Love Yourself More than Your Neighbor: Universalism vs. Particularism

ירושלמי נדרים ל:

ואהבת לרעך כמוך ר' עקיבה או' זהו כלל גדול בתורה בן עזאי אומ' זה ספר תולדות אדם זה כלל גדול מזה

Yerushalmi, Nedarim 30B

Rabbi Akiva taught: "Love your neighbor as yourself." (Leviticus, 19) This is the most important rule in the Torah. Ben Azzai says: "This is the book of chronologies of Adam" (Genesis, 5) This is a bigger principle than this.

שנים שהיו מהלכין בדרך וביד אחד מהן קיתון של מים אם שותין שניהם מתים ואם שותה אחד מהן מגיע לישוב דרש בן פטורא מוטב שישתו שניהם וימותו ואל יראה אחד מהם במיתתו של חבירו עד שבא ר' עקיבא ולימד וחי אחיך עמך חייך קודמים לחיי חבירך

Two people are travelling along the way, and one of them has in his possession a flask of water. If both drink from it, they will both die. However, if only one of them drinks, he will be able to make it out of the desert. Ben Petura expounded, “It is better that both should drink and die that that one should witness the death of his fellow.” Then Rabbi Akiva came and taught, “‘Your brother shall live with you’ (Vayikra 25:36) — your life comes first, before the life of your friend.

(יד) הוא היה אומר, חביב אדם שנברא בצלם .חבה יתרה נודעת לו שנברא בצלם, שנאמר (בראשית ט), כי בצלם אלהים עשה את האדם.חביבין ישראל שנקראו בנים למקום.חבה יתרה נודעת להם שנקראו בנים למקום, שנאמר (דברים יד), בנים אתם לה' אלהיכם.חביבין ישראל, שנתן להם כלי חמדה.חבה יתרה נודעת להם שנתן להם כלי חמדה שבו נברא העולם, שנאמר (משלי ד), כי לקח טוב נתתי לכם, תורתי אל תעזבו.

(14) He (Rabbi Akiva) would say: Beloved is humankind, since it is created in the image [of God]. A deeper love - it is revealed to him that he is created in the image, as it says (Genesis 9:6) "for in God's image He made humankind." Beloved are Israel, since they are called children of God. A deeper love - it is revealed to them that they are called children to God, as it says (Deuteronomy 14:1) "You are children of the Lord your God." Beloved are Israel, since a precious instrument has been given to them. A deeper love - it is revealed to them that the precious instrument of the world's creation has been given to them, as it says (Proverbs 4:2) "For a good lesson I have given to you; do not forsake my teaching."

מעיין של בני העיר חייהן וחיי אחרים חייהן קודמין לחיי אחרים בהמתם [ובהמת אחרים בהמתם] קודמת לבהמת אחרים כביסתן וכביסת אחרים כביסתן קודמת לכביסת אחרים חיי אחרים וכביסתן חיי אחרים קודמין לכביסתן רבי יוסי אומר כביסתן קודמת לחיי אחרים השתא כביסה אמר רבי יוסי יש בה צער

A spring belongs to the residents of the city, so if it comes to their lives against the lives of others, their lives come first, before the lives of others. If they must choose between their own animals and the animals of others, their own animals come first, before the animals of others. If they must choose between their own laundering and the laundering of others, their own laundering comes first, before the laundering of others If, however, they must choose between the lives of others and their own laundering, the lives of others come first, before their own laundering. However, Rabbi Yosei says that their own laundering comes first, before the lives of others.

(ב) ...וכל ישראל והנלוה עליהם כאחים הם שנאמר בנים אתם לה' אלהיכם ואם לא ירחם האח על האח מי ירחם עליו

(2) ...All of Israel and all who are attached to them are like brothers as it says "Ye are the children of the LORD your God" and if a brother will not have compassion for his brother, who will have compassion for him?

"In short, 'universal love' isn't love at all. Because love means preference. The kind of love that means anything, the kind of love we all really want, and need and live for, the kind of love that is worth anything to anyone--that is worth everything to everyone--is love that by its very nature, by its very definition, distinguishes and prefers." Ze'ev Maghen, 'Imagine: On Love and Lennon," Azure, Spring 1999