(לט) אַ֡ךְ בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּאָסְפְּכֶם֙ אֶת־תְּבוּאַ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ תָּחֹ֥גּוּ אֶת־חַג־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ שַׁבָּת֔וֹן וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י שַׁבָּתֽוֹן׃ (מ) וּלְקַחְתֶּ֨ם לָכֶ֜ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן פְּרִ֨י עֵ֤ץ הָדָר֙ כַּפֹּ֣ת תְּמָרִ֔ים וַעֲנַ֥ף עֵץ־עָבֹ֖ת וְעַרְבֵי־נָ֑חַל וּשְׂמַחְתֶּ֗ם לִפְנֵ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃
(39) However, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the fruits of the land, you shall keep the feast of the Eternal seven days; on the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest. (40) And you shall take for yourself on the first day the fruit of beautiful trees, branches of palm-trees, and boughs of thick [myrtle] trees, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the Eternal your God seven days.
(13) After the ingathering from your threshing floor and your vat, you shall hold the Feast of Booths for seven days. (14) You shall rejoice in your festival, with your son and daughter, your male and female slave, the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow in your communities. (15) You shall hold a festival for Adonai your God seven days, in the place that Adonai will choose; for Adonai your God will bless all your crops and all your undertakings, and you shall have nothing but joy.
Vayikra Rabbah 30:12-17 (adapted)
The four species are likened to different categories in the Jewish people.
1. The Etrog, which has both taste and smell, is likened to those that study Torah and do mitzvot.
2. The palm branch, which has taste, but no smell, is likened to those who have only Torah study.
3. The myrtle, which has smell but no taste, is likened to those who have only mitzvot.
4. The willow, which has neither taste nor smell, is likened to those who are without Torah study and without mitzvot.
And God says "bind them all together and let them atone one for the other."...
The sages say "even though a person cannot exempt himself from his obligation of the four species on the first day of Sukkot with a borrowed lulav and etrog, he may exempt himself from his obligation of sitting in a sukkah by using his friend's sukkah. The basis for this is the verse that says "every citizen of Israel shall sit in sukkot." (Leviticus 23:42). This teaches us that all of Israel are fit to sit in one sukkah.