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סוגים של עבודה זרה

(י) לֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֣א בְךָ֔ מַעֲבִ֥יר בְּנֽוֹ־וּבִתּ֖וֹ בָּאֵ֑שׁ קֹסֵ֣ם קְסָמִ֔ים מְעוֹנֵ֥ן וּמְנַחֵ֖שׁ וּמְכַשֵּֽׁף׃ (יא) וְחֹבֵ֖ר חָ֑בֶר וְשֹׁאֵ֥ל אוֹב֙ וְיִדְּעֹנִ֔י וְדֹרֵ֖שׁ אֶל־הַמֵּתִֽים׃ (יב) כִּֽי־תוֹעֲבַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה כָּל־עֹ֣שֵׂה אֵ֑לֶּה וּבִגְלַל֙ הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔לֶּה יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ מוֹרִ֥ישׁ אוֹתָ֖ם מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃

(10) Let no one be found among you who consigns his son or daughter to the fire, or who is an augur, a soothsayer, a diviner, a sorcerer, (11) one who casts spells, or one who consults ghosts or familiar spirits, or one who inquires of the dead. (12) For anyone who does such things is abhorrent to the LORD, and it is because of these abhorrent things that the LORD your God is dispossessing them before you.

(10) Forcing your sons and daughters to walk through a fire path is a form of ע׳׳ז. An augur is someone who believes they can interpret G-d's will by studying the flight of birds. The noises, direction, groups, and kinds of birds were supposedly able to determine certain aspects of G-d. A soothsayer is one who thinks they are able to see the future. A diviner is one who believes that a person can have the characteristics of G-d. A sorcerer is someone who claims or is believed to have magic powers, a wizard.

(11) This is a form of ע׳׳ז which also falls under the category of believing in other G-ds. It is the practice of speaking to the dead and witches preforming spells.

(12) Anyone who does these actions, Hashem is dispossessing them. The actions are extremely abhorrent.

(ח) וְכָל הַחַיָּה אֲשֶׁר אִתְּךָ וגו' (בראשית ח, יז), אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן הַוְצֵא כְּתִיב הַיְצֵא קְרִי. וְשָׁרְצוּ בָאָרֶץ, וְלֹא בַתֵּבָה. וּפָרוּ בָאָרֶץ, וְלֹא בַתֵּבָה. (בראשית ח, יט): כָּל הַחַיָּה [ו] כָל הָרֶמֶשׂ וגו', כֹּל רוֹמֵשׁ, אָמַר רַבִּי אַיְּבוּ רוֹמֵשׂ מָלֵא פְּרַט לְכִלְאָיִם. לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיהֶם, פְּרַט לְסִירוּס. עַל שִׁבְעָה דְּבָרִים נִצְטַוּוּ בְּנֵי נֹחַ, עַל עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, וְעַל גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת, וְעַל שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים, וְעַל בִּרְכַּת הַשֵּׁם, וְעַל הַדִּין, וְעַל הַגָּזֵל, וְעַל אֵבָר מִן הֶחָי. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר אַף עַל הַדָּם מִן הֶחָי. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר אַף עַל הַכִּלְאָיִם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי אוֹמֵר אַף עַל הַכְּשָׁפִים. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר אַף עַל הַסֵּרוּס. אָמַר רַבִּי אַסֵּי עַל כָּל הָאָמוּר בַּפָּרָשָׁה נִצְטַוּוּ בְּנֵי נֹחַ (דברים יח, י): לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ מַעֲבִיר בְּנוֹ וּבִתּוֹ וגו', וּכְתִיב בַּתְרֵיהּ (דברים יח, יב): כִּי תוֹעֲבַת ה' כָּל עוֹשֵׂה אֵלֶּה.

I got the idea that only Kosher animals were brought onto the ship of Noah and forbidden to have relations. Then it goes into the listing of שבעה מצוות בני נח. After this, it discusses how details have been left out of each one. רַבִּי אַסֵּי brings up that there are other components that are not allowed that are included in the seven. We always believed they had 7 מצוות to follow but indeed have more to follow. The walking through fire was around from the time of נח!

(א) שלא לדרש אל המתים - שלא לדרש אל המתים. וענין דרישה זו הוא (עי' רמב''ם ל''ת לח), שיש בני אדם מרעיבים עצמם והולכים ולנים בבית הקברות כדי שיבוא להם המת בחלום ויודיעם מה שישאלו עליו, ויש אחרים שלובשין בגדים ידועים ואומרים דברים ומקטרים קטרת ידועה וישנים לבדם כדי שיבוא המת שהם רוצים בו ויספר להם בחלום, ועל כל מלאכות אלו וכיוצא בם נאמר (דברים יח י יא) לא ימצא בך וגו' ודורש אל המתים.

