Let's begin by being journalists for a moment about the idea of revelation. What are the questions we need to answer to even begin this discussion?
Who:
What:
Why:
When:
Where:
How:
(1) God spoke all these words, saying: (2) I the LORD am your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, the house of bondage: (3) You shall have no other gods besides Me. (4) You shall not make for yourself a sculptured image, or any likeness of what is in the heavens above, or on the earth below, or in the waters under the earth. (5) You shall not bow down to them or serve them. For I the LORD your God am an impassioned God, visiting the guilt of the parents upon the children, upon the third and upon the fourth generations of those who reject Me, (6) but showing kindness to the thousandth generation of those who love Me and keep My commandments. (7) You shall not swear falsely by the name of the LORD your God; for the LORD will not clear one who swears falsely by His name. (8) Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy.
פסיקתא זוטרתא, פרשת ואתחנן
שמור וזכור בדיבור אחד נאמרו
Pesikta Zutrata on Parashat VaEtchanan
"Observe" and "remember" were said together in one word.
שבת פח’’ב
בשעה שעלה משה למרום אמרו מלאכי השרת לפני הקב"ה רבש"ע מה לילוד אשה בינינו אמר להן לקבל תורה בא אמרו לפניו חמודה גנוזה שגנוזה לך תשע מאות ושבעים וארבעה דורות קודם שנברא העולם אתה מבקש ליתנה לבשר ודם?
Shabbat 88b
At the moment when Moses ascended on
High, the ministering angels said before the Holy One Blessed Be God: Master of the World, what is one born of a woman doing among us? God said to the angels: To receive the Torah. The angels said before God: The Torah is a hidden treasure that was concealed for 974 generations before the creation of the world, and you seek to give it to flesh and blood?
While the giving of the Torah (Matan Torah) occurred on the 6th of Sivan, Kabbalat Torah, receiving the Torah, can’t be restricted to a particular day. Rather, it is an ongoing enterprise that occurs whenever a Jew sits and is amel baTorah, immersed in Torah. I would like to expand on this distinction.
This separation of giving and receiving implies that God’s giving of the Torah is no guarantee that it will be received. Receiving the Torah is a personal enterprise involving intellectual, spiritual, and emotional dimensions, as well as the readiness to persevere. Sometimes the struggle is to master content, sometimes to organize material...and sometimes it is a struggle with ideas. From my experience, sometimes it can simply be a struggle to remain in one’s seat and persist.
Pause: Does anybody know what "responsa" are? Something funny happened in the world of responsa in 2006.
(ו) גְּדוֹלָה תוֹרָה יוֹתֵר מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה וּמִן הַמַּלְכוּת, שֶׁהַמַּלְכוּת נִקְנֵית בִּשְׁלֹשִׁים מַעֲלוֹת, וְהַכְּהֻנָּה בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע, וְהַתּוֹרָה נִקְנֵית בְּאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנָה דְבָרִים. וְאֵלוּ הֵן, בְּתַלְמוּד, בִּשְׁמִיעַת הָאֹזֶן, בַּעֲרִיכַת שְׂפָתַיִם, בְּבִינַת הַלֵּב, בְּשִׂכְלוּת הַלֵּב, בְּאֵימָה, בְּיִרְאָה, בַּעֲנָוָה, בְּשִׂמְחָה, בְּטָהֳרָה, בְּשִׁמּוּשׁ חֲכָמִים, בְּדִקְדּוּק חֲבֵרִים, וּבְפִלְפּוּל הַתַּלְמִידִים, בְּיִשּׁוּב, בַּמִּקְרָא, בַּמִּשְׁנָה, בְּמִעוּט סְחוֹרָה, בְּמִעוּט דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ, בְּמִעוּט תַּעֲנוּג, בְּמִעוּט שֵׁינָה, בְּמִעוּט שִׂיחָה, בְּמִעוּט שְׂחוֹק, בְּאֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם, בְּלֵב טוֹב, בֶּאֱמוּנַת חֲכָמִים, וּבְקַבָּלַת הַיִּסּוּרִין, הַמַּכִּיר אֶת מְקוֹמוֹ, וְהַשָּׂמֵחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ, וְהָעוֹשֶׂה סְיָג לִדְבָרָיו, וְאֵינוֹ מַחֲזִיק טוֹבָה לְעַצְמוֹ, אָהוּב, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַמָּקוֹם, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַצְּדָקוֹת, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַמֵּישָׁרִים, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַתּוֹכָחוֹת, מִתְרַחֵק מִן הַכָּבוֹד, וְלֹא מֵגִיס לִבּוֹ בְתַלְמוּדוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ שָׂמֵחַ בְּהוֹרָאָה, נוֹשֵׂא בְעֹל עִם חֲבֵרוֹ, מַכְרִיעוֹ לְכַף זְכוּת, מַעֲמִידוֹ עַל הָאֱמֶת, וּמַעֲמִידוֹ עַל הַשָּׁלוֹם, מִתְיַשֵּׁב לִבּוֹ בְתַלְמוּדוֹ, שׁוֹאֵל וּמֵשִׁיב, שׁוֹמֵעַ וּמוֹסִיף, הַלּוֹמֵד עַל מְנָת לְלַמֵּד וְהַלּוֹמֵד עַל מְנָת לַעֲשׂוֹת, הַמַּחְכִּים אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְהַמְכַוֵּן אֶת שְׁמוּעָתוֹ, וְהָאוֹמֵר דָּבָר בְּשֵׁם אוֹמְרוֹ
