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Judaism - People and Covenant
(א) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר ה' אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ׃ (ב) וְאֶֽעֶשְׂךָ֙ לְג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל וַאֲבָ֣רֶכְךָ֔ וַאֲגַדְּלָ֖ה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ וֶהְיֵ֖ה בְּרָכָֽה׃ (ג) וַאֲבָֽרֲכָה֙ מְבָ֣רְכֶ֔יךָ וּמְקַלֶּלְךָ֖ אָאֹ֑ר וְנִבְרְכ֣וּ בְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָֽה׃

(1) Adonai said to Avram, “Go forth from your land, from your birthplace, and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you. (2) I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you shall be a blessing. (3) I will bless those who bless you and curse the one who curses you; and all the families of the earth shall bless themselves by you.”

(טו) וַיִּקְרָ֛א מַלְאַ֥ךְ ה' אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם שֵׁנִ֖ית מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ (טז) וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־ה' כִּ֗י יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ׃ (יז) כִּֽי־בָרֵ֣ךְ אֲבָרֶכְךָ֗ וְהַרְבָּ֨ה אַרְבֶּ֤ה אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ כְּכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכַח֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיָּ֑ם וְיִרַ֣שׁ זַרְעֲךָ֔ אֵ֖ת שַׁ֥עַר אֹיְבָֽיו׃ (יח) וְהִתְבָּרֲכ֣וּ בְזַרְעֲךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ עֵ֕קֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ בְּקֹלִֽי׃

(15) The angel of Adonai called to Avraham a second time from heaven, (16) and said, “By Myself I swear, Adonai declares: Because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only one, (17) I will certainly bless you and make your seed as numerous as the stars of heaven and the sands on the seashore; and your seed shall seize the gates of their foes. (18) All the nations of the earth shall bless themselves by your seed, because you have heard (heeded) my voice.”

(ו) וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹקֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֱלֹקֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹקֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹקֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔יו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵהַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָאֱלֹקִֽים׃ (ז) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ה' רָאֹ֥ה רָאִ֛יתִי אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־צַעֲקָתָ֤ם שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו כִּ֥י יָדַ֖עְתִּי אֶת־מַכְאֹבָֽיו׃ (ח) וָאֵרֵ֞ד לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ ׀ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮ מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִוא֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּרְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ אֶל־מְק֤וֹם הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ (ט) וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֛ה צַעֲקַ֥ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּ֣אָה אֵלָ֑י וְגַם־רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הַלַּ֔חַץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹחֲצִ֥ים אֹתָֽם׃ (י) וְעַתָּ֣ה לְכָ֔ה וְאֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֖ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְהוֹצֵ֛א אֶת־עַמִּ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ (יא) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹקִ֔ים מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְכִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ (יב) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כִּֽי־אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ וְזֶה־לְּךָ֣ הָא֔וֹת כִּ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י שְׁלַחְתִּ֑יךָ בְּהוֹצִֽיאֲךָ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם תַּֽעַבְדוּן֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹקִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָהָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃

(6) He said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Avraham, the God of Yitzhak, and the God of Ya'akov.” And Moshe hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God. (7) And Adonai said, “I have certainly seen the affliction of My people in Egypt and have heard their outcry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sufferings. (8) I have come down to rescue them from the hand of Egypt and to bring them up from that land to a good and wide land, a land gushing milk and honey, the place of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorites, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. (9) Now the outcry of the Children of Israel has reached Me, and I have also seen how the Egyptians oppress them. (10) Now go - I will send you to Pharaoh, and you shall take My people, the Children of Israel, out of Egypt.” (11) But Moshe said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and take the Children of Israel out of Egypt?” (12) And He said, “I will be with you. And this shall be the sign that it was I who sent you: When you have taken the people out of Egypt, you shall worship God at this very mountain.”