(1) To not inquire of the dead: To not inquire of the dead. And the content of this inquiring (see Sefer HaMitzvot LaRambam, Mitzvot Lo Taase 38) is that there are people that starve themselves and lay down in the cemetery, so that the dead will come to them in a dream and inform that which they asked him about; and there are others who wear well-known clothes and say things and offer well-known incense and sleep alone so that the dead who they want will come and speak to them in a dream. And about all of these types of crafts and similar to them is it stated (Deuteronomy 18:10-11), "There shall not be found in you, etc. or one who inquires of the dead."

You aren't supposed to talk to the dead. There are people who don't eat and lay in the cemetery waiting to talk to the dead people in a dream. They inquire them because they want answers to things they have asked them. Others do this well- dressed. Overall speaking to the dead is not allowed.

One comment I have is that you hear about these types of incidents occur with non- Jews but I grew up not believing in this concept. A theory is that it was once possible to communicate with the dead only with the permission of Hashem. Now we are forbidden.

(א) מעביר בנו. ע״‎ג היתה כי יש גם היום בינינו גוים רבים עובדי האש:

(1) passes his son… This was a form of idolatry. Even nowadays, there are among us many sects who worship fire.

It is even common today where the act of walking through a path of fire occurs as a form of ע׳׳ז.

I have never seen such a thing but I did hear of walking on hot coal and it seems similar to this.

(ג) ודורש אל המתים. ההולכים אל בית הקברות ולוקחים עצם אדם מת ובעבור מחשבתו ושגיונו תראה לו דמות צורות בחלום גם בהקיץ וכל אלה תועבות השם כי האמת להיות לב האדם תמיד תמים עם בוראו וכאשר ישען על חכמתו לבקש האמת ומה שיהיה חוץ מהשם הנה לבו חסר כי הוא משובש והרוצה לדרוש ידרוש מהשם על פי הנביא על כן כתוב אחריו נביא מקרבך זה יהושע והעד שאמר אליו תשמעון וכתיב וישמעו אליו בני ישראל ועוד ראיה אחרת כי לא מצאנו נביא שנכנם עם ישראל לארץ כי אם יהושע גם כן יתכן להיות זה כלל לכל נביא שיקום אחר משה:

(3) inquires of the dead like those who go into a graveyard, and take a bone of a dead person. Through mental concentration, they then fall into a frenzy, upon which they see the simulacrum of various objects while dreaming (or even when awake). All of these practices are abominations to God. The true way is that the heart of a man should be ever devoted to his Creator. Whenever a man relies on his own crafts to learn the truth or predict the future, and not on God , he is therefore spiritually imperfect as well as mistaken. Let him who wishes to inquire, inquire of God, through a prophet. For this reason, we come forthwith to the section of a prophet in your midst. This is Joshua, as evidenced by the pronouncement to him you shall listen , and the subsequent confirmation “the children of Israel listened to him” [34: 9]. Moreover, we find no other prophet, besides Joshua, who entered with Israel into the land. However, this verse also presents the paradigm for all future prophets who might arise after the time of Moshe.

This is something that people do in the graveyard. Pick up a bone of a dead person and if you concentrate they claim you can see things in the form of a dream. All of these things are disgracing G-d. The way its supposed to be is a man is supposed to be devoted to Hashem entirely. Whenever people take matters into their own hands and start trying to predict rely on his own crafts, he is spiritually not perfect and wrong. If you want to inquire G-d, go through a Navi; that is the reason we have them. You should listen to these men. An example is Joshua.

(א) מוריש אותם - כי אינם חוששים לדרוש את הקב"ה ואת נביאי האמת, כי סומכין על תועבותיהם המגידים להם ברוח הטומאה.

(1) מוריש אותם, for they did not bother to consult G’d and the true prophets about their impending future. Instead, they relied on their respective idols, all abominations in the eyes of the Lord, so that by their perishing the impotence of their deities to protect their believers had to be demonstrated.

The people did not come to terms with Hashem or convene with a Navi when they desired to know something about their future or a question, they relied on their "other G-ds" to provide them with the answers. This is frowned upon in the eyes of Hashem. When they die, the inability of their deities, supposed other G-ds, will be displayed because they would not help them. Hashem is the only one that could.

A question I have is why anyone would suppose another G-d has the answer to your question when you can just ask the G-d that created you in the first place?

