Introduction to Halachah - Class IV Hilchot Shemini Atzeret - Part I

(א) לֵיל שְׁמִינִי אוֹמֵר בַּתְּפִלָּה: וַתִּתֶּן לָנוּ אֶת יוֹם שְׁמִינִי חַג הָעֲצֶרֶת הַזֶּה. הַגָּה: וְאָנוּ נוֹהֲגִין שֶׁאֵין אוֹמְרִים חַג בַּשְּׁמִינִי, דְּלֹא מָצִינוּ בְּשׁוּם מָקוֹם שֶׁנִּקְרָא חַג, אֶלָּא אוֹמְרִים יוֹם שְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת (מִנְהָגִים).

On the Eighth night say in the Amidah: "You have given us the Eighth Day, Festival of Sh'mni Atzeret.

And our custom is NOT to say the Eighth day is "Festival", for it is never referred to in that way. Instead we say "Sh'mini Atzeret."

  1. What is this disagreement between Karo and Isserles all about?
  2. What might be informing this confusion?

(לה) בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֑דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ (לו) שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַה' בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֡י מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה לַֽה' עֲצֶ֣רֶת הִ֔וא כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃

(35) The first day shall be a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations; (36) seven days you shall bring offerings by fire to the Lord. On the eighth day you shall observe a sacred occasion and bring an offering by fire to the Lord; it is a solemn gathering: you shall not work at your occupations.

  1. How do you think the Biblical text informs the Machloket between Rabbis Isserles and Karo?
A bit of Agaddah on the matter...

(א) עצרת הוא. עצרתי אתכם אצלי כמלך שזמן את בניו לסעודה לכך וכך ימים, כיון שהגיע זמנן להפטר אמר בני בבקשה מכם, עכבו עמי עוד יום אחד, קשה עלי פרידתכם:

a solemn gathering [i.e., God says to Israel,] “I have detained you [to remain] with Me.” This is analogous to a king who invited his sons to feast with him for a certain number of days, and when the time came for them to leave, he said: “My sons! Please, stay with me just one more day, [for] it is difficult for me to part with you!” [Similarly, after the seven days of Succoth, God “detains” Israel for one extra holy day.]

א"ר אליעזר הני שבעים פרים כנגד מי? כנגד שבעים אומות

פר יחידי למה?

כנגד אומה יחידה

משל למלך בשר ודם שאמר לעבדיו עשו לי סעודה גדולה ליום אחרון אמר לאוהבו עשה לי סעודה קטנה כדי שאהנה ממך

R. Elazar stated: These seventy bulls [that were offered during the seven days of the Festival], to what do they correspond? To the seventy nations. To what does the single bull [of the Eighth Day] correspond? To the unique nation.This may be compared to a flesh and blood king who said to his servants, “Prepare for me a great banquet”; but on the last day he said to his beloved friend, “Prepare for me a simple meal that I may have the pleasure of being with you.”
  1. What are each of these sources using as an אסמכתא to found their midrash upon?
  2. What is unique to each of these readings?

שבעים פרים - פרי החג שבעים הם, חוץ משל שמיני, כנגד שבעים אומות, לכפר עליהם שירדו גשמים בכל העולם לפי שנידונין בחג על המים:

פר יחידי - של שמיני:

שאהנה ממך - אין לי הנייה וקורת רוח בשל אלו אלא בשלך:

Seventy bulls: Bulls of The Holiday are seventy, excluding that of (the) Eight(h Day), (which) refers to The Seventy Nations, to atone for them, so that rain will fall in all the world, for we judgment is passed on Holiday as to water.

the Single bull: of (the) Eight(h) day

have the pleasure of being with you: I have no pleasure or "cooling of the spirit" = comfort, from those only from yours.

  1. What do you think of Rashi's conception of the relationship between God and all people/God and the Jewish people presented here?
  2. What surprises you about it?

תניא כוותי' דרב נחמן: "שמיני

It has been taught in agreement with R. Nahman, The Eighth Day

רגל בפני עצמו לענין פז"ר קש"ב." פייס בפני עצמו, זמן בפני עצמו, רגל בפני עצמו, קרבן בפני עצמו, שירה בפני עצמו, ברכה בפני עצמו:

is a separate festival with regard to P’Z’R’ K’SH’B': with regard to drawing lots (p) it is a separate festival, with regard to the blessing of the season it is a separate festival (z), with regard to the nature of the festival it is a separate festival (r), with regard to its sacrifice it is a separate festival (k), with regard to its psalm it is a separate festival (sh), and with regard to its blessing it is a separate festival (b).

  1. According to this Baraita how would you characterize Shemini Atzeret?
  2. Try to DEFINE each of the 6 ways Shemini Atzeret stands alone?
  3. See Rashi on drawing lots and I Chronicles 23-25 on the Mishmarot.
  4. Discuss Rashi on "רגל בפני עצמו" vs. Rif, Rabbeinu Hananel, etc. (as quoted by Steinsaltz, p. 200.

פייס בפני עצמו - שבכל פרי החג לא היו מטילין פייס איזה משמר יקריב, לפי שבסדר היו מקריבין אותן, עד שכל כ"ד משמרות שונות ומשלשות בהן חוץ משתים ,[כדאמרי' בהחליל (לקמן דף נה:)] ופר דשמיני בתחילה(?) מפייסין עליו:

with regard to drawing lots: In regard to all of the bulls offered on Sukkot they did not draw lots (to see who would bring the sacrifice) for there was a set order as to who would bring them, until all 24 Mishmarot had brought 2 and 3 bulls, except for two groups. However, in regard to the single bull offered on Shmini Atzeret, at the opening of the Festival, they drew lots (to decide who should bring it).

(יח) לִדְלָיָ֙הוּ֙ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֔ים לְמַֽעַזְיָ֖הוּ אַרְבָּעָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ (פ) (יט) אֵ֣לֶּה פְקֻדָּתָ֞ם לַעֲבֹדָתָ֗ם לָב֤וֹא לְבֵית־ה' כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֲבִיהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔הוּ ה' אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (פ)
(18) the three and twentieth to Delaiah, the four and twentieth to Maaziah. (19) These were the orderings of them in their service, to come into the house of the LORD according to the ordinance given unto them by the hand of Aaron their father, as the LORD, the God of Israel, had commanded him.
מתני׳ ההלל והשמחה שמונה כיצד מלמד שחייב אדם בהלל ובשמחה ובכבוד יום טוב האחרון של חג כשאר כל ימות החג:
The Hallel and rejoicing are on all eight days: How is this so? This teaches that one is obligated for the Hallel, for rejoicing and for honoring the festival on the last day, just as he is on all the other days of the festival.
  1. NOW what do you think Shemini Atzeret is???
  2. What can we make of this?