The Zohar's Formula: Matzah + Vav = Mitzvah

Based on Afikei Mayim, Essays 23-24

(יח) בָּרִאשֹׁ֡ן בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֤וֹם לַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב תֹּאכְל֖וּ מַצֹּ֑ת עַ֠ד י֣וֹם הָאֶחָ֧ד וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ בָּעָֽרֶב׃

(18) In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the month at evening.

(ג) לֹא־תֹאכַ֤ל עָלָיו֙ חָמֵ֔ץ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֛ים תֹּֽאכַל־עָלָ֥יו מַצּ֖וֹת לֶ֣חֶם עֹ֑נִי כִּ֣י בְחִפָּז֗וֹן יָצָ֙אתָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לְמַ֣עַן תִּזְכֹּר֔ אֶת־י֤וֹם צֵֽאתְךָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃

(3) You shall not eat anything leavened with it; for seven days thereafter you shall eat unleavened bread, poor man's bread—for you departed from the land of Egypt hurriedly—so that you may remember the day of your departure from the land of Egypt as long as you live.

(ח) שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים תֹּאכַ֣ל מַצּ֑וֹת וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י עֲצֶ֙רֶת֙ לַה' אֱלֹקֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה מְלָאכָֽה׃ (ס)
(8) After eating unleavened bread six days, you shall hold a solemn gathering for the LORD your God on the seventh day: you shall do no work.

(א) ששת ימים תאכל מצות. וּבְמָקוֹם אַחֵר (שמות י"ב) הוּא אוֹמֵר "שִׁבְעַת יָמִים"?! ... דָּ"אַ — לִמֵּד עַל אֲכִילַת מַצָּה בַּשְּׁבִיעִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ חוֹבָה, וּמִכַּאן אַתָּה לָמֵד לְשֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי שְׁבִיעִי בִּכְלָל הָיָה וְיָצָא מִן הַכְּלָל לְלַמֵּד שֶׁאֵין אֲכִילַת מַצָּה בּוֹ חוֹבָה אֶלָּא רְשׁוּת, וְלֹא לְלַמֵּד עַל עַצְמוֹ יָצָא, אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד עַל הַכְּלָל כֻּלּוֹ יָצָא, מַה שְּׁבִיעִי רְשׁוּת אַף כֻּלָּם רְשׁוּת, חוּץ מִלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁהַכָּתוּב קְבָעוֹ חוֹבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ב) "בָּעֶרֶב תֹּאכְלוּ מַצֹּת" (מכילתא; פסחים ק"כ):

(1) ששת ימים תאכל מצות SIX DAYS THOU SHALT EAT UNLEAVENED BREAD — But in another passage it states, (Exodus 12:15): “seven days [ye shall eat unleavened bread]’’! ... Another explanation is: It teaches regarding the eating of unleavened bread on the seventh day of Passover that it is not obligatory; and from here (from this law concerning the seventh day) you may derive the law for the other six days. For the seventh day was included in the general statement (“seven days, thou shalt eat unleavened bread’’), and in the text: “six days thou shall eat unleavened bread” it has left the general statement, to teach ... eating unleavened bread on it is not obligatory but optional. Now, according to the well-known rule, it did not leave the general statement in order to teach this regarding itself alone but regarding everything that is included in the general statement. Now how is it with the seventh day? It is optional as regards the eating of unleavened bread (as explained in the earlier portion of this comment)! This, too, according to the rule, applies also to everything that was included in the general statement, and therefore all the other days are also optional in this respect, with the exception, however, of the first night of Passover, for which Scripture has fixed it (the eating of unleavened bread) as an obligation, as it is said, (Exodus 22:18) “at evening ye shall eat unleavened bread” (Pesachim 120a; cf. also Rashi on Exodus 12:15).

(ה) פָּתַח רִבִּי חִיָּיא וְאָמַר, (שמות יב) בָּרִאשׁוֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ בָּעֶרֶב תֹּאכְלוּ מַצּוֹת, וּכְתִיב, (דבהם טז) שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תֹּאכַל עָלָיו מַצּוֹת לֶחֶם עֹנִי, לֶחֶם עָנִי כְּתִיב, הַאי מִלָּה אִתְעָרוּ בָּהּ חַבְרַיָיא. אֲבָל תָּא חֲזֵי, כַּד הֲווּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמִצְרַיִם, הֲווּ בִּרְשׁוּתָא אָחֳרָא. כַּד בָּעָא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לְקָרְבָא לוֹן לְגַבֵּיהּ, יָהַב לוֹן אֲתַר דְּלֶחֶם עֹנִי. לֶחֶם עָנִי, מַאן עָנִי. דָּא דָּוִד מַלְכָּא, דִּכְתִיב בֵּיהּ (תהלים מו) כִּי עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן אָנִי.

(ו) וְהַאי לֶחֶם עֹנִי אִקְרֵי מַצָּה, נוּקְבָא בְּלָא דְכוּרָא, מִסְכְּנוּתָא הֲוֵי, אִתְקְרִיבוּ לְגַבֵּי מַצָּה בְּקַדְמִיתָא, כֵּיוָן דְּקָרִיבוּ לוֹן יַתִּיר, עֲיִּיל לוֹן קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בְּדַרְגִּין אָחֳרָנִין, וְאִתְחַבַּר דְּכוּרָא בְּנוּקְבָא. וּכְדֵין, מַצָּה כַּד אִתְחַבְּרַת בִּדְכוּרָא אִקְרֵי מִצְוָה בְּתוֹסֶפֶת וא''ו, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב, (דברים ל) כִּי הַמִּצְוָה הַזֹּאת. בְּגִינִי כָּךְ, מַצָּה בְּקַדְמִיתָא, וּלְבָתַר מִצְוָה.

Rabbi Chiya opened and said, One verse says, "In the first month on the fourteenth day in the evening you shall eat matza", and another verse says "Seven days you shall eat matza, poor man's bread", it says "poor man's bread." This issue was discussed by the colleagues and they said: When Israel was in Egypt, they were under the dominion of another (Pharaoh). When Hashem wanted to bring them close to Him, He gave them poor man's bread. Who is the poor man? King David, who writes of himself, "For I am poor and impoverished."

And this poor man's bread is called matza, the feminine without the masculine, when they initially encountered the matza it was impoverished, but when they came closer to it, Hashem brought them to a higher level and attached masculine to feminine. And like this, when the matza is attached to the masculine it is called mitzvah with the added "vav", and that is what is meant by "for this mitzvah". Because of this, it is initially called matza and then mitzvah.

כל המשתמש באור תורה אור תורה מחייהו וכל שאין משתמש באור תורה אין אור תורה מחייהו

Anyone who uses the light of Torah, which is called the dew of light, the light of Torah will revive him; and anyone who does not use the light of Torah, the light of Torah will not revive him.

(א) ויהיה קיומם בדבר המתגשם מן הזיו ההוא, כמעלת דור המדבר שהשיגו לזיו השכינה בים, כמו שאמרו (במכילתא לעיל טו ב) ראתה שפחה על הים מה שלא ראה יחזקאל הנביא, ומאותה שעה נתעלית נפשם להתקיים בתולדותיו שהוא המן:

(1) And [so] their existence will be dependent upon that which is made physical from the radiance of the Divine presence — like the generation of the wilderness who grasped the radiance of the Divine Presence at the Sea, as they said (Mechilta Shemot 16:2), "A maidservant saw upon the Sea what Yechezkel the prophet did not see," and from that time, their soul became elevated to subsist from its products, which is the manna.