹטוֹת. הָא כֵיצַד? שְׁמוֹנָה נָטְלוּ אֶשְׁכּוֹל, אֶחָד נָטַל תְּאֵנָה וְאֶחָד רִמּוֹן; יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב לֹא נָטְלוּ כְלוּם, לְפִי שֶׁכָּל עַצְמָם לְהוֹצִיא דִּבָּה נִתְכַּוְּנוּ — כְּשֵׁם שֶׁפִּרְיָהּ מְשֻׁנֶּה כָּךְ עַמָּהּ מְשֻׁנֶּה; וְאִם חָפֵץ אַתָּה לֵידַע כַּמָּה מַשּׂאוֹי אֶחָד מֵהֶם, צֵא וּלְמַד מֵאֲבָנִים שֶׁהֵקִימוּ בַּגִּלְגָּל — הֵרִימוּ לָהֶם אִיש אֶבֶן אַחַת מִן הַיַּרְדֵן עַל שִׁכְמוֹ וֶהֱקִימוּהָ בַּגִּלְגָּל (יהושע ד') — וּשְׁקָלוּם רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מִשְׁקַל כָּל אַחַת אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, וּגְמִירֵי טוּנָא דְּמִידְלֵי אֱינַשׁ עַל כַּתְפֵּיהּ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא שְׁלִישׁ מַשּׂאוֹי כַּמַּשּׂאוֹי שֶׁמְּסַיְּעִין אוֹתוֹ לְהָרִים (סוטה ל"ד):

וישאהו במוט בשנים AND THEY BARE IT UPON A POLE BETWEEN TWO — From what is implied in the statement “And they bare it upon a pole”, do I not know that it was carried by two men”? why then does it add the word ‎בשנים?‎ It means, not as you assume, “by two men” but “upon two poles”. How was that done? Eight of the spies bore the cluster of grapes. Besides these, one spy took the fig and one the pomegranate, but Joshua and Caleb did not take anything (although all of them were bidden to do so; cf. v. 20), because the very essence of their (the other spies’) intention was only to bring an evil report: “Just as its fruit is extraordinary in size, so is its people extraordinary in size”.

Can you imagine what it must have looked like when they returned to the camp? The crowds of Israelites would have watched them with their jaws dropped to the ground, cartoon like and their eyes protruding five feet in front of their faces in sheet astonishment. Not only had the men returned safely, but the land was so fertile that it was producing a cluster grapes that needed to be carried by eight men on two poles.
Their report starts off like this:
(כו) וַיֵּלְכ֡וּ וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־מִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָ֖ן קָדֵ֑שָׁה וַיָּשִׁ֨יבוּ אוֹתָ֤ם דָּבָר֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּרְא֖וּם אֶת־פְּרִ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (כז) וַיְסַפְּרוּ־לוֹ֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ בָּ֕אנוּ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁלַחְתָּ֑נוּ וְ֠גַם זָבַ֨ת חָלָ֥ב וּדְבַ֛שׁ הִ֖וא וְזֶה־פִּרְיָֽהּ׃

(26) They went straight to Moses and Aaron and the whole Israelite community at Kadesh in the wilderness of Paran, and they made their report to them and to the whole community, as they showed them the fruit of the land. (27) This is what they told him: “We came to the land you sent us to; it does indeed flow with milk and honey, and this is its fruit.

They didn't need to say any more. They had presented the symbol and it was there for all to see. How much more proof do you need than actually showing the people "the fruit of the land"?
The symbol speaks for itself. The logical next step would be for the spies and the people to petition Moses to lead them to the land. They weren't far off and could have been there within a very short time.
We expect this in the next few verses, instead, we read the following:

(כח) אֶ֚פֶס כִּֽי־עַ֣ז הָעָ֔ם הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהֶֽעָרִ֗ים בְּצֻר֤וֹת גְּדֹלֹת֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְגַם־יְלִדֵ֥י הָֽעֲנָ֖ק רָאִ֥ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ (כט) עֲמָלֵ֥ק יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ הַנֶּ֑גֶב וְ֠הַֽחִתִּי וְהַיְבוּסִ֤י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּהָ֔ר וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב עַל־הַיָּ֔ם וְעַ֖ל יַ֥ד הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃

(28) However, the people who inhabit the country are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very large; moreover, we saw the Anakites there. (29) Amalekites dwell in the Negeb region; Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites inhabit the hill country; and Canaanites dwell by the Sea and along the Jordan.”

