Mishloach Manot: Who gives and who sends?

(יט) עַל־כֵּ֞ן הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים הפרוזים [הַפְּרָזִ֗ים] הַיֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַפְּרָזוֹת֒ עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר שִׂמְחָ֥ה וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ מָנ֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ (פ)

(19) That is why village Jews, who live in unwalled towns, observe the fourteenth day of the month of Adar and make it a day of merrymaking and feasting, and as a holiday and an occasion for sending gifts to one another.

,The Megillah says “send a gift” not “give a gift”. This implies that the mitzvah is to send a gift to someone else indirectly rather than literally handing it to them. So how can we fulfill the Mitzvah of Mishloach Manot through another person?

The Chotem Sofer comments on Talmud Gittin 22b that this mitzvah can be fulfilled through anyone.

(ד) חייב לשלוח לחבירו שתי מנות בשר או של מיני אוכלים שנאמר ומשלוח מנות איש לרעהו שתי מנות לאיש אחד וכל המרבה לשלוח לריעים משובח ואם אין לו מחליף עם חבירו זה שולח לזה סעודתו וזה שולח לזה סעודתו כדי לקיים ומשלוח מנות איש לרעהו: הגה ויש לשלוח מנות ביום ולא בלילה (מדברי הרא"ש פ"ק דמגילה) ואם שולח מנות לרעהו והוא אינו רוצה לקבלם או מוחל לו יצא ואשה חייבת במתנות לאביונים ומשלוח מנות כאיש. ואשה תשלח לאשה ואיש לאיש אבל לא בהיפך שלא יבא איש לשלוח לאלמנה ויבואו לידי ספק קידושין אבל במתנות לאביונים אין לחוש:

(4) One must send to his fellow two portions of meat, or foodstuffs, as it says (Esther 9:19) "And send portions, man to his fellow." Two portions to one man [is the obligation]. And anyone who send more to his fellows is praiseworthy. If he has none, he can trade with his fellow, this one sending to that one his meal, and this one sending to that one his meal, so that they can fulfill "And send portions, man to his fellow." Rama: And some send the portions during the day and not at night (from the Rosh, first chapter of [Bavli] Megilla). And if one sends portions to his fellow, but he doesn't want to accept them, or he forgives him [his obligation], he fulfills [his obligation nonetheless]. And a woman is obligated in [sending] portions to the destitute and sending portions [to one's fellows] like a man is. A woman sends to a woman, a man to a man. But not the other way, so that a man does not come to send it to a widow, and it will come to a possibility of kiddushin [having been enacted]. But portions to the destitute one should not worry [about this possibility].

וְכֵן חַיָּב אָדָם לִשְׁלֹחַ שְׁתֵּי מְנוֹת בָּשָׂר אוֹ שְׁנֵי מִינֵי תַּבְשִׁיל אוֹ שְׁנֵי מִינֵי אֳכָלִין לַחֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (אסתר ט יט) "וּמִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ", שְׁתֵּי מָנוֹת לְאִישׁ אֶחָד. וְכָל הַמַּרְבֶּה לִשְׁלֹחַ לְרֵעִים מְשֻׁבָּח. וְאִם אֵין לוֹ מַחֲלִיף עִם חֲבֵרוֹ זֶה שׁוֹלֵחַ לְזֶה סְעֵדָּתוֹ וְזֶה שׁוֹלֵחַ לְזֶה סְעֵדָּתוֹ כְּדֵי לְקַיֵּם וּמִשְׁלוֹחַ מָנוֹת אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ:

And similarly a a person is obligated to send two portions of meat or two types of cooked food or two types of food to his friend, as it says (Esther 9:22) "and send portions one man to another" two portions to one man. And all that increase to send to others is praiseworthy. And if he has no [money] he should exchange with his friend: this one sends to this his meal and this one sends to this his meal in order to fulfill (Esther 9:22) "and send portions one man to another".

The Mishnah Torah says on Purim that a man fulfills the obligation of mishloach Manot even if they are poor. They may exchange Mishloach Manot rather than just one gives it one receives. Instead of one it also says that the minimum requirement is to send two items to one person, but all who do more are praiseworthy. This teaches us that although we fulfill the obligation by just delivering one Mishloach Manot, it is best to do more.

(יד) ואשה חייבת. לא ראיתי נזהרין בזה ואפשר דדוקא באלמנה אבל אשה שיש לה בעל בעל' משלח בשבילה לכמה בני אדם ומ"מ יש להחמיר:

(כה) (כה) ואשה חייבת וכו' - שכולן היו באותו הנס וצריכה היא לשמוח ולשמח לב אביונים וכתיב קימו וקיבלו היהודים וגו' וגם נשים בכלל. וכתב המ"א לא ראיתי נזהרין בזה ואפשר דוקא באלמנה אבל אשה שיש לה בעל בעלה משלח בשבילה לכמה אנשים ומ"מ יש להחמיר:

Both the Magen Avraham and Mishna Brurah discuss the obligation of a woman. It is a question whether a married woman can fulfill the obligation through her husband or not. However, the sources state that a widow must perform the mitzvah for herself. Both sources agree that women were present in the miracle and played a role in the miracle, so they are obligated. The question is how they fulfill this obligation.

אביי בר אבין ור' חנינא בר אבין מחלפי סעודתייהו להדדי
The Gemara relates that Abaye bar Avin and Rabbi Ḥanina bar Avin would exchange their meals with each other to fulfill their obligation of sending portions on Purim.