(ג) וּמֹשֶׁ֥ה עָלָ֖ה אֶל־הָאֱלֹקִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֵלָ֤יו ה' מִן־הָהָ֣ר לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֤ה תֹאמַר֙ לְבֵ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְתַגֵּ֖יד לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (ד) אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לְמִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶתְכֶם֙ עַל־כַּנְפֵ֣י נְשָׁרִ֔ים וָאָבִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ (ה) וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־שָׁמ֤וֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּקֹלִ֔י וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֑י וִהְיִ֨יתֶם לִ֤י סְגֻלָּה֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים כִּי־לִ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ו) וְאַתֶּ֧ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְג֣וֹי קָד֑וֹשׁ אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

(3) and Moshe went up to God. Adonai called out to him from the mountain, saying, “Thus shall you say to the House of Ya'akov and declare to the Children of Israel: (4) ‘You have seen what I did to Egypt and how I bore you on eagles’ wings and brought you to Me. (5) Now, if you will carefully hear (heed) My voice and guard My covenant, you shall be My treasure among all the peoples, for all the earth is Mine. (6) And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you shall speak to the Children of Israel.”

(ב) הָלֹ֡ךְ וְקָֽרָאתָ֩ בְאָזְנֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר ה' זָכַ֤רְתִּי לָךְ֙ חֶ֣סֶד נְעוּרַ֔יִךְ אַהֲבַ֖ת כְּלוּלֹתָ֑יִךְ לֶכְתֵּ֤ךְ אַחֲרַי֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּאֶ֖רֶץ לֹ֥א זְרוּעָֽה׃

(2) Go proclaim to Jerusalem: Thus said Adonai: I remember on your account the kindness (love, favor) of your youth, your bridal love, how you followed Me in the wilderness, in an unsown land.

(יד) יוֹנָתִ֞י בְּחַגְוֵ֣י הַסֶּ֗לַע בְּסֵ֙תֶר֙ הַמַּדְרֵגָ֔ה הַרְאִ֙ינִי֙ אֶתּ־מַרְאַ֔יִךְ הַשְׁמִיעִ֖ינִי אֶת־קוֹלֵ֑ךְ כִּי־קוֹלֵ֥ךְ עָרֵ֖ב וּמַרְאֵ֥יךְ נָאוֶֽה׃ (ס)

(14) “O my dove, in the cranny of the rocks, in the hidden place (seter) of the cliff, Let me see your face, Let me hear your voice; For your voice is sweet And your face is comely.”

(ד) רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא פָּתַר קְרָיָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁעָמְדוּ לִפְנֵי הַר סִינַי, יוֹנָתִי בְּחַגְוֵי הַסֶּלַע, שֶׁהָיוּ חֲבוּיִין בְּסִתְרוֹ שֶׁל סִינַי. הַרְאִינִי וגו', שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כ, טו): וְכָל הָעָם רֹאִים אֶת הַקּוֹלֹת. הַשְׁמִיעִנִי אֶת קוֹלֵךְ, זֶה קוֹל שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַדִּבְּרוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כד, ז): כֹּל אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר ה' נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע. כִּי קוֹלֵךְ עָרֵב, זֶה קוֹל שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַדִּבְּרוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ה, כד): וַיִּשְׁמַע ה' אֶת קוֹל דִּבְרֵיכֶם וגו' הֵיטִיבוּ כָּל אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּרוּ. מַהוּ הֵיטִיבוּ כָּל אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּרוּ, חִיָּא בַּר אַדָּא וּבַר קַפָּרָא, חַד אָמַר הֲטָבָה כַּהֲטָבַת הַנֵּרוֹת, וְחַד אָמַר הֲטָבָה כַּהֲטָבַת הַקְּטֹרֶת. וּמַרְאֵיךְ נָאוֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כ, טו): וַיַּרְא הָעָם וַיָּנֻעוּ וַיַּעַמְדוּ מֵרָחֹק.

Rabbi 'Akiva interpreted [the verse as referring to the] moment Israel stood before Mount Sinai, "My dove in the cleft of the rock," for they were hidden in the hidden place (seter) of Sinai. "Let me see, etc." As it is said, "And all the people saw the voices." (Exodus 20:15) "Let me hear your voce" - this is the sound before the [ten] commandments, as it is said, "All that Adonai has said, we will do and we will hear/obey." (Exodus 24:7). "For your voice is sweet" - this is the sound after the [ten] commandments, as it is said, "Adonai heard the sound of your words...all they said was good." (Deuteronomy 5:24) What does "all they said was good" mean? iyya bar Adda and Bar Kappara, one of them said, "good like the candles", and the other said, "good like the incense." "And your face is comely," as it is said, "The people saw and trembled and stood afar." (Exodus 20:15)