(18) The LORD God said, “It is not good for man to be alone; I will make a fitting helper for him.”
(ט) אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר אַמֵּי, מִתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם נִתְאַוֶּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַעֲשׂוֹת שֻׁתָּפוּת בַּתַּחְתּוֹנִים, מַה נַּפְשָׁךְ, אִם לְעִנְיַן הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן, לֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לְמֵימַר אֶלָּא אֶחָד, שְׁנַיִם, שְׁלֹשָׁה, אוֹ רִאשׁוֹן, שֵׁנִי, וּשְׁלִישִׁי. שֶׁמָּא אֶחָד, שֵׁנִי, שְׁלִישִׁי, אֶתְמְהָא. אֵימָתַי פָּרַע לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, לְהַלָּן בַּהֲקָמַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ז, יב): וַיְהִי הַמַּקְרִיב בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן אֶת קָרְבָּנוֹ, רִאשׁוֹן לִבְרִיָּתוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כְּאִלּוּ בְּאוֹתוֹ יוֹם בָּרָאתִי אֶת עוֹלָמִי. תָּנֵי עֶשֶׂר עֲטָרוֹת נָטַל אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם, רִאשׁוֹן לְמַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית, רִאשׁוֹן לִמְלָכִים, רִאשׁוֹן לִנְשִׂיאִים, רִאשׁוֹן לִכְהֻנָּה, רִאשׁוֹן לַשְּׁכִינָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כה, ח): וְעָשׂוּ לִי מִקְדָּשׁ, רִאשׁוֹן לִבְרָכָה, רִאשׁוֹן לָעֲבוֹדָה, רִאשׁוֹן לְאִסּוּר הַבָּמָה, רִאשׁוֹן לִשְׁחִטָּה בַּצָּפוֹן, רִאשׁוֹן לִירִידַת הָאֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא י, ב): וַתֵּצֵא אֵשׁ מִלִּפְנֵי ה' וגו'.
(9) Said Rabbi Shmuel bar Ami - from the beginning of Creation the Holy One of Blessing desired to have partnership with the beings in the lower realm. How can you say this? If it was just a question of the accounting [of days] it only needed to say "one, two, three" OR "first, second, third" - this is indeed surprising, since [the account of creation beginning with] one and then second and third. When did the Holy One of Blessing solve this? In the setting up of the Mishkan, as it says: "And the gifter, on the first day, his offering" - this is the first of the creation of the world. Said the Holy One of Blessing: it is as if on that day I created My world. It is taught: twelve tiaras [measures of beauty] that day received - it was first for the creation of the world, first for kings, first for princes, first for the kohanim, first for the Shechinah, as it says (Ex. 25:8) 'And they shall make Me a sanctuary", first for blessing, first for worship, first for forbidden animals, first for laws of slaughtering on the north, first for lowering of fire, as it is said (Lev. 9:24): 'And a fire came forth from God etc'
(21) At that time, when Mordecai was sitting in the palace gate, Bigthan and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs who guarded the threshold, became angry, and plotted to do away with King Ahasuerus. (22) Mordecai learned of it and told it to Queen Esther, and Esther reported it to the king in Mordecai’s name. (23) The matter was investigated and found to be so, and the two were impaled on stakes. This was recorded in the book of annals at the instance of the king.
(1) That very day King Ahasuerus gave the property of Haman, the enemy of the Jews, to Queen Esther. Mordecai presented himself to the king, for Esther had revealed how he was related to her. (2) The king slipped off his ring, which he had taken back from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai; and Esther put Mordecai in charge of Haman’s property. (3) Esther spoke to the king again, falling at his feet and weeping, and beseeching him to avert the evil plotted by Haman the Agagite against the Jews. (4) The king extended the golden scepter to Esther, and Esther arose and stood before the king. (5) “If it please Your Majesty,” she said, “and if I have won your favor and the proposal seems right to Your Majesty, and if I am pleasing to you—let dispatches be written countermanding those which were written by Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, embodying his plot to annihilate the Jews throughout the king’s provinces. (6) For how can I bear to see the disaster which will befall my people! And how can I bear to see the destruction of my kindred!” (7) Then King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther and Mordecai the Jew, “I have given Haman’s property to Esther, and he has been impaled on the stake for scheming against the Jews. (8) And you may further write with regard to the Jews as you see fit. [Write it] in the king’s name and seal it with the king’s signet, for an edict that has been written in the king’s name and sealed with the king’s signet may not be revoked.”
(14) And when, throughout the ages, a stranger who has taken up residence with you, or one who lives among you, would present an offering by fire of pleasing odor to the LORD—as you do, so shall it be done by (15) the rest of the congregation. There shall be one law for you and for the resident stranger; it shall be a law for all time throughout the ages. You and the stranger shall be alike before the LORD; (16) the same ritual and the same rule shall apply to you and to the stranger who resides among you.
דרך ארץ זוטא א:כ״ט
אם הטיבות הרבה, יהי בעיניך מעט, ואמור לא משלי הטיבותי אלא ממה שהטיבו לי.
