ברוך אתה ה' אלק
ינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו להדליק נר של שבת (הקודש).
The standard blessing
Blessed are You, God, Ruler of the Universe who has sanctified us with his commandments and has commanded us to light the light of (the holy} Shabbat.
ויצא אמר ליה שאני אומר הדלקת נר בשבת חובה
Rava said to him: Because I say that kindling Shabbat lights is an obligation, and one is required to eat specifically by that light in deference to Shabbat.
(ו) עַל שָׁלשׁ עֲבֵרוֹת נָשִׁים מֵתוֹת בִּשְׁעַת לֵדָתָן, עַל שֶׁאֵינָן זְהִירוֹת בַּנִּדָּה וּבַחַלָּה וּבְהַדְלָקַת הַנֵּר:
(6) Women die in childbirth for three transgressions: If they are not careful with [the laws] of menstruation; and if they are not careful [to separate some] dough [when baking to give to the priest]; and if they are not careful with the lighting of the [Shabbat] lamp.
(ז) שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים צָרִיךְ אָדָם לוֹמַר בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת עִם חֲשֵׁכָה. עִשַּׂרְתֶּם. עֵרַבְתֶּם. הַדְלִיקוּ אֶת הַנֵּר.
(7) At dusk on the eve of shabbat, a man must make three statements: Have you separated the tithe? Have you prepared the Eruv? Light the lamp!
וּמִפְּנֵי מָה נִתַּן לָהּ מִצְוַת נֵר שַׁבָּת, אָמַר לָהֶן עַל יְדֵי שֶׁכִּבְּתָה נִשְׁמָתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, לְפִיכָךְ נִתַּן לָהּ מִצְוַת נֵר שַׁבָּת.
"And why was the mitzvah of lighting the Shabbat lamp given to her?" He said to them: "Because she extinguished the soul of Adam the first human." And therefore He gave her the mitzvah of the lamp of Shabbat.
וכן א' ר' יהודאי זכ' אד' וג' לברכה, כל ברכה שאינה בתלמוד אסור לכרך אותה ואסור להוסיף אות אחת.
It is forbidden to say a paratalmudic blessing - Pirkoi ben Baboi
“This is what R. Yehuda said, may our master's memory be a blessing: It is forbidden to recite any blessing that is not in the Talmud or even to add a single letter."
קבל מגיב אלשמס יום אלגמעה יגב אן נסרג סראגא כל סבת ואכתרנא יברך עליה להדליק נר השבת
Siddur Saadia Gaon
Before sunset on Friday, one is obligated to light a candle for shabbat. And most of us bless on it "to light the candle for shabbat."
ומדליק נר של שבת צריך לברך. ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו להדליק נר של שבת. ומה טעם. כיון דחובה היא.
Seder Rav Amram
One who lights a shabbat lamp needs to recite a blessing: "Blessed are You, God.. Regular blessing." What is the reason? Because it is an obligation, as we said (bShab 25b:) “the lighting of a shabbat candle is an obligation, as Rabbi Yehudah said that Shmuel said, ‘the lighting of a candle on Shabbat is an obligation." The Rabbis (bShab 34) relied upon the verse “You will know that your tent is secure” (Job 5:24). The halakha is to bless. If you from where are we "commanded" [that is, what is the origin of the second half of the blessing over the candles]? (bShab 23a). Rabbi Oya said: Rav Nachman the son of Yitzhaq said [it originates] in your father's questions and he told you, your elders, and they told you.
Lighting as a biblical commandment - Eliezer of Metz (d. 1198) , Sefer Yere'im
Rabbenu Tam (1100-1171), Sefer ha-Yashar
And furthermore, it is the minhag of our women to light. I saw [it] with my eyes, and I asked them, and they told me. And if they are not prophets, they are the children of prophets!
Arugat ha-Bosem,13th century
May it be Your will, Lord my God and God of Israel, that You show graciousness to me (and to my husband and to the members of my household) and to all my relatives, and grant us--and all of Israel--good, long life, and remember us for goodness and blessing, and recall us for salvation and mercy, and cause Your Presence to dwell in our midst. May we be worthy of raising children and grandchildren who are wise and understanding, who love God and fear the Lord, people of truth, holy offspring who cleave to God and bring light to the world through Torah and good deeds and all manners of labor in service of the Creator.
I pray You, hear my supplication, in the merit of Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel and Leah, our matriarchs. Cause our light to illuminate and never be extinguished, and may Your countenance shine so that we may be saved. Amen.
Judeo-Arabic du'a (personal prayer), 13th century
Lord, enlighten my fortune and my children towards Your obedience;
Illuminate them in your presence;
Place them among the people of learning, practice, fear of God, and knowledge;
Keep forbidden things far away from our home;
Make our children grow to Torah and good deeds.