(ג) וידעני. מַכְנִיס עֶצֶם חַיָּה שֶׁשְּׁמָהּ יִדּוּעַ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו וּמְדַבֵּר הָעֶצֶם עַל יְדֵי מְכַשְּׁפוּת (שם):

(3) וידעני is one who puts a bone of an animal, the name of which is יִדּוֹעַ, into his mouth and the bone speaks by way of sorcery (Sanhedrin 65a; cf. Rashi on Leviticus 19:31 and Note thereon).

Bones happen to be a very popular form of ע׳׳ז; being able to speak to certain people or tap into certain powers.

There are multiple types of ע׳׳ז included in this mitzvah and exotic ways to carry them out. I don't quite comprehend how people can believe that bones have magic powers and choose to follow that over Hashem. Hashem has proven his existence and power lots of times so why do they even question believing in physical objects to be stronger than what Hashem is capable of!

(א) כל עשה אלה. עֹשֶׂה כָּל אֵלֶּה לֹא נֶאֱמָר, אֶלָּא כָל עֹשֵׂה אֵלֶּה, אֲפִילּוּ אַחַת מֵהֶן (ספרי):

(1) כל אלה עשה [FOR] ALL THAT DO THESE THINGS [ARE AN ABOMINATION UNTO THE LORD] — it does not say, “he who does all these things”, but “all who do these things” — who do even only one of them (Sifrei Devarim 173:1; cf. Makkot 24a).

It is enough for you to do just ONE of these things and you will be hated and disgusted by G-d. All it takes is one of these acts to defy your trust in G-d so you will be charged after just one of these are committed.

I agree with this because once you commit just one form of ע׳׳ז that's all it takes to take you off the path of G-d. By sinning here you are making a statement that some other object is capable of doing something that Hashem can't.

(ב) קסם קסמים. אֵי זֶהוּ קוֹסֵם? הָאוֹחֵז אֶת מַקְלוֹ וְאוֹמֵר אִם אֵלֵךְ אִם לֹא אֵלֵךְ, וכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (הושע ד') עַמִּי בְּעֵצוֹ יִשְׁאָל וּמַקְלוֹ יַגִּיד לוֹ (ספרי):

(2) קסם קסמים ONE THAT USETH DIVINATION — What is a diviner? One who takes his stick in hand and says, (as though he were consulting it), “Shall I go, or shall I not go?” So does it state, (Hoshea 4:12) “My people ask counsel of their stick, and their staff declareth unto them” (Sifrei Devarim 171:6).

People would take a stick, ask it question, and expect to receive an answer. If they are stuck in a situation of uncertainty, why don't they consult G-d? Why ask a stick? This reminds me of nowadays with the toy "The Magic 8 Ball." People ask it a question and it provides you with a yes or no answer. Even though it is just a game... I am wondering if that is somewhat considered ע׳׳ז.

Connection to

the

עשרת הדברות

My mitzvah is connected to the second of the ten commandments: "לֹא־יִֽהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים עַל־פָּנָֽי" (פרק ה פסוק ז. That means do not believe or make yourself other G-ds. Here, we are discussing different types of defiances of G-d and ways people commit ע׳׳ז. When they do things like: make fire paths, ask sticks for guidance, believe another person can tell them the future, and bone powers this is proof they are not entirely invested in G-d's abilities to do it all. In just a sentence written in the ten commandments we see there are multiple ways to prove you are not loyal to G-d and my mitzvah is a few of them.

(ז) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל לַעֲבָדָ֗יו בַּקְּשׁוּ־לִי֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת בַּעֲלַת־א֔וֹב וְאֵלְכָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖יהָ וְאֶדְרְשָׁה־בָּ֑הּ וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ עֲבָדָיו֙ אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֛ה אֵ֥שֶׁת בַּֽעֲלַת־א֖וֹב בְּעֵ֥ין דּֽוֹר׃

(7) Then Saul said to his courtiers, “Find me a woman who consults ghosts, so that I can go to her and inquire through her.” And his courtiers told him that there was a woman in En-dor who consulted ghosts.

