(26) Then God said to Moses, “Hold out your arm over the sea, that the waters may come back upon the Egyptians and upon their chariots and upon their horsemen.” (27) Moses held out his arm over the sea, and at daybreak the sea returned to its normal state, and the Egyptians fled at its approach. But God hurled the Egyptians into the sea. (28) The waters turned back and covered the chariots and the horsemen: Pharaoh’s entire army that had followed them into the sea, to the last man.
לא נשאר בהם עד אחד, “to the last man.” The word עד is sometimes used as an inclusive statement whereas other times it is used as exclusion, i.e. in this instance the meaning is that only a single Egyptian survived this drowning. The survivor was Pharaoh himself. ... The Torah refers to all of Pharaoh’s soldiers having perished. Pharaoh himself was forced to survive and bear the disgrace of his defeat.
Pirke D'Rabbi Eliezer 43
(4) Jonah started out and made his way into the city the distance of one day’s walk, and proclaimed: “Forty days more, and Nineveh shall be overthrown!” (5) The people of Nineveh believed God. They proclaimed a fast, and great and small alike put on sackcloth. (6) When the news reached the king of Nineveh, he rose from his throne, took off his robe, put on sackcloth, and sat in ashes. (7) And he had the word cried through Nineveh: “By decree of the king and his nobles: No man or beast — of flock or herd — shall taste anything! They shall not graze, and they shall not drink water! (8) They shall be covered with sackcloth — man and beast — and shall cry mightily to God. Let everyone turn back from their evil ways and from the injustice of which they are guilty. (9) Who knows but that God may turn and relent? God may turn back from wrath, so that we do not perish.”
Pirke D'Rabbi Eliezer 43
(1) This displeased Jonah greatly, and he was grieved. (2) He prayed to the Eternal, saying, “O God! Isn’t this just what I said when I was still in my own country? That is why I fled beforehand to Tarshish! For I know that You are a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in kindness, renouncing punishment. (3) Please, God, take my life, for I would rather die than live!”
(6) The Eternal passed before him and proclaimed: “Adonai! Adonai! God is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in kindness and faithfulness, (7) extending kindness to the thousandth generation, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin; yet God does not remit all punishment, but visits the iniquity of parents upon their children and their children’s children, upon the third and fourth generations.”
[And God said:] "Should not I care about the great city of Nineveh, in which there are more than a hundred and twenty thousand persons who do not yet know their right hand from their left, and many beasts as well!?"