Save "Kohelet 11: A good life"
Kohelet 11: A good life
שלח. יזהיר מי שיש לו שיהיה נדיב ותהיינ׳ ידיו פתוחות למי שיכיר ולמי שאינו מכיר וי״א כי אלו המים הם מימי בריכה ויש שם דגים ואין לנו צורך לפירוש הזה:

Send. It warns someone with means to be generous and open-handed to those he knows and doesn't know. And some explain, the waters are waters of a pool with fish, and we have no use for this explanation.

תֶּן חֵלֶק לְשִׁבְעָה וְגַם לִשְׁמוֹנָה. חִלַּקְתָּ מִלַּחְמְךָ וּמִשְׁתְּךָ לְשִׁבְעָה צְרִיכֵי חֶסֶד, חַלֵּק עוֹד לִשְׁמוֹנָה שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם, וְאַל תֹּאמַר "דָּי":

Contribute to seven and even eight. If you shared your food and your drink with seven who need kindness,5Alternatively, when giving charity, give priority to the needy who are Shabbos observers [=לשבעה], symbolized by the seventh day of the week, Shabbos, over the needy who do not observe Shabbos; and give priority to Jews [=לשבעה], symbolized by the eighth day of circumcision], over non-Jews. (Derech Hachayim) share further with eight more who come after them, and do not say, “Enough.”

כִּי לֹא תֵדַע מַה יִהְיֶה רָעָה. שֶׁמָּא עוֹד בָּאִים וְתִצְטָרֵךְ לְכֻלָּם. אָז תִּנָּצֵל עַל יְדֵי צְדָקָה זוּ מִן הָרָעָה. וְעִם לֹא עַכְשָׁיו, אֵימָתָי?
For you never know what calamity will come. Perhaps days will yet come and you will need [support from] them all. Then you will be saved from the evil by this charity, and if not now, when?

תֶּן חֵלֶק לְשִׁבְעָה וְגַם לִשְׁמוֹנָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר תֶּן חֵלֶק לְשִׁבְעָה, אֵלּוּ שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי שַׁבָּת, הֵיאַךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (מלכים א יח, מד): וַיְהִי בַּשְּׁבִעִית, בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת. וְגַם לִשְׁמוֹנָה, אֵלּוּ שְׁמוֹנַת יְמֵי הַמִּילָה, דִּכְתִיב (מלכים א יח, מב): וַיָּשֶׂם פָּנָיו בֵּין בִּרְכָּו וגו', וְלָמָּה בֵּין בִּרְכָּו, אֶלָּא אָמַר לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם אֲפִלּוּ אֵין בְּיַד בָּנֶיךָ אֶלָּא זְכוּת שְׁתֵּי מִצְווֹת הַלָּלוּ, שַׁבָּת וּמִילָה, כְּדַאי שֶׁתְּרַחֵם עֲלֵיהֶם. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, תֶּן חֵלֶק לְשִׁבְעָה, אֵלּוּ שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הַפֶּסַח. וְגַם לִשְׁמוֹנָה, אֵלּוּ שְׁמוֹנַת יְמֵי הֶחָג.

Give a portion to seven and also to eight, Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua have two interpretations: Rabbi Eliezer says, give a portion to seven, these are the days of the week, as it says, "And it was on the seventh, on the Sabbath." And also to eight, these are the days of the circumcision, as it says: And he put his head between his legs. Why between his legs? He said before God, Master of the Universe, even if your sons only have the merit of these two mitzvot, Shabbat and mila, it is worth having mercy upon them.