Derech Eretz Zuta, 1:29
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If you did someone a great favor, regard it as small, and say, 'I did not do this good act with my own money; rather it was from the good that others have done for me.” |
(ז) שְׁמוֹנֶה מַעֲלוֹת יֵשׁ בַּצְּדָקָה זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ. מַעֲלָה גְּדוֹלָה שֶׁאֵין לְמַעְלָה מִמֶּנָּה זֶה הַמַּחֲזִיק בְּיַד יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁמָּךְ וְנוֹתֵן לוֹ מַתָּנָה אוֹ הַלְוָאָה אוֹ עוֹשֶׂה עִמּוֹ שֻׁתָּפוּת אוֹ מַמְצִיא לוֹ מְלָאכָה כְּדֵי לְחַזֵּק אֶת יָדוֹ עַד שֶׁלֹּא יִצְטָרֵךְ לַבְּרִיּוֹת לִשְׁאל. וְעַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר (ויקרא כה לה) "וְהֶחֱזַקְתָּ בּוֹ גֵּר וְתוֹשָׁב וָחַי עִמָּךְ" כְּלוֹמַר הַחֲזֵק בּוֹ עַד שֶׁלֹּא יִפּל וְיִצְטָרֵךְ:
(7) There are eight levels of tzedakah, each one greater than the other. The greatest level, higher than all the rest, is to fortify a fellow Jew and give him a gift, a loan, form with him a partnership, or find work for him, until he is strong enough so that he does not need to ask others [for sustenance]. Of this it is said, (Lev. 25:35) [If your kinsman, being in straits, comes under your authority,] and you hold him as though a resident alien, let him live by your side. That is as if to say, "Hold him up," so that he will not fall and be in need.
Rabbi Akiva continued: And do not enter your house suddenly, without knocking first; all the more so do not enter the house of another, as he might not be ready to receive you. And do not withhold shoes from your feet, as it is disgraceful to go barefoot. Wake up and eat, in the summer due to the heat, as it is best to eat before it grows hot, and in the winter due to the strength you will need to tolerate the cold. And make your Shabbat like a weekday and do not be beholden to other beings. And exert yourself to join together with a person upon whom the hour smiles, i.e., a successful person. Rav Pappa said in explanation of this last statement: Do not buy from him and do not sell to him. If he is the beneficiary of good fortune, he will profit from any business transaction and you will suffer from it. Rather, form a partnership with him. And now we have heard that Rav Shmuel bar Yitzḥak said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “You have blessed the work of his hands” (Job 1:10)? This means that anyone who took a peruta from Job would be blessed, even if he received it via a business transaction. This shows that one should engage in business with a person who is blessed, for even if he wishes to buy from him or to sell to him it is well, i.e., he will share in the good fortune of the other.
As no part of the date palm is useless--the dates for food, the branches (lulav) for praise, the fronds for covering (a sukkah), the fibers for ropes, the leaves for dieves, the planed trunks as rafters for the roof of a home--so too no part of Israel is useless. Some have mastery of the Bible, some have mastery over the Mishnah, some have mastery over Midrash, some are doers of good deeds, some are givers of Tzedakah, etc. [translation by AJWS]
If one sees that his friend wishes to enter into partnership with someone, and he feels that he will certainly be harmed by this, he must tell him to rescue him from that harm, but the following five conditions must be met:
They are: a) He must be careful not to immediately conclude that harm will result, but must reflect carefully from the beginning to see if the result will, indeed, be harmful.
b) He must not exaggerate the matter to be worse than it actually is.
c) His intent must be for benefit only; that is, to remove the harm from the first, and not because he hates the other.
(And in this third condition, we shall include yet another matter — that aside from his intending benefit and not being motivated by hatred, he must first reflect as to whether benefit will actually sprout from this — as opposed to what happens very often, that even if tells him, he will not listen to him, but will enter into partnership with him, and afterwards, when his partner angers him with something, he will tell him: "He was right when he told me not to become your partner," and the like. For such people, whom he recognizes to possess this evil trait of rechiluth, no heter is conceivable, for it makes these blind men stumble in the absolute negative commandment of rechiluth.)
d) If he can effect this benefit [in some other way] without having to speak badly of the other, he should do so.
e) All this is permitted only if absolute harm will not come to the one spoken of because of what is said about him. That is, they are not permitted to do him any positive harm, but only to deprive him of the good that might have come to him from the partnership. Even though [even] this is bad for him, in any event it is permitted. But if absolute harm comes to him because of what is said about him, it is forbidden to speak about him; for this would require other conditions, as will be explained below, the L–rd willing, in sections 5 and 6. And how much more so [is it forbidden] if he sees that his story would cause the subject great harm, more than the din prescribes (viz. below, section 5).
תניא אידך בזמן שהצבור שרוי בצער אל יאמר אדם אלך לביתי ואוכל ואשתה ושלום עליך נפשי... אלא יצער אדם עם הצבור שכן מצינו במשה רבינו שציער עצמו עם הצבור שנאמר (שמות יז, יב) וידי משה כבדים ויקחו אבן וישימו תחתיו וישב עליה וכי לא היה לו למשה כר אחת או כסת אחת לישב עליה אלא כך אמר משה הואיל וישראל שרויין בצער אף אני אהיה עמהם בצער וכל המצער עצמו עם הצבור זוכה ורואה בנחמת צבור.
A different teaching: At the time that the community is encompassed by trouble, a person should not say, "I will go to my own house and eat and drink and peace to you, my soul." ...Rather, a person should suffer with the community, as we find with Moses, our teacher, who caused himself to suffer with his congregation. As it says (Exodus 17:12): "But Moses' hands grew heavy, so they took a stone and put it under him and he sat on it..." And did Moses not have a single pillow or mattress to sit on?? Rather, this is what Moses said: Since the Israelites are suffering (at war), I will be with them in their suffering. And anyone who suffers with the community will merit to enjoy comforting times with the community in the future.