Greetings (Shavuot - First Encounters shiur)

Welcome - move around (if tired) - ask for stories of greetings. Do you have anything to say about pre-davening practices AND/OR general greeting practices?

גופא א"ר יהושע בן לוי שלשה דברים עשו ב"ד של מטה והסכימו ב"ד של מעלה על ידם [אלו הן] מקרא מגילה ושאילת שלום [בשם] והבאת מעשר

§ With regard to the matter itself, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: There are three matters that the earthly court implemented and the heavenly court agreed with them, and these are they: Reading the Scroll of Esther on Purim, and greeting another with the name of God, and bringing the first tithe to the Temple treasury in Jerusalem. From where is it derived that the heavenly court agreed with them?

ושאילת שלום דכתיב (רות ב, ד) והנה בועז בא מבית לחם ויאמר לקוצרים ה' עמכם ואומר (שופטים ו, יב) ה' עמך גבור החיל מאי ואומר וכי תימא בועז הוא דעביד מדעתיה ומשמיא לא אסכימו על ידו ת"ש ואומר ה' עמך גבור החיל
And greeting another with the name of God is derived from a verse, as it is written: “And presently Boaz came from Bethlehem and said to the harvesters: The Lord is with you, and they said to him: May the Lord bless you” (Ruth 2:4). And it states: “And the angel of the Lord appeared to him and said to him: The Lord is with you, mighty man of valor” (Judges 6:12). The Gemara asks: What is the reason that the Gemara cites the additional source about Gideon, introduced with the phrase: And it states? Why was the proof from Boaz’s statement to the harvesters insufficient? The Gemara explains: And if you would say: It is Boaz who did so on his own, and from Heaven they did not agree with him; come and hear proof, and it says: “The Lord is with you, mighty man of valor.” The angel greeted Gideon with the name of God, indicating that there is agreement in Heaven that this is an acceptable form of greeting.

We greet people (made in God's image) with God's name, esp. a name signifying wholeness/completeness

This is something WE instituted & God/heavenly beit din agreed to (!) -- human-centred/humanist?

Ruth link to Shavuot

(א) הָיָה קוֹרֵא בַתּוֹרָה, וְהִגִּיעַ זְמַן הַמִּקְרָא, אִם כִּוֵּן לִבּוֹ, יָצָא. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יָצָא. בַּפְּרָקִים שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד וּמֵשִׁיב, וּבָאֶמְצַע שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה וּמֵשִׁיב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בָּאֶמְצַע שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה, וּמֵשִׁיב מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, בַּפְּרָקִים שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, וּמֵשִׁיב שָׁלוֹם לְכָל אָדָם:

(1) If one was reading [Shema] in the Torah, and it came time to recite [Shema]: If he directed his mind [and intended to fulfill his obligation to recite Shema as he read it], he has fulfilled his obligation. And if not, he has not fulfilled his obligation. At the breaks [between sections of Shema], one may greet another out of honor and return a greeting, and in the middle [of a section], one may greet out of fear and return a greeting. These are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: In the middle, one may greet out of fear and return a greeting out of honor, and at the breaks, one may greet out of honor and return a greeting to any person.

Balance obligation/nice-thing-to-do-ness of greeting others w/ obligation of saying Shema -- surprisingly lenient on Shema (or perhaps surprisingly strict on greetings), in a way that doesn't seem to show up in popular practice (at least that I've seen)

Greeting people vs greeting God (tho' not greeting Him per se - acknowledging? paying homage to?)

אמר רב כל הנותן שלום לחבירו קודם שיתפלל כאלו עשאו במה שנאמר (ישעיהו ב, כב) חדלו לכם מן האדם אשר נשמה באפו כי במה נחשב הוא אל תקרי במה אלא במה ושמואל אמר במה חשבתו לזה ולא לאלוה מתיב רב ששת בפרקים שואל מפני הכבוד ומשיב תרגמה ר' אבא במשכים לפתחו
Rav said: Anyone who greets another person in the morning before he prayed, it is as if he built an altar for idol worship, as it is stated: “Cease you from man, in whose nostrils there is breath, for how little is he to be accounted” (Isaiah 2:22). When one’s soul is breathed in through his nostrils in the morning (ge’onim) he should turn to no one other than God. And do not read it as it is written, bameh, how; but rather, read bama, altar. And Shmuel said: The word bameh should not be taken in anything other than its literal connotation. The verse must therefore be understood: How did you consider him so significant, that you gave him priority and not God? Certainly you should have honored God first. Rav Sheshet raises an objection: We learned in our mishna that in the breaks between the paragraphs one may greet an individual due to respect, and respond to another’s greeting due to respect, despite the fact that the recitation of Shema precedes the Amida prayer. Rabbi Abba explained this: The prohibition against greeting another in the morning refers specifically to when one sets out early to greet him at his door. If one simply happens to encounter another person, he is permitted to greet him.

This is v much taken out of context but I picked it cos it really weights the other side of this dynamic, towards being stringent about greeting God (or perhaps lenient about greeting people)

Like, God owns yr first greeting of the day (like first-fruits/tithe?) but AFTER that then you can greet @ will -- but if you give God's greeting to someone else that's v bad

(ב) כיון שהגיע זמן תפלה אסור לאדם להקדים לפתח חבירו ליתן לו שלום משום דשמו של הקב"ה שלום אבל מותר לומר לו צפרא דמרי טב ואפי' זה אינו מותר אלא כשהוצרך ללכת לראות איזה עסק אבל אם אינו הולך אלא להקביל פניו קודם תפלה אפי' זה הלשון אסור וכן אסור לכרוע לו כשמשכים לפתחו וי"א דכריעה אסורה אפי' בלא משכים לפתחו ואם התחיל לברך הברכות (אחר כך) אין לחוש כל כך ואם אינו משכים לפתחו אלא שפגע בו בדרך מותר ליתן לו שלום וי"א שאפי' במוצא חבירו בשוק לא יאמר לו אלא צפרא דמרי טב כדי שיתן לב שהוא אסור להתעכב בדברים אחרים כלל עד שיתפלל:

(2) When it reachs the time of prayer, it's forbidden for a person to arrive early to the door of their friend to greet them (lit. "give them a 'shalom'"), since the name of the Holy Blessed One is "Shalom". But it's permitted to say to them "Good morning, sir" (tzafra d'mari tav). And even this is only allowed when one needs to go to see to a matter of business, but if one is only going to make their face known [to their friend, i.e. for a purely social purpose] before prayer, even this is forbidden language. And it's also forbidden to bow to them when one gets up early to go to their door, and there are those that say that the bow is forbidden even when you don't get up early to their door. And if one has finished saying the morning blessings (after this) there's no concern with any of this. And if you don't get up early to go to their door, but rather you encounter them on the street, it's permitted to greet them (with "shalom"), and there are those that say that even if one meets one's friend in the marketplace one should only say to them "Good morning, sir", since this reminds(? lit. "gives heart") that it's forbidden to cause to stumble in other words at all until one has prayed.