... כָּל כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים וְקֹהֶלֶת מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, וְקֹהֶלֶת מַחֲלֹקֶת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, קֹהֶלֶת אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם וְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים מַחֲלֹקֶת. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי, מְקֻבָּל אֲנִי מִפִּי שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם זָקֵן, בַּיּוֹם שֶׁהוֹשִׁיבוּ אֶת רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה בַּיְשִׁיבָה, שֶׁשִּׁיר הַשִּׁירִים וְקֹהֶלֶת מְטַמְּאִים אֶת הַיָּדַיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, לֹא נֶחֱלַק אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל עַל שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים שֶׁלֹּא תְטַמֵּא אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, שֶׁאֵין כָּל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ כְדַאי כַּיּוֹם שֶׁנִּתַּן בּוֹ שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁכָּל הַכְּתוּבִים קֹדֶשׁ, וְשִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים...
...All the Holy Scriptures defile the hands. The Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes defile the hands. Rabbi Judah says: the Song of Songs defiles the hands, but there is a dispute about Ecclesiastes. Rabbi Yosei says: Ecclesiastes does not defile the hands, but there is a dispute about the Song of Songs... Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I have received a tradition from the seventy-two elders on the day when they appointed Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah head of the academy that the Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes defile the hands. Rabbi Akiva said: Far be it! No one in Israel disputed the Song of Songs [saying] that it does not defile the hands. For the whole world is not as worthy as the day on which the Song of Songs was given to Israel; for all the writings are holy but the Song of Songs is the holy of holies...
§ The Sages taught: One who reads a verse from Song of Songs and renders it a form of secular song, and not a sacred text, and one who reads any biblical verse at a banquet house, not at its appropriate time, but merely as a song, introduces evil to the world, as the Torah girds itself with sackcloth and stands before the Holy Blessed One and says: Master of the Universe, Your children have rendered me like a harp on which clowns play.

(יד) כד רדף פרעה רשיעא בתר עמא בית ישראל הות מתילא כענשתא דישר ליונתא דסגירא בחגוי טינרא וחויא מעיק לה מיגיו ונצא מעיק לה מברא כדין הות כנשתא דישר סגירתא מארבע סטרי עלמא דמן קדמיהון ימא ומבתריהון סנאה ומסטריהון מדברא [מליא] חיויין קלן דנכתין וקטלין בארסיהון ית בני אנשא מן יד פתחת פומה בצלו קייי ונפקת ברת קלא מן שמי מרומא ואמרת אנא כנשתא דישראל די מתילא ליונתא דכיא ומטמרא בסגירת גוי ובחביוני דריגתא אחזיני ית חזיוניך וית עבדיך תקנין אשמעינני ית קליך ארום קליך מערב בצלותא בבית מקדשא ומחזייך שפיר בעובדין טבין:
(14) And when wicked Pharaoh pursued the people of Israel, the Assembly of Israel was compared to a dove trapped in the clefts of a rock–a snake threatening it from within and a hawk threatening it from without. In the same way, the Assembly of Israel was trapped in all four directions: in front of them was the sea, behind them the enemy pursued, and on either side were wildernesses full of fiery serpents which wound and kill people with their sting. Then immediately the Assembly opened her mouth in prayer before God and an echo came from the heaven above and this is what it said, “You, O Assembly of Israel, who resemble a dove, pure and hiding in the hiding-place of the clefts of the rocks or in the hidden places of the stairs: show me your face and your worthy deeds and let me hear your voice. For your voice is sweet when it prays in the small Temple and your face is beautiful when you perform good deeds.”
Rabbi Yosi opened saying, "The song of songs, which is Solomon's" (Shir Hashirim 1:1). King Solomon was inspired to this song when the Temple was built, and all the worlds above and below were completed in one completion. Even though the friends disagree, but this song was recited whole only when the moon was fully completed, and the Temple was built in the likeness of above. When the Temple was built below, there was no joy before the Holy Blessed One from the day that the world was created, like that day.
This song is a song that includes the whole Torah, a song with which those above and those below became inspired. It is a song which is similar to above, which is the supernal Shabbat, a song that the Supernal Holy Name, becomes crowned by. Therefore, it is the Holy of Holies. What is the reason? Because all its words are in the love and the joy of all, and the Cup of Blessing is given with the right hand. Since it is given with the right hand, then all joy and love are present. Therefore, all its words are with love and with joy. |
- J. Cheryl Exum, “Gendered Love-Talk and the Relation of the Sexes” in The Old Testament Library: Song of Songs
- Ilana Pardes “’I am a Wall, and My Breasts like Towers’: The Song of Songs and the Question of Canonization”, Countertraditions in the Bible: A Feminist Approach, pp. 118-143.