Sforno, the famous Sephardic commentator expands on the keyword of "Efes - However":
אפס כי עז העם אבל אי אפשר לנו לכבשה מפני שהעם עז והערים בצורות ושוכני הארץ הם שונאינו והם בני עמלק שילחמו גם הם בנו כדי שלא נקרב אל גבולם:

However, the people who inhabit the country: it is impossible to conquer the land since we cannot defeat its people. Not only are the people tough, but the cities are fortified. The inhabitants of the land, the Amelakites hate us fiercely. They will engage in a pre-emptive war against us so that we should not even get near their borders.

I have always been bothered by the turn of phrase that introduces this next section.
Within the last hour, the spies have re-entered the camp literally bearing the fruits of their labour. They have augmented their description with living, tangible proof of how bountiful the produce is.
What would the spies achieve by spoiling the moment and particularly by referencing the sadistic Amalekites, whose recent attacks had wounded the nation so severely, both physically and psychologically? It's as though they were determined to strip the varnish off the prizes they had garnered during their walking trip.
Rashi underscores this point, quoting the Midrash Tanchuma (Shlach, 9)
עמלק יושב וגו'. לְפִי שֶׁנִּכְווּ בַּעֲמָלֵק כְּבָר, הִזְכִּירוּהוּ מְרַגְּלִים כְּדֵי לְיָרְאָם (תנחומא):

THE AMALEKITES ABIDE [IN THE LAND OF THE SOUTH] — Because they had already been “burnt” by Amalek, the spies mentioned him first in order to terrify them.

Two spies, Joshua and Caleb tried their best to turn the crowd and remind the people that the same Gd who split the sea, provide them with the Manna and quails would enable them to possess and conquer the land (Rashi). This was to no avail and the resulting punishment led, quite literally to forty years of wandering around the desert.
(לב) וּפִגְרֵיכֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֑ם יִפְּל֖וּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ (לג) וּ֠בְנֵיכֶם יִהְי֨וּ רֹעִ֤ים בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־זְנוּתֵיכֶ֑ם עַד־תֹּ֥ם פִּגְרֵיכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ (לד) בְּמִסְפַּ֨ר הַיָּמִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ֮ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יוֹם֒ י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֞ה י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֗ה תִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־תְּנוּאָתִֽי׃

(32) But your carcasses shall drop in this wilderness, (33) while your children roam the wilderness for forty years, suffering for your faithlessness, until the last of your carcasses is down in the wilderness. (34) You shall bear your punishment for forty years, corresponding to the number of days—forty days—that you scouted the land: a year for each day and you shall know my displeasure.

Sometimes, symbols as grand as they may appear are not enough. At this point, the Israelites had witnessed countless miracles, from the Exodus itself to the cluster of grapes that sat before them. The spies lack of faith, despite their having been successful in infiltrating the land, travelling throughout its borders and returning safely with glowing evidence of its uniqueness, amply proves this fact. A symbol without meaning is simply an attractive but ultimately empty container.
In 'The Merchant of Venice', (Act 2, Scene 7) Portia hands the key to Morocco and he opens the golden casket.
Looking inside he says:" Damn it! What’s this? It’s a skull with a scroll in its empty eye socket. I’ll read it aloud.
(he reads)
“All that glitters (originally written as 'glisters') is not gold..."
The symbol in this sad chapter might have glittered had the spies and the people realised that it was an example of Gd's golden blessings to the land, they could have referenced it positively to encourage the people to follow Moses as he led them, protected by Gd into Canaan. All that glitters might have been gold.
Dame Vera Lynn could have spent the rest of her life after the war as a 'potent symbol of resilience and hope' and nobody would have begrudged her this honour. However, she sensibly shirked off the title and saw through its hollow nature and instead dedicated her life to helping others and being there for 'The Boys'. Along with her a successful career in music and broadcasting, she founded the "Dame Vera Lynn Children’s Charity" which to this day helps children with Cerebral Palsy and other motor learning impairments. It does marvellous work and you can read about its services at https://dvlcc.org.uk/. The charity, like its owner is formed out of real gold and if you wish to remember her in the way that she would have wished, perhaps you would consider donating to this cause.
The spies and the people they influenced could have achieved so much if they had taken a moment to appreciate the meaning behind their symbol. At the end of the day, life is not about symbols but the humans that know how to utilise them and benefit others as a result.
The spies could have learned a great deal from the late and great, Dame Vera Lynn, may she rest in peace.
Shabbat Shalom.
זמורה. שׂוֹכַת גֶּפֶן, וְאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁל עֲנָבִים תָּלוּי בָּהּ:
זמורה (lit., AND THEY CUT DOWN FROM THENCE) A BRANCH [AND ONE CLUSTER OF GRAPES] — i.e. a vine branch with a cluster of grapes hanging from it (not as the text might suggest, that they cut a branch and they cut also a cluster of grapes),