Connection from my Mitzvah to another time in תנ׳׳ך: It took place after the death of שמואל. It was when שאול was worried he was going to lose in a war against the פלשתים. He cried out to Hashem using the אורים בתומים and received no answer back. Now he was getting even more worried and decided to contact שמואל through a witch. She brought down his spirit in order for שאול to have the ability to ask questions. This was absolutely wrong to begin with; then we go deeper and see that this ע׳׳ז has been forbidden from the start. שאול had to disguise himself so the witch wouldn't question why the king is coming. She may think he is there to catch her in the act and kill her. Once she contacted שמואל she realized it was שאול that asked her for help. שאול convinced her not to be scared, continue, and explain what she saw. She stated she saw " a divine being that came up from the earth wearing a robe," this was indeed שמואל. After שמואל told him it was the wrong thing of him to do, leaving שאול weak on the floor it then goes on to say that he had not had a drink or eaten all day. We can connect this to the ספר החינוך we just explained stating that people who wish to contact the dead do not eat nor drink that day. שאול did that action here but we cannot judge someone so holy from our history.

(א) היא שצווה כהן גדול שישא בתולה, והוא אמרו והוא אשה בבתוליה יקח. ובבאור אמרו (יבמות מ"ט) עושה היה רבי עקיבא ממזר אפילו מחייבי עשה, ובאור זה כשהיה כהן גדול בא על בלתי בתולה שהיא אסורה לו בעשה, שהשורש הזה אצלנו לאו הבא מבלל עשה עשה. והנה כבר התבארו משפטי מצוה זו ביבמות וקידושין וכתובות. (אמור, קדושה הלכות אסורי ביאה פי"ז):

The כהן גדול is only allowed to marry a virgin. If he marries anyone other than a virgin, the child will be disincluded from the nation. Here, the Mitzvah is located in the עשה section and it states that he must marry a virgin. It is stated this way because it does not use a double negative like: he's not allowed to marry someone who is not a virgin. It is implied when speaking about the עשה so why bring up the לא עשה (aka לאו)? Since it is extreme, no one other than a virgin will be acceptable for a כהן גדול.

In this interview, Selena Gomez is stating her beliefs in speaking to the dead. She has an app that detects if there are ghosts in the room and alerts you with what kinds. So many people look up to this celebrity and all that she stands for, how can we swallow this? After doing all this research, I find it hard to accept that there are individuals that still believe in these kinds of practices. Just from listening to Selena speak forced me to realize that people can be gullible enough to trust the app rather than written proof stating it isn't accurate.

This is someone who believes he is a Navi and offering his "insight" on what he sees will happen to you in your future. It is the practice of sorcery. What I took away from this image is that people are walking by him in the street; no one is coming to him for advice so indeed there are few people who believe in it.

This cartoon is supporting the Rashi that speaks about the stick guiding you in the direction you should take. Here, the lamb pieces will give the answer to the mens question. I cannot comprehend how people can rely on these practices and trust them to lead them to make the right choice.

https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/744249/rabbi-ephraim-meth/may-we-send-our-sons-to-hogwarts-part-iii-six-types-of-permissible-wizardry-mini-chabura-daf-68-/

How are people allowed to practice magic, isn't it asur? There are six ways that are permitted. One example that is from ספר יצירה is that it's not really magic. They are just studying the Torah and Hashem creates something for them. Another example is when a חכם looked at someone and they burned up. Is that magic? No, it was just Hashem causing a punishment to occur because a person did something wrong. This implies something has been done by the חכם but indeed it was Hashem. The second type that is allowed is when Rabbi Akiva had to learn it so he was able to judge a person who violated these laws, properly. Also, if witches need to be brought to trial, there need to be people educated in the field. In order for it to be taught to these individuals, it needed to be demonstrated. There are many circumstances that need to be addressed first, it is complex. The third type, mentioned by רא׳׳ש , is if it was preformed for no personal benefit. Since witchcraft is usually for people to use for themselves, if it is for an issue that includes sickness or the people as a whole, it is mutar. As long as there is no selfish intentions. The fourth is you are allowed to ask these witches questions, but not allowed to ask them to preform any spells for you. The fifth type of situation surprised me but it says in the גמרא that if you find that something that worked, it is permitted. However, with this you are not allowed to trick anyone into thinking it is real and occurring, since most of it is nonsense anyway. You may not lead anyone to act in a foolish manner. When explained deeper we see that people may think something is magic like a cure for a sickness; but indeed it is just us as people not able to comprehend the reason Hashem is allowing for something to take place. People tend to pretend it is supernatural but it is not since magic is not real. The fifth kind of "magic" that is allowed is magic at birthday parties. You would think since you are passing it off as real magic it is not permitted. It can be as long as you make it clear to your audience that your skill is just speed and you are not creating any false illusions because then you will be violating trickery (mentioned previously). The final type is in case of a life threatening situation, you are allowed to preform these practice (Example: to trick an animal so it will not harm you).