Torah is acquired by forty-eight things. By study, Attentive listening, Proper speech, By an understanding heart, By an intelligent heart, By awe, By fear, By humility, By joy, By attending to the sages, By critical give and take with friends, By fine argumentation with disciples, By clear thinking, By study of Tanach, By study of mishnah, By a minimum of sleep, By a minimum of chatter, By a minimum of pleasure, By a minimum of frivolity, By a minimum of preoccupation with worldly matters, By long-suffering, By generosity, By faith in the sages, By acceptance of suffering. One also acquires Torah by one who recognizes one's place, Who rejoices in their portion, Who makes a fence about their words, Who takes no credit for oneself, Who is loved, Who loves God, Who loves fellow creatures, Who loves righteous ways, Who loves reproof, Who loves uprightness, Who keeps oneself far from honors, Who does not let their heart become swelled on account of their learning, Who does not delight in giving legal decisions, Who shares in the bearing of a responsibility with their peers, Who judges with the scales weighted favorably, Who leads people on to truth, Who leads people on to peace, Who composes oneself at one's study, Who asks and answers, Who listens to others, Who adds to their own knowledge, Who learns in order to teach, Who learns in order to practice, Who makes their teacher wiser, Who is exact in what they have learned, And who, when they share something they learned, give credit to the name of the person who said it.
(יח) כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה לְאִ֗ישׁ בֵּ֚ן סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמוֹרֶ֔ה אֵינֶ֣נּוּ שֹׁמֵ֔עַ בְּק֥וֹל אָבִ֖יו וּבְק֣וֹל אִמּ֑וֹ וְיסְּר֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
שוה לאביו בקול ובמראה ובקומה אינו נעשה בן סורר ומורה מאי טעמא דאמר קרא איננו שומע בקלנו מדקול בעינן שוין מראה וקומה נמי בעינן שוין כמאן אזלא הא דתניא בן סורר ומורה לא היה ולא עתיד להיות ולמה נכתב דרוש וקבל שכר
[For there to be such a rebellious son] we require that the father and son be identical in voice and we also require that they be identical in appearance and height. [This is impossible.] The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is that which is taught in a baraita: There has never been a stubborn and rebellious son and there will never be one in the future, as it is impossible to fulfill all the requirements that must be met in order to apply this halakha. And why, then, was the passage relating to a stubborn and rebellious son written in the Torah? So that you may expound upon new understandings of the Torah and reap the reward of that study!
למלך ב"ו שהיה לו שני עבדים והיה אוהבן אהבה גדולה ונתן לזה קב חטין ולזה קב חטין ולכ"א מהן נתן ג"כ אגודה של פשתן הפקח שבהן נטל את הפשתן וארג מפה יפה ונטל את החטין ועשאן סולת ובררה וטחנה ולשה ואפאה וסדרה על השלחן ופרס עליה מפה יפה והניחו עד שבא המלך והטפש שבהן לא עשה כלום. לימים בא המלך לתוך ביתו ואמר להם לשני עבדיו בני הביאו לי מה שנתתי לכם אחד מהן הוציא את הפת של סולת על השולחן ומפה היפה פרוסה עליו ואחד מהן הוציא את החטין בקופה ואגודה של פשתן עליהם אוי לה לאותה בושה ואוי לה לאותה חרפה איזה מהן חביב יותר הוי אומר זה שהוציא פת על השלחן ומפה יפה פרוסה עליו...אלא כשנתן הקב"ה את התורה לישראל לא נתנה להם אלא כחטין להוציא מהן סולת וכפשתן לארוג מהן בגד
There was a human king who had two servants, and he loved them with a great love. And he gave to one a kab (a measure) of wheat and to the other as well a kab of wheat. And he also gave to each one of them a bundle of flax. The wise one of them took the flax and wove a beautiful cloth, and took the wheat and made it into fine flour, and sifted it, and ground it, and kneaded it, and baked it, and set it on the table, and spread the beautiful cloth over it, and left it there until the king should come. And the fool of them did nothing. After some time the king came into his house, and said to them, to his two servants, "My sons, bring to me what I gave you." One of them brought out the bread of fine flour, on the table, with the beautiful cloth spread over it. And the other of them brought out the wheat in a pile and the bundle of flax upon it. Woe for that shameful misunderstanding! Woe for that disgrace! Which one is more favored? You must admit it is the one who brought out the bread on the table with the beautiful cloth spread over it... This is just like when the Holy One Blessed Be God gave the Torah to Israel, it was only given to them as wheat from which to bring forth fine flour [rather than wheat to be left as just wheat], and as flax from which to weave a garment.