קרי עליה (קהלת יא, ג) מקום שיפול העץ שם יהו שם יהו ס"ד אלא שם יהו פירותיו
Upon hearing this, Rabbi Yoḥanan read the following verse about him: “Where the tree falls, there it shall be” (Ecclesiastes 11:3). Does it enter your mind that this means that the tree itself will be there? It is obvious that a fallen tree lands where it falls. Rather, the verse is saying: There its fruits shall be. The verse is a metaphor for a Sage, and its fruits represent his disciples. Rabbi Yoḥanan was intimating that although bar Kappara may have died, Rabbi Tanḥum, his disciple, perpetuates his wisdom.
כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ וְגוֹ'. כַּעֲצָמִים בְּבֶטֶן הַמְלֵאָה. דְּבָרִים הַנִּסְגָּרִים וְהַנֶּעֱצָרִים בְּבֶטֶן שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבּוֹלֶטֶת לְחוּץ. "כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ". הֲרֵי זֶה מִקְרָא מְסוֹרָס, נִדְרָשׁ מִסּוֹפוֹ לְרֹאשׁוֹ. "כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ . . . דֶּרֶךְ הָרוּחַ", כְּלוֹמַר: יְדִיעוֹת שְׁתֵּי אֵלּוּ שָׁווֹת. לֹא זוּ גְלוּיָה לְךָ, וְלֹא זוּ גְלוּיָה לְךָ. פְּעָמִים אַתָּה סָבוּר לְהַכִּיר בֶּעָבִים שֶׁיָּבֹא הָרוּחַ, וְאֵינוֹ בָא כַאן, כִּי עוֹבֵר וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ אֶל אֶרֶץ אַחֶרֶת. וַהֲרֵי לָשׁוֹן זֶה כְּמוֹ: "כְּגַן ה' כְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם": "כַּשִּׁפְחָה כַּגְבִרְתָּהּ" "כַּקּוֹנֶה כַּמּוֹכֵר". וּפְעָמִים שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁוֶה מֻקְדָם לִמְאֻחָר, וּפְעָמִים שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁוֶה מְאֻחָר לְמֻקְדָּם, אַף כַּאן לָמַד יְדִיעַת הָרוּחַ מִידִיעַת הַבֶּטֶן, כְּלוֹמַר: אֵין לְךָ לִשְׁמֹר אֶת הָרוּחַ לִרְאוֹת בֶּעָבִים: (הַגַּהָ"ה: עִנְיָן זֶה הוּא מְסוֹרָס בְּדִבְרֵי רַשִׁ"י וּמְהֻפָּךְ, וּצְרִיכִים לְהַגִּיהַּ כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר הוּא בַּסְּפָרִים הַמְּדֻיָּקִים, וְאָז יוּבַן שַׁפִּיר. וְכַךְ הִיא הַנּוּסְחָא הָאֲמִתִּית:
Just as you do not know, etc., nor the nature of that which is hidden in the womb of her that is with child. Things closed in and confined in the womb which is full, and even though it protrudes outward, “just as you do not know [the way of the wind].” This is a transposed verse, expounded from its end to its beginning. “Just as you do not know the way of the wind,” i.e., the knowledge of both these things is equal, neither is one revealed to you, nor is the other revealed to you, for sometimes you think that you know by the clouds that the wind will come, and it does not come here, but it passes and goes away to another land. This expression is similar to, “like the garden of Adonoy, like the land of Egypt,”12Bereishis 13:10. [and] “as with the maidservant, so with her mistress,”13Yeshayahu 24:2. [and] “as with the buyer so with the seller.”14Ibid. Sometimes it [Scripture] compares the former to the latter, and sometimes it compares the latter to the former. Here too, it teaches the knowledge of the wind from the knowledge of the womb, i.e., you should not await the wind by looking at the clouds. (Gloss: This matter is transposed in Rashi’s words, and it is in the opposite order. We must therefore, emend it as it is in exact editions, and then it will be understood well, and the following is the authentic version:
מתניתין דלאו כרבי יהושע דתניא רבי יהושע אומר נשא אדם אשה בילדותו ישא אשה בזקנותו היו לו בנים בילדותו יהיו לו בנים בזקנותו שנא' (קהלת יא, ו) בבקר זרע את זרעך ולערב אל תנח ידך כי אינך יודע אי זה יכשר הזה או זה ואם שניהם כאחד טובים
