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Rejection in I Samuel
(ז) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל שְׁמַע֙ בְּק֣וֹל הָעָ֔ם לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אֹֽתְךָ֙ מָאָ֔סוּ כִּֽי־אֹתִ֥י מָאֲס֖וּ מִמְּלֹ֥ךְ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
(7) and the LORD replied to Samuel, “Heed the demand of the people in everything they say to you. For it is not you that they have rejected; it is Me they have rejected as their king.
(יט) וְאַתֶּ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם מְאַסְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא מוֹשִׁ֣יעַ לָכֶם֮ מִכָּל־רָעוֹתֵיכֶ֣ם וְצָרֹֽתֵיכֶם֒ וַתֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ כִּי־מֶ֖לֶךְ תָּשִׂ֣ים עָלֵ֑ינוּ וְעַתָּ֗ה הִֽתְיַצְּבוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וּלְאַלְפֵיכֶֽם׃
(19) But today you have rejected your God who delivered you from all your troubles and calamities. For you said, ‘No, set up a king over us!’ Now station yourselves before the LORD, by your tribes and clans.”
(כג) כִּ֤י חַטַּאת־קֶ֙סֶם֙ מֶ֔רִי וְאָ֥וֶן וּתְרָפִ֖ים הַפְצַ֑ר יַ֗עַן מָאַ֙סְתָּ֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּמְאָסְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ (ס)
(23) For rebellion is like the sin of divination, Defiance, like the iniquity of teraphim. Because you rejected the LORD’s command, He has rejected you as king.”
(כו) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל לֹ֥א אָשׁ֖וּב עִמָּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מָאַ֙סְתָּה֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּמְאָסְךָ֣ יְהוָ֔ה מִהְי֥וֹת מֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (ס)
(26) But Samuel said to Saul, “I will not go back with you; for you have rejected the LORD’s command, and the LORD has rejected you as king over Israel.”
(א) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל עַד־מָתַי֙ אַתָּה֙ מִתְאַבֵּ֣ל אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַאֲנִ֣י מְאַסְתִּ֔יו מִמְּלֹ֖ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מַלֵּ֨א קַרְנְךָ֜ שֶׁ֗מֶן וְלֵ֤ךְ אֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֙ אֶל־יִשַׁ֣י בֵּֽית־הַלַּחְמִ֔י כִּֽי־רָאִ֧יתִי בְּבָנָ֛יו לִ֖י מֶֽלֶךְ׃
(1) And the LORD said to Samuel, “How long will you grieve over Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and set out; I am sending you to Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I have decided on one of his sons to be king.”
(ז) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אַל־תַּבֵּ֧ט אֶל־מַרְאֵ֛הוּ וְאֶל־גְּבֹ֥הַּ קוֹמָת֖וֹ כִּ֣י מְאַסְתִּ֑יהוּ כִּ֣י ׀ לֹ֗א אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִרְאֶה֙ הָאָדָ֔ם כִּ֤י הָֽאָדָם֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה לַעֵינַ֔יִם וַיהוָ֖ה יִרְאֶ֥ה לַלֵּבָֽב׃
(7) But the LORD said to Samuel, “Pay no attention to his appearance or his stature, for I have rejected him. For not as man sees [does the LORD see]; man sees only what is visible, but the LORD sees into the heart.”
ורב יהודה שליף מסאני ואתא מטרא ואנן צוחינן וליכא דמשגח בן אלא הקב"ה ליבא בעי דכתיב (שמואל א טז, ז) וה' יראה ללבב
But nevertheless, when Rav Yehuda would remove one of his shoes the rain would immediately fall, whereas we cry out and no one notices us. Rather, the Holy One, Blessed be He, seeks the heart, and the barometer of greatness is devotion of the heart and not the amount of Torah that one studies, as it is written: “But the Lord looks on the heart” (I Samuel 16:7).

