אשה חדשה. שֶׁהִיא חֲדָשָׁה לוֹ וַאֲפִלּוּ אַלְמָנָה, פְּרָט לְמַחֲזִיר גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ (ספרי; סוטה מ"ד): אשה חדשה [WHEN A MAN HATH TAKEN] A NEW WIFE [HE SHALL NOT GO OUT TO THE HOST] — i.e., one that is new to him, even though she be a widow; but it excludes the case of one who re-marries his divorced wife (Sifrei Devarim 271:1; Sotah 44a; cf., however, Targum Jonathan).
ולא יעבור עליו. דְּבַר הַצָּבָא: ולא יעבר lit., NEITHER SHALL PASS UPON HIM (i.e., be obligatory upon him) any army matter,
לכל דבר שֶׁהוּא צֹרֶךְ הַצָּבָא, לֹא לְסַפֵּק מַיִם וּמָזוֹן וְלֹא לְתַקֵּן הַדְּרָכִים, אֲבָל הַחוֹזְרִים מֵעוֹרְכֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה עַל פִּי כֹהֵן, כְּגוֹן בָּנָה בַיִת וְלֹא חֲנָכוֹ אוֹ אֵרַשׂ אִשָּׁה וְלֹא לְקָחָהּ, מַסְפִּיקִין מַיִם וּמָזוֹן וּמְתַקְּנִין אֶת הַדְּרָכִים (שם): לכל דבר AS REGARDS ANYTHING that is a requirement of the army: not to supply water and food, nor to repair the roads, whilst those who returned from the battle array at the bidding of the priest, e.g., one who had built a new house and had not yet dedicated it, or one who had betrothed a woman and had not yet taken her to wife (Deuteronomy 20:5—7), are bound to supply water and food and to repair roads (Sifrei Devarim 271:2; Sotah 44a).
יהיה לביתו. אַף בִּשְׁבִיל בֵּיתוֹ, אִם בָּנָה בַיִת וַחֲנָכוֹ וְאִם נָטַע כֶּרֶם וְחִלְּלוֹ אֵינוֹ זָז מִבֵּיתוֹ בִּשְׁבִיל צָרְכֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה: יהיה לביתו [HE SHALL BE FREE] AT HOME (or, as it may be literally translated: [FREE] FOR HIS HOUSE) — i.e., also on account of his new house (not only on account of his recent marriage, as stated in the text): if he has built a new house and only just dedicated it (not lived in it a full year), and similarly, if he has planted a vineyard and has only just begun to eat of its fruits (not enjoyed its produce the full fourth year), he need not leave his house for the requirements of war. This Halacha is derived from the text as follows:
יהיה. לְרַבּוֹת אֶת כַּרְמוֹ: יהיה HE SHALL BE — This is intended to include the vineyard (Sifrei Devarim 271:4),
לביתו. זֶה בֵיתוֹ: לביתו This is the mention of “his house” (Sifrei Devarim 271:3).
ושמח. יְשַׂמֵּחַ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וְיַחְדֵי יָת אִתְּתֵהּ", וְהַמְתַרְגֵּם וְיֶחְדֵּי עִם אִתְּתֵהּ טוֹעֶה הוּא, שֶׁאֵין זֶה תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל וְשִׂמַּח אֶלָּא שֶׁל וְשָׂמַח: ושמח means HE SHALL GLADDEN [HIS WIFE], its correct Targum rendering therefore is: וְיַחְדֵי יַת אִיתְּתֵהּ which expresses this; One who reads in the Targum וְיַחְדֵי עִם אִיתְּתֵהּ “he shall rejoice with his wife” is in error, for this is not the Targum equivalent of וְשִׂמַּח (Piel) but of וְשָׂמַח (Kal).