§ The Gemara comments: The mishna is not in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua. As it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehoshua says: If a man married a woman in his youth, and she passed away, he should marry another woman in his old age. If he had children in his youth, he should have more children in his old age, as it is stated: “In the morning sow your seed, and in the evening do not withhold your hand; for you do not know which shall prosper, whether this or that, or whether they both alike shall be good” (Ecclesiastes 11:6). This verse indicates that a man should continue having children even after he has fulfilled the mitzva to be fruitful and multiply.
ר"ע אומר למד תורה בילדותו ילמוד תורה בזקנותו היו לו תלמידים בילדותו יהיו לו תלמידים בזקנותו שנא' בבקר זרע את זרעך וגו' אמרו שנים עשר אלף זוגים תלמידים היו לו לרבי עקיבא מגבת עד אנטיפרס וכולן מתו בפרק אחד מפני שלא נהגו כבוד זה לזה
Rabbi Akiva says that the verse should be understood as follows: If one studied Torah in his youth he should study more Torah in his old age; if he had students in his youth he should have additional students in his old age, as it is stated: “In the morning sow your seed, etc.” They said by way of example that Rabbi Akiva had twelve thousand pairs of students in an area of land that stretched from Gevat to Antipatris in Judea, and they all died in one period of time, because they did not treat each other with respect.
והיה העולם שמם עד שבא ר"ע אצל רבותינו שבדרום ושנאה להם ר"מ ור' יהודה ור' יוסי ורבי שמעון ורבי אלעזר בן שמוע והם הם העמידו תורה אותה שעה
And the world was desolate of Torah until Rabbi Akiva came to our Rabbis in the South and taught his Torah to them. This second group of disciples consisted of Rabbi Meir, Rabbi Yehuda, Rabbi Yosei, Rabbi Shimon, and Rabbi Elazar ben Shamua. And these are the very ones who upheld the study of Torah at that time. Although Rabbi Akiva’s earlier students did not survive, his later disciples were able to transmit the Torah to future generations.
ואמר רבי יצחק מאי דכתיב כי הילדות והשחרות הבל דברים שאדם עושה בילדותו משחירים פניו לעת זקנתו
And Rabbi Yitzḥak said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “For childhood and youth [shaḥarut] are vanity” (Ecclesiastes 11:10)? Sinful things that a person does in his youth darken [mashḥirim] his face with shame as he grows old (Rabbi Yoshiya Pinto).
ECCLESIASTES 11:1
By Richard Wilbur
The New Yorker, March 15, 2010
We must cast our bread
Upon the waters, as the
Ancient preacher said,
Trusting that it may
Amply be restored to us
After many a day.
That old metaphor,
Drawn from rice farming on the
River’s flooded shore,
Helps us to believe
That it’s no great sin to give,
Hoping to receive.
Therefore I shall throw
Broken bread, this sullen day,
Out across the snow,
Betting crust and crumb
That birds will gather, and that
One more spring will come.
Ecclesiastes
G.K. Chesterton
There is one sin: to call a green leaf gray,
Whereat the sun in heaven shuddereth.
There is one blasphemy: for death to pray,
For God alone knoweth the praise of death.

There is one creed: ’’neath no world-terror’s wing
Apples forget to grow on apple-trees.
There is one thing is needful everything
The rest is vanity of vanities.
Poem on Youth and Old Age.
Anonymous
Light is sweet! and it is pleasant for the eyes to see the sun. However many years mortals may live, let them, as they enjoy them all, remember that the days of darkness will be many. All that is to come is vanity.
Rejoice, O youth, while you are young
and let your heart be glad in the days of your youth.
Follow the ways of your heart,
the vision of your eyes;
Yet understand regarding all this
that God will bring you to judgment.
Banish misery from your heart
and remove pain from your body,
for youth and black hair are fleeting.