(א) רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא פָּתַח (תהלים ד, ה): רִגְזוּ וְאַל תֶּחֱטָאוּ, אָמַר דָּוִד לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, עַד אֵימָתַי הֵם מִתְרַגְּזִים עָלַי וְאוֹמְרִים לֹא פְּסוּל מִשְׁפָּחָה הוּא, וְלֹא מֵרוּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָה הוּא. (תהלים ד, ה): אִמְרוּ בִלְבַבְכֶם עַל מִשְׁכַּבְכֶם, אַף אַתֶּם לֹא בָאתֶם מִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, אַתֶּם רְאוּ מָה עִקַּרְכֶם, וְדוֹמוּ סֶלָּה. וְאָף תָּמָר שֶׁלְּקָחָהּ יְהוּדָה זְקֶנְכֶם, לֹא מִפְּסוּל מִשְׁפָּחָה הוּא, אֶלָּא בִּתּוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁם בֶּן נֹחַ, מָה אַתֶּם יֵשׁ לָכֶם יוֹחֲסִים, רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אֲבִיָּה אָמַר אַרְגִּיז יִצְרְךָ וְאַל תֶּחֱטָא. וְרַבָּנִין אָמְרִין אַכְעִיס יִצְרְךָ וְלֹא תֶחֱטָא. אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדוֹת פָּרֶץ (רות ד, יח), אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אֵלֶּה, פָּסַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, וְאֵלֶּה, מוֹסִיף עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וכו' [כדאיתא בבראשית רבה פרשה יב עד בשרו שישמעאל עשה תשובה, עד כאן]. וְחֶצְרוֹן הוֹלִיד אֶת רָם (רות ד, יט), וְלֹא יְרַחְמְאֵל הָיָה בֶּן קַדְמָאי (דברי הימים א ב, ט): וּבְנֵי חֶצְרוֹן אֲשֶׁר נוֹלַד אֶת יְרַחְמְאֵל וְאֶת רָם וְאֶת כְּלוּבָי, אֶלָּא שֶׁנָּשָׂא אִשָּׁה כְּנַעֲנִית לְהִתְעַטֵּר בָּהּ, דִּכְתִיב (דברי הימים א ב, כו): וַתְּהִי אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת לִירַחְמְאֵל וּשְׁמָהּ עֲטָרָה. וְרָם הוֹלִיד אֶת עַמִּינָדָב וְשַׂלְמוֹן, אֶלָּא עַד כָּאן עָשׂוּ סֻלָּמוֹת לַנְּשִׂיאִים, מִכָּאן וָאֵילָךְ עָשׂוּ סֻלָּמוֹת לַמְּלָכִים. רַבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַח (תהלים מ, ח): אָז אָמַרְתִּי הִנֵּה בָאתִי, שִׁירָה הָיִיתִי צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁבָּאתִי, וְאֵין אָז אֶלָּא שִׁירָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות טו, א): אָז יָשִׁיר משֶׁה, מִכְּלַל לֹא יָבֹא הָיִיתִי, וּבָאתִי, (תהלים מ, ח): בִּמְגִלַּת סֵפֶר כָּתוּב עָלָי, בִּמְּגִלָּה (איכה א, י): אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָ לֹא יָבֹאוּ בַּקָּהָל לָךְ. בְּסֵפֶר (דברים כג, ד): לֹא יָבֹא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי, וְלֹא דַיּוֹ שֶׁבָּאתִי, אֶלָּא בִּמְגִלָּה וּבְסֵפֶר כָּתוּב עָלָי, בִּמְגִלָּה, פֶּרֶץ, חֶצְרוֹן, רָם, עֲמִינָדָב, נַחְשׁוֹן, בֹּעַז, עוֹבֵד, יִשַׁי, דָּוִד. בְּסֵפֶר (שמואל א טז, יב): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' קוּם מְשָׁחֵהוּ כִּי זֶה הוּא. רַבִּי הוּנָא אוֹמֵר כְּתִיב (בראשית ד, כה): כִּי שָׁת לִי אֱלֹהִים זֶרַע אַחֵר, זֶרַע הַבָּא מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, וְאֵיזֶה זֶה, זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ. רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה וְרַבִּי סִימוֹן, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה עוֹבֵר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם וְנָפְלָה מַרְגָּלִית מֵעַל רֹאשׁוֹ, עָמַד הַמֶּלֶךְ וְכָל פָּמַלְיָא שֶׁלּוֹ שָׁם, וְהָיוּ עוֹבְרִים וְשָׁבִים אוֹמְרִים מַה טִּיבוֹ שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ וְכָל פָּמַלְיָא שֶׁלּוֹ כָּאן, רָאוּ, אָמְרוּ נָפְלָה מַרְגָּלִית מֵעַל רֹאשׁוֹ. מֶה עָשָׂה צָבַר אֶת הֶעָפָר וְהֵבִיא מַכְבְּרוֹת וְכָבַר אֶת הַצִּבּוּר הָאֶחָד וְלֹא מְצָאָהּ, וְהַשֵּׁנִי, וְלֹא מְצָאָהּ, וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי, וּמְצָאָהּ. אָמְרוּ מָצָא הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת מַרְגָּלִיתוֹ. כָּךְ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אָמַר לְאַבְרָהָם (בראשית יב, א): לֶךְ לְךָ, לְךָ הָיִיתִי מְצַפֶּה, מַה צֹּרֶךְ הָיָה לִי לְיַחֵס שֵׁם, אַרְפַּכְשַׁד, שֶׁלַח, עֵבֶר, פֶּלֶג, נָחוֹר, תֶּרַח, אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִילְךָ (דברי הימים א א, כז): אַבְרָם הוּא אַבְרָהָם, (נחמיה ט, ח): וּמָצָאתָ אֶת לְבָבוֹ נֶאֱמָן לְפָנֶיךָ. כָּךְ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְדָוִד, מַה צֹּרֶךְ הָיָה לִי לְיַחֵס פֶּרֶץ, חֶצְרוֹן, רָם, עַמִּינָדָב, נַחְשׁוֹן, שַׂלְמוֹן, בֹּעַז, עוֹבֵד, יִשַׁי, לֹא בִּשְׁבִילְךָ (תהלים פט, כא): מָצָאתִי דָּוִד עַבְדִּי.

