Intro: "Whoever has a friend that is in trouble and you may be physically far and and can't help, you should say this perek with the kavanah that it's for your sick friend."
In the perakim it was obvious that the perakim were written by david (first person) but ch. 20 is in second person.
For the leader. A psalm of David.
Even Ezra/Radak/Metzudat David: It was sung by the choir in the mishkan. "For the [choir] leader. A psalm of David [to win the war]."
Even Ezra: when we say it it's to help moshiach, not only dovid, to help in the wars he'll fight.
Rashi: david wrote it to help yoav win the war.
אילמלא דוד לא עשה יואב מלחמה :סנהדרין מט א - Were it not for David, who studied Torah, Joab would not have been able to wage war successfully.
- In this case Mizmor first then Lidavid: he wrote it to get ruach hakodesh.
- Lidavid mizmor: Ruach hakodesh is how he wrote it
(ב) יַֽעַנְךָ֣ ה' בְּי֣וֹם צָרָ֑ה יְ֝שַׂגֶּבְךָ֗ שֵׁ֤ם ׀ אֱלֹקֵ֬י יַעֲקֹֽב׃
This kapital is 9 perakim (excluding the beggining). Which is comparable to a pregnant person [Jewish people/person] cry out to hashem, and He'll answer. A mother [Hashem] who had a fight with the daughter [Jews] even if there was a lot of anger, when the daughter is having pain in childbirth the unconditional love will still show.
Midrash achar tov "בְּי֣וֹם צָרָ֑ה": a father and son a re traveling a long time, the son is inpatient and the father says that when you see a cemetary you'll know we are near our destination (as the outskirts are where the graves are). Nimshal: when you see troubles that means that moshiach is near.
Perek Tzaddik Alpeh "יִקְרָאֵ֨נִי ׀ וְֽאֶעֱנֵ֗הוּ עִמּֽוֹ־אָנֹכִ֥י בְצָרָ֑ה." -When he calls on Me, I will answer him; I will be with him in distress." Hashem will answer, and when we have a downfall he'll have a downfall (for the sake of his honour he should also rescue.)
Point: Things that are great come with great difficulty prior [i.e. birth].
Q) Why yaakov?
- Had the most troubles of all the avos, "the hashem that answered him in all those troubles will answer us."
- All his kids are Jewish, and so to see how Hashem treats specifcaly Jewish people we look at him.
- He also used the word tzarah.
- He wrote meein... izri (from nothing, my help will come) on the way to charan and he went into the water as all his clothe were taken he "looked to the mountains [his forefathers]" when they went to be married they had money. He doesn't even have clothes.
- "Meein": (1)* (2) when I have total humility then I have room for Hashem to reveal Himself fully and give brachos.
Lach Mtoda: Yaakov may be written here with a vov, and there's 5 times this happens and 5 times eliyahu is written elya, without a vov. It is as if he is forcing him to bring moshiach (he sees the tzarah so it's important now).
He wants help straight from hashem.
Before going to war they'd offer karbanos. קָרְבָּ ן = close, you get close to the one you sacrificed to, and אהבה is from the word to give as who you give to you love. So hashem should remember all the time your sacrificed your will to Him, and so too he'll go out of his nature to help you (i.e. even if He wants to punish He won't).
Emunah = Belive hashem could help
Bitachon = Hashem will help you
According to general consensus: whatever hashem does is good (bitachon.)
Rebbe: it's not just faith in hashem's capabilities to do good to you and get you out of trouble (emunah), but that he'll do so in actuality. And with that you'll have peace of mind.*