(1) Rabbi Abba son of Kahana began: "So tremble, and sin no more; ponder it on your bed, and sigh (Psalms 4:5)": "tremble and sin no more", David said before the Holy One, blessed be He, until when are they going to cause me to tremble and say 'his family is illegitimate and is he not from Ruth the Moabitess?'" "Ponder it on your bed, and sigh": but did you not come from two sisters" Look at how your roots are and be quiet. And also Tamar who took Judah your ancestor, did he not invalidate the family? And on top of that she was the daughter of Shem the son of Noah! What connection do you trace for yourselves?" Rabbi Jacob the son of Aviyyah said: "tremble" at your yetzer and do not sin". And the Rabbis said: "upset your yetzer and do not sin". "These ('eleh) are the generations of Peretz (Ruth 4:18). Rabbi Abba said every place that "these" ('eleh) is said it invalidates the first verse but "and these" (ve'eleh) increases the first verse. "And Hezron bore Ram (Ruth 4:19)": and was not Jerahmeel the son of Kadmai? "The sons of Hezron that were born to him: Jerahmeel, Ram, and Chelubai (1 Chronicles 2:26)"? He married a Canaanite woman to adorn (lehit'ater) himself, as it is written: "Jerahmeel had another wife, whose name was 'Atarah (1 Chronicles 2:26)". "And Ram bore Amminadab and Salmon (Ruth 4:20)", but rather because they made ladders (sullamot) for princes and then they made ladders for kings. Rabbi Yitzchak began: "Then ('az) I said, “Then I said: See, I will bring (Psalm 40:8)": 'I had to say a song when I came'. And it is not "then" ('az) but rather a song, as it is said: "Then ('az) Moses and the Israelites sang this song (Exodus 15:1)": from this I was not able to come and I came "with a scroll (megillat sefer) recounting what befell me (Psalm 40:8)". "With a scroll": (megillah)"Which You have denied admission into Your community (Lamentations 1:1)". "Of a book (sefer): "No Ammonite or Moabite shall be admitted into the congregation (Deuteronomy 23:4)". And I did not come by this law, but rather by a scroll and a book written about me. "In a scroll": Perez, Hezron, Ram, Aminadab, Nahson, Boaz, Obed, Jesse, David. "In a book": "And Hashem said, “Rise and anoint him, for this is the one (1 Samuel 16:12)". Rabbi Huna says: "It is written: "God has provided me with another seed (Genesis 4:25)": the seed will come from another place, and who is this? This is the King Messiah". Rabbi Berachya and Rabbi Simon: "there is a parable of a king who was traveling from place to place and a pearl fell from his head. The king stood up and all of his servants there and the people walking by were saying: 'what is up with the king and all of his servants here?' And they saw and said: "A pearl has fallen from his head". What did he do? He heaped up the dust and brought in brooms and swept one pile and he did not find it. And the second, and he did not find it. And the third, and he found it. So they said the king found his pearl. So the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Abraham: "Go for yourself from your native land (Genesis 12:1)". "For you I have waited, why do I need to trace the connection of Shem, Arpachsad, Shelah, Eber, Peleg, Nahor, Terah?Only because of you "Abram, he is Abraham (1 Chronicles 1:27) and "you found his heart faithful before you" (Nehemiah 9:8)". And so said the Holy One, blessed be He, to David: "Why do I need to trace the connection of Perez, Hezron, Ram, Amminadab, Nahson, Salmon, Boaz, Obed, Jesse? Is it not because of you: "I have found David, my servant (Psalms 89:21)".

עברית

Yalkut HaMekhiri on Psalms (118:28) includes a different tradition about David’s brothers wishing to kill him because they thought their mother had committed adultery, since he was the only one with red hairEnglish

(ג) נִבְזֶה֙ וַחֲדַ֣ל אִישִׁ֔ים אִ֥ישׁ מַכְאֹב֖וֹת וִיד֣וּעַ חֹ֑לִי וּכְמַסְתֵּ֤ר פָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ נִבְזֶ֖ה וְלֹ֥א חֲשַׁבְנֻֽהוּ׃ (ד) אָכֵ֤ן חֳלָיֵ֙נוּ֙ ה֣וּא נָשָׂ֔א וּמַכְאֹבֵ֖ינוּ סְבָלָ֑ם וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ חֲשַׁבְנֻ֔הוּ נָג֛וּעַ מֻכֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים וּמְעֻנֶּֽה׃ (ה) וְהוּא֙ מְחֹלָ֣ל מִפְּשָׁעֵ֔נוּ מְדֻכָּ֖א מֵעֲוֺנֹתֵ֑ינוּ מוּסַ֤ר שְׁלוֹמֵ֙נוּ֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבַחֲבֻרָת֖וֹ נִרְפָּא־לָֽנוּ׃
(3) He was despised, shunned by men, A man of suffering, familiar with disease. As one who hid his face from us, He was despised, we held him of no account. (4) Yet it was our sickness that he was bearing, Our suffering that he endured. We accounted him plagued, Smitten and afflicted by God; (5) But he was wounded because of our sins, Crushed because of our iniquities. He bore the chastisement that made us whole, And by